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PSY 210 Final Exam Exercise Review Flashcards | StudBud
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PSY 210 Final Exam Exercise Review
PSY 210 Final Exam Exercise Review
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1
After score - Before score
effect size
range
power
difference score
2
A
t
test for independent means is reported as "
t
(28) = 4.21,
p
< .01." This means
the result is not statistically significant.
there were 28 participants in the study.
the power was high.
the tscore was 4.21.
3
df total is
df1 + df 2
df1 - df2
df1*df2
df1/ df2
4
The percentage of scores between the mean and any particular Z score may be found in a(n) __________.
normal curve table
t distribution table
F ratio table
comparison group table
5
What is the median of 5, 3, 0, 2, 8, 7?
(0 + 2)/ 2 = 1
0
(5-3)/2
(5+3)/2 = 4
6
Central tendency scores _________
D) represents and summarizes a set of scores
B) indicates the shape of the distribution of scores
A) represents the spread of scores
C) are outliers
7
The overall test of the significance of the difference among groups in an analysis of variance is called
a post-hoc test.
a planned comparison.
an absolute contrast.
an omnibus test.
8
Personality traits affect academic performance. What is the Explanatory (IV) Variable?
Academic performance
Personality traits
Academic self-efficacy
Students
9
The symbol "S2M2" represents __________.
the population variance of the distribution of means for group 2
the population standard deviation of the distribution of means for group 2
estimated population standard dev of the distribution of means for group 2
the estimated population variance of the distribution of means for group 2
10
Testing participants before and after an experimental manipulation is called a(n) ______________ design
repeated measures (within-subjects)
cross-lagged
between groups
within means
11
You want to know the % of Americans who are considered morbidly obese. What type of statistic would you use?
Inferential statistics
Ordinal statistics
Quantitative statistics
Descriptive statistics
12
The most common way for a t-test for independent means to be reported in a research article is
t (i:29) < .05
t (45) = 3.5, p < .05
independent t (15): 30, p: significant
t (independent) = 2.9, significant
13
If you want to study if anxiety increases likelihood of obesity, what type of statistic would you use?
Quantitative statistics
Descriptive statistics
Ordinal statistics
Inferential statistics
14
Refer to the data below. What of the following statements is true?
Social Functioning Scores are significantly correlated with other variables
Depression test scores has a significant correlation with IQ Test Scores
Anxiety is not significantly correlated with General Well Being Test Scores
Anxiety Test Scores are significantly related to all other variables
15
A deviation score is the difference between the score (X) and the __________.
C) standard deviation
D) mean
A) z score
B) error
16
What does p mean?
percent error
probability of getting that outcome in the comparison population
probability of a successful experiment
potential of getting that outcome in the comparison population
17
What histogram shape do you expect if all scores on a variable appeared with equal frequencies?
bimodal
rectangular
unimodal
skewed
18
The last step when figuring the correlation coefficient is to
divide the sum of the cross-products of Z scores by the sample size.
add the sample size to the sum of the cross-products of Z scores.
subtract the sample size from the sum of the cross-products of Z scores.
multiply the sum of the cross-products of Z scores by the sample size.
19
Which statement is only true for the t test for dependent means rather than t tests in general?
Population variances are estimated from the information in the sample of #s
Pretest-posttest experimental designs are tested.
The population means are unknown.
The sample scores (in some form) are compared to a t distribution.
20
Does playing video games affect body weight? What is the Explanatory (IV) Variable?
B) Body weight
A) Video game playing
21
Estimated pooled population variance (of scores)
S2
S2pooled
S2difference2
S2difference
22
Which graph depicts a negative correlation?
Scenario D
Scenario A
Scenario C
Scenario B
23
When testing for statistical significance you must use the following table for the cut off score.
t distribution
z distribution
F distribution
r distribution
24
If the correlation between two personality traits is .07, the correlation is considered a
weak positive linear correlation.
weak negative linear correlation.
strong negative linear correlation.
strong positive linear correlation.
25
In a
t
test for dependent means in which 10 participants are each tested twice, the number of degrees of freedom is ____
10
6
8
9
26
Which of the following is a medium effect size?
.10
-.20
.80
-.50
27
The main difference between a Z score and a t score is that
t scores are used only when the sample size is greater than 30.
t scores are used only when inferences are made about other samples.
t scores are used when a study is analyzed with a one-tailed test.
t scores are used when the population variance is unknown.
28
A z score also may be called a(n) __________.
skewed score
jerk
raw score
standard score
29
The spread of scores (distance between scores) can be referred to as
central tendency
variability
outlier
kurtosis
30
What is the comparison distribution of the t test for independent means?
comparison distribution of the differences between means.
comparison distribution of raw scores
comparison distribution of the mean difference scores (change scores)
comparison distribution of means
31
Which of the following statements explains why deviations must be squared when determining variance?
The deviations must be squared to cancel out the squared deviations.
Deviations contain positive numbers and negative numbers; adds to 0 summed
The deviations are not normally distributed.
The deviations follow a skewed distribution.
32
Failing to reject (retaining) the null hypothesis when in fact the research hypothesis is true is a(n) __________.
Type II error (beta)
confounding effect
significant effect
Type 1 error (alpha)
33
Does playing video games affect body weight? What is the Outcome (DV) Variable?
B) Body weight
A) Video game playing
34
Do US children whose parents are librarians score higher than US children in general on reading? The treatment group?
US children in general
Children that don't live in the US
US children whose parents are librarians
US children who have both parents living with them
35
If someone told you that a distribution showed a floor effect, you would surmise that it is:
Rectangular
Positively skewed
Symmetrical
Normally distributed
36
When the null hypothesis is rejected, the results of a study are said to be __________.
statistically significant
normal
inconclusive
skewed
37
If the standard deviation is 3, then the variance is
9
3
6
1.30
38
A Scheffe test requires that you divide the paired comparison F ratio by the
degrees of freedom of the denominator of the paired comparison
degrees of freedom of the numerator (between groups) of the omnibus test
degrees of freedom of the numerator of the planned comparison
degrees of freedom of the denominator (within groups) of the omnibus
39
What is the level of measurement for clothing sizes (small, medium, large, extra large)?
interval
ratio
nominal
ordinal
40
Estimated population variance of the distribution of differences between means
S2pooled
S2difference
S2M
S2
41
In the formula (M – μM) / SM, SM is the __________. (Describe in words.)
estimated population variance of a distribution of means
variance of the sample divided by the mean
estimated population standard deviation of the distribution of means
standard deviation of the sample comparison group
42
You want to know if casino worker income has an effect on customer satisfaction. What kind of statistic would you use?
Descriptive statistics
Quantitative statistics
Inferential statistics
Ordinal statistics
43
As the number of people in a sample gets larger, the distribution of means
becomes more positively skewed.
becomes more negatively skewed.
begins to look less and less like the normal curve.
becomes a better approximation of the normal curve.
44
A measure of central tendency that is not very affected by outliers is the __________.
B) median only
A) mean
D) mode only
C) both the median and mode
45
Multiplying a person's
Z
score on one variable times the person's
Z
score on another variable creates a(n) _ of
Z
scores
cross product
number line
deviation
difference
46
Personality traits affect academic performance. What is the Outcome (DV) Variable?
Academic performance
Academic self-efficacy
Personality traits
Students
47
The standard deviation is the __________ the variance.
product of
square root of
difference of
sum of
48
You want to know the average income of casino workers in Las Vegas. What type of statistic would you use?
Descriptive statistics
Inferential statistics
Ordinal statistics
Quantitative statistics
49
For the Dependent t test, what is 𝜇 1 ?
population mean of the distribution of scores of the treatment group
population mean of the distribution of scores of the comparison group
population mean of the distribution of dif scores of the treatment group.
population mean of the distribution of dif. scores of the comparison group
50
What is the level of measurement for weights of people? (measured in pounds)
B) interval
C) ordinal
D) nominal
A) ratio
