Duplicate of Intro to Soils - Midterm Review

What is evapotranspiration?

Which of the following are epipedons?

Surface runoff is water that moves off the soil surface because it is unable to infiltrate into the soil fast enough

Name the category level: udults

A cambic subsurface horizon is a slightly altered layer.

What are sedimentary rocks?

This soil structure is prismatic.

A hydric soil is a soil formed under conditions of saturation, flooding, or ponding for long enough to be anaerobic

What conditions are associated with poor soil aeration?

Select all the benefits from improving soil drainage

What is the state soil of Illinois?

Water will always move from an area of low potential energy to an area of high potential energy

Matric potential is the attraction of water to soil solids. This attraction lowers the "free" energy of the water.

What are some functions of soil microorganisms? Select all that apply.

Select the factors that affect soil bulk density.

Select the two texture methods taught in class

What is my dog's name?

What is a mollic epipedon?

What is a natric subsurface horizon?

The soil order of Drummer is Alfisol.

The Wisconsian glacial episode reached the very bottom of Illinois

Define B horizon.

A redox reaction is the transfer of electrons from one substance to another.

Alluvial soils are poorly developed.

What are Mollisols?

Define soil texture.

Why is matric potential always negative?

What does it mean to be in a symbiotic relationship?

Parent material is predictive of soil texture.

Adhesion is the attraction of water molecules for each other

Loess is the most common parent material in Illinois.

The greater the concentration of solutes, the more osmotic potential is lowered

Define saturated flow.

What do wetland soils typically look like?

The 4 mechanisms of heat energy are: radiation, convection, conduction, and latent heat transfer

How many soil orders are there?

Plants don't differ in soil temperature requirements.

Define A horizon.

An epipedon is a diagnostic horizon that forms at or near the surface

What is bulk density?

Glacial outwash is deposited by streams of glacial meltwaters

What happens with capillary rise in a glass tub when the radius of the tube decreases

What are Alfisols?

Unsaturated flow is defined as water movement due to differences in osmotic potential

What is the largest organism in the world?

What unit is used for the different water potentials?

Soil energy drives evaporation

Gravitational potential is responsible for water movement under saturated conditions

The pore size distribution in soil largely determines the amount and rate of movement of capillary water in soil

Adhesion and cohesion forces are involved in capillary action

Dry soils heat up faster than wet soils.

Soil structure only impacts how water moves in soils.

The most common soil orders in Illinois are Mollisols and Entisols.

Which option is not one of the 6 ecological roles of soil?

Select all the erosion control methods.

An E horizon is not highly weathered.

Matric potential is always positive.

psamment belongs to the soil order Spodosol

Specific heat is the measure of heat energy required to increase temp. of a unit quantity of a substance.

Define residuum.

Plant available water is the difference between field capacity and the perm. wilting point

Osmotic potential is the pressure required to equalize the level of H2O between areas of diff. salt concentrations

Shrek lives in New York City

What is loess?

Gravitational potential is the amount of work required to move a given mass of water against gravity

aqualf belongs to the soil order Alfisol

Select the factors that impact soil water availability

Select all factors that impact soil aeration.

What is an argillic subsurface horizon?

Soil organic matter has a low water holding capacity.

What makes up climate?

What does polarity mean?

The O horizon is made up of mostly organic matter.

List the 6 categories of soil tax. in order from the highest (most specific) to lowest (most general) level.

What are primary consumers?

5 Soil Forming Factors: Climate, Organisms, Relief (topo.), Parent Material, and Time

Igneous rocks are composed of primary minerals.

What are Vertisols?

Select all wetland plant adaptations.

What is soil?

The elements C, H, and O come from air and water.

A wetland is land consisting of marshes and swamps; saturated land

What factors limit capillary rise in soils?

Zinc and iron are micronutrients.

The particle size range for silt is 0.05 to 0.002 mm.

Which glacial episode occurred first in Illinois?

N, P, and K are considered macronutrients.

Rhizobia are parasitic bacteria.

What is alluvium?

An umbric epipedon is the same as mollic except for lower base saturation

This soil structure is granular.

Evaporation is the return of H₂O to the atm. from the land surface via vaporization of H₂O from soil or surface H₂O

An ochric epipedon is too light in color, has too little organic mater, or is too thin the make the mollic reqs.

This soil structure is platy.

What is a soil profile?

Name the category level: Typic Paleudults

What is glacial till?

What is soil water potential?

Define C horizon.

A transporting agent is involved for residuum.

What is the water potential at Field Capacity?

Which practices control surface evaporation?

What are primary producers?

What is the water potential at Permanent Wilting Point?

The taxonomic category level for Fragiudults is Great group

What are the two mechanisms of soil aeration?