What is an advantage of genetic screening for athletes?

It can help identify potential health risks and enhance training

What is the function of blood vessels in the dermis?

Aid thermoregulation through vasodilation and vasoconstriction

Which process occurs during EPOC?

Replenishment of myoglobin and creatine phosphate

What does testosterone primarily regulate in males?

Development of male sexual characteristics

How does the Hawkeye system benefit tennis coaches?

Tracks scoring trends and errors

What does EPOC stand for?

Excess post-exercise oxygen consumption

Endurance activities rely primarily on:

Aerobic energy processes during prolonged sessions

How does genetic screening affect injury susceptibility?

It predicts long-term injury risks for better safety

What is a disadvantage of genetic screening in sports?

It may cause discrimination in sports or employment

How do genes influence human characteristics?

By providing genetic code for protein production

What is the primary benefit of notational analysis?

Provides objective performance feedback

Modifying genes to improve athletic performance

What is the main function of the thyroid gland?

Produces thyroxine to regulate metabolism

What is the primary focus of BodyByte software?

Nutrition and fitness program management

What is an example of process-oriented learning?

Athlete exploring solutions with the coach

What is the key purpose of motion tracking devices?

Measuring movement and ball trajectories

What is a common symptom of DOMS?

Muscle soreness lasting up to five days

Why does the brain require a constant supply of glucose?

It is the primary fuel for aerobic glycolysis

The epidermis is primarily responsible for:

Acting as a barrier to external pathogens and irritants

What is delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS)?

Micro-tears in muscle fibers from eccentric exercise

Which key factor distinguishes IT from digital technology?

IT focuses on data manipulation systems

The occipital lobe is primarily responsible for:

Visual sensory input and interpretation

What is a mechanical principle included in the performance outcome model?

Force relationships underpinning performance

How is BodyByte unique as a software?

Manages athlete nutrition and fitness plans

What is the key characteristic of non-linear pedagogy?

Exploration of problems by coach and athletes together

How do social factors influence environmental constraints?

Impact athlete performance via expectations

What are local hormones?

Hormones that act on nearby cells or tissues

What function is associated with the diencephalon?

Control of the autonomic nervous system (ANS)

Static friction occurs when:

A stationary object resists motion

What is one challenge in understanding the influence of genetics on elite sport performance?

The balance between genetics and training is not yet clear

The development of peripheral fatigue in high-intensity activities depends on:

Depletion of creatine phosphate and ATP

studbud

SEHS HL Core Topics

185 termsStudBud Administration31 plays

Old Syllabus topics 7: Further Anatomy through to 13 Exercise and Immunity

Flashcards185 cardsFPractice quizPHost liveL

Questions 185

Answers

1
Which structure of the brain is responsible for coordinating muscle contractions?
Diencephalon
Cerebellum
Limbic lobe
Brain stem
2
What is an advantage of genetic screening for athletes?
It can help identify potential health risks and enhance training
It creates a one-size-fits-all approach to training
It ensures all athletes perform at the same level
It guarantees better training outcomes
3
What is the function of blood vessels in the dermis?
Provide a waterproof barrier for the skin
Produce sweat to cool the body
Aid thermoregulation through vasodilation and vasoconstriction
Stimulate hair follicles to grow
4
Which process occurs during EPOC?
Replenishment of myoglobin and creatine phosphate
Immediate restoration of glycogen stores
Increased lactate production post-exercise
Rapid decline in oxygen demand after exercise
5
What does testosterone primarily regulate in males?
Development of male sexual characteristics
Bone density and muscle strength
Menstrual cycle and ovulation
Insulin production and glucose regulation
6
How does the Hawkeye system benefit tennis coaches?
Tracks scoring trends and errors
Identifies specific nutritional deficits
Focuses only on court conditions
Measures altitude and player hydration
7
What does EPOC stand for?
Excess post-exercise pressure on cells
Elevated performance oxygen consumption
Excess post-exercise oxygen consumption
Enhanced physiological oxygen capability
8
Endurance activities rely primarily on:
Anaerobic energy processes during intense intervals
Creatine phosphate as the primary energy source
Aerobic energy processes during prolonged sessions
Short bursts of maximum effort
9
How does genetic screening affect injury susceptibility?
It helps in reducing injury risk by understanding genetic traits
It makes injuries inevitable
It predicts long-term injury risks for better safety
It has no effect on injury prediction
10
What is a disadvantage of genetic screening in sports?
It reduces the likelihood of injury
It may cause discrimination in sports or employment
It helps athletes improve their performance
It can lead to better individualized training plans
11
How do genes influence human characteristics?
By directly changing environmental factors
By influencing environmental factors
By determining only physical traits
By providing genetic code for protein production
12
How does medium exercise affect immune function?
It weakens circulation
It lowers the risk of illness
It has no impact on the immune system
It causes severe inflammation
13
Which sports rely more heavily on genetic factors?
Cricket and rugby
Badminton and tennis
Football and basketball
Swimming and athletics
14
What is the primary benefit of notational analysis?
Provides objective performance feedback
Enhances focus on environmental constraints
Highlights only biomechanical principles
Develops qualitative models for future athletes
15
What is gene doping?
Using drugs to enhance physical capabilities
Modifying genes to improve athletic performance
Overtraining to increase endurance
Training beyond physical limits to enhance performance
16
What is the main function of the thyroid gland?
Regulates water balance in the body
Secretes adrenaline during stress
Produces thyroxine to regulate metabolism
Stimulates muscle growth and repair
17
What is the primary focus of BodyByte software?
Real-time opposition analysis
Ball trajectory tracking
Nutrition and fitness program management
Sequential event recording
18
How do children inherit their genes?
By acquiring traits from their surroundings
By random selection
Through environmental factors
Through sex cells from both parents
19
What is an example of process-oriented learning?
Athlete exploring solutions with the coach
Following standardized game plans
Fixed content delivery by a coach
Prioritizing safety over creative input
20
What is the key purpose of motion tracking devices?
Measuring movement and ball trajectories
Analyzing opponent statistics
Enhancing coach communication
Managing athlete nutrition
21
What is a common symptom of DOMS?
Excessive energy and muscle tightness
Increased glycogen levels in muscles
Fatigue immediately after training
Muscle soreness lasting up to five days
22
What type of drag is most impacted by streamlining?
Wave drag
Form drag
Surface drag
Air drag
23
Which layer is responsible for Vitamin D synthesis?
Dermis
Sebaceous glands
Epidermis
Fat layer
24
Why does the brain require a constant supply of glucose?
It stores glucose in excess for later use
It stores fat as an energy reserve
It is the primary fuel for aerobic glycolysis
It uses glucose to regulate hormone levels
25
What is a task constraint in the constraints-led approach?
Altitude and noise levels
Athlete’s cognitive maturity
Rules on actions or equipment
Peer pressure during competition
26
What is the principal fuel source for the brain?
Protein
Oxygen
Fat
Glucose
27
The epidermis is primarily responsible for:
Regulating blood flow to maintain body temperature
Producing sebum to moisturize the skin
Absorbing UV radiation to protect internal tissues
Acting as a barrier to external pathogens and irritants
28
What does a frequency table record?
Real-time match statistics
Player positions and movements
Specific event sequences
Number of times a KPI occurs
29
What effect does low exercise have on immune function?
Increased chance of illness
Stronger immune response
Better muscle repair
Improved circulation
30
Which factor does NOT contribute to thermoregulation?
Sebaceous gland activity
Sweat gland activity
Blood vessels in the dermis
Fat layer insulation
31
Which lobe is associated with body awareness and spatial navigation?
Parietal lobe
Frontal lobe
Temporal lobe
Occipital lobe
32
Which lobe of the cerebrum is primarily responsible for problem solving?
Parietal lobe
Frontal lobe
Temporal lobe
Occipital lobe
33
What is overreaching in exercise?
Short-term excessive training
Moderate exercise for muscle recovery
Completing rest periods after every session
Exceeding long-term physical limits
34
Which material pair is likely to have a high coefficient of friction?
Glass and water
Plastic and oil
Rubber and concrete
Ice and steel
35
What is delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS)?
Lactic acid buildup post-exercise
Immediate fatigue from aerobic activity
Pain caused by improper hydration during exercise
Micro-tears in muscle fibers from eccentric exercise
36
Which key factor distinguishes IT from digital technology?
Digital refers to manual, non-automated processes
Digital technology does not involve software
IT excludes physical devices
IT focuses on data manipulation systems
37
Which structure is primarily responsible for producing sebum?
Nerves
Sweat glands
Hair follicles
Sebaceous glands
38
Why does water produce more drag than air?
Fluid pressure is greater in water
Water is less dense than air
Water is more viscous than air
The coefficient of friction is higher
39
The occipital lobe is primarily responsible for:
Speech and language comprehension
Emotional regulation and behavior
Visual sensory input and interpretation
Auditory processing and memory
40
Which of these characteristics is influenced by environmental factors?
Eye color
Hair type
Blood type
Flexibility
41
What is a mechanical principle included in the performance outcome model?
Social factors affecting action
Phase retraction sequence
Follow-through
Force relationships underpinning performance
42
How is BodyByte unique as a software?
Exclusively improves biomechanical techniques
Tracks ball trajectories for sports feedback
Provides environmental constraints analysis
Manages athlete nutrition and fitness plans
43
The direction of the normal reaction force is:
Perpendicular to friction
Opposite to gravity
Parallel to the surface
Along the applied force
44
What is the key characteristic of non-linear pedagogy?
Exploration of problems by coach and athletes together
Focus on content rather than process
Emphasis on safety over creativity
Fixed knowledge transfer from coach to athlete
45
How do social factors influence environmental constraints?
They determine athlete decision-making
Limit availability of certain technologies
Impact athlete performance via expectations
Dictate game rules and conditions
46
What are local hormones?
Hormones that act on distant organs
Hormones that act on nearby cells or tissues
Hormones that enter the bloodstream
Hormones that regulate body temperature
47
What function is associated with the diencephalon?
Coordination of muscle contractions
Control of the autonomic nervous system (ANS)
Interpretation of visual input
Speech and movement control
48
Static friction occurs when:
Drag force acts on the object
A stationary object resists motion
The coefficient of friction is zero
An object is sliding at constant speed
49
What is one challenge in understanding the influence of genetics on elite sport performance?
The balance between genetics and training is not yet clear
We cannot control environmental factors
Different sports require identical genetic traits
Genetics have no effect on elite athletes
50
Which type of learning does traditional pedagogy emphasize?
Process-oriented exploration
Athlete-led discovery
Content-focused learning
Collaborative problem-solving
51
The development of peripheral fatigue in high-intensity activities depends on:
Overheating during activity
Reduced glycogen in muscles and liver
Dehydration and electrolyte imbalances
Depletion of creatine phosphate and ATP
52
Which hormone is released by the pancreas to raise blood glucose levels?
Thyroxine
Testosterone
Insulin
Glucagon
53
Which of these is an example of athlete constraints in Newell’s model?
Gravity and altitude
Rules and conditions of the task
Self-organization and decision-making
Playing surface material
54
Which of the following is a function of sebaceous glands?
Stimulate nerve endings in the dermis
Trap warm air to reduce heat loss
Absorb UV radiation for Vitamin D synthesis
Protect the skin from bacterial infections
55
How can surface drag be reduced?
Using smooth materials only
Altering surface properties
Decreasing surface area
Streamlining the body
56
The temporal lobe is crucial for:
Emotional processing
Auditory processing and language comprehension
Coordination of muscle movements
Visual interpretation
57
When does DOMS typically occur?
Within the first hour after exercise
8-12 hours after high-intensity effort
At the start of a training session
24-72 hours after exercise
58
Which is a primary application of notational analysis?
Managing nutrition plans
Tactical evaluation
Athlete recruitment
Equipment assessment
59
What is the phenotype of an individual?
The observable traits of an individual
The environmental influences on their traits
The invisible genetic code
The genetic material in their gametes
60
What is the relationship between exercise intensity and susceptibility to disease?
Moderate intensity has no impact on infections
Low intensity always decreases infections
High intensity increases susceptibility to infections
Higher intensity leads to fewer infections
61
Which is a feature of traditional pedagogy?
Creative problem-solving
High levels of athlete-coach interaction
Process-oriented learning
Coach-led learning
62
Why is aerobic glycolysis the primary energy production system in the brain?
It uses fats as the primary fuel source
It generates ATP quickly without producing harmful waste products
It generates ATP quickly but produces lactic acid
It requires no oxygen and operates faster than other processes
63
What causes inflammation as a second line of defense?
Increased blood pressure
Increased white blood cell production
Vasoconstriction
Histamine release from damaged tissues
64
What causes the roughened texture of “goosebumps”?
Stimulation of sebaceous glands
Blood vessel dilation
Contraction of arrector pili muscles
Sweat evaporating on the skin
65
High-intensity exercise typically lasts for:
More than an hour of continuous activity
Several hours with short breaks
30-60 minutes of aerobic exercise
Less than 1-2 minutes of anaerobic effort
66
What is the role of blood clotting?
To strengthen muscles
To prevent pathogens from entering through wounds
To repair nerve cells
To maintain temperature
67
What influences the perception of fatigue?
Post-exercise nutrition strategies
Only the type of exercise performed
The total duration of exercise only
Age, fitness, and specific exercise level
68
Oestrogen is responsible for the development of:
Male sexual characteristics
Female sexual characteristics
Bone health and strength
Muscle repair and growth
69
How many chromosomes are found in each human cell?
23 chromosomes
44 chromosomes
46 chromosomes
48 chromosomes
70
Which sports depend more on skill than genetic factors?
Swimming
Athletics
Basketball
Football
71
Which type of drag acts due to fluid adhering to an object’s surface?
Friction drag
Wave drag
Surface drag
Form drag
72
A key factor in peripheral fatigue during endurance activities is:
Increased creatine phosphate usage
Sudden muscle tearing
Depletion of muscle and liver glycogen reserves
Elevated lactate accumulation
73
What is an example of minimising friction to enhance performance?
Increasing shoe grip
Using textured gloves
Playing on a rough surface
Wearing ice skates
74
Doubling the surface area of an object:
Doubles the drag force
Reduces wave drag significantly
Halves the friction coefficient
Has no effect on form drag
75
How do sweat glands help regulate body temperature?
By producing sebum for hydration
By trapping warm air close to the skin
Evaporating sweat cools the skin and blood beneath
By absorbing heat from external sources
76
What is a genotype?
The sum of a person’s observable traits
The physical traits of a person
The actual genes a person has inherited
The environmental factors affecting an individual
77
What is the function of collagen in the dermis?
Aiding thermoregulation through sweat production
Stimulating nerve endings for pain detection
Protecting deep structures from mechanical injury
Synthesizing Vitamin D for bone health
78
How does Prozone benefit football analysis?
Simplifies sequential system diagrams
Provides real-time and post-match insights
Highlights individual nutrition gaps
Tracks sequence of possession in matches
79
What does a frequency table quantify?
Event sequence accuracy
Positional data during matches
Game flow representation
The number of specific actions or events
80
What is a significant feature of sequential systems?
Providing raw data for general use
Recording the order in which game events occur
Focusing on athlete-specific KPIs
Mapping only defensive movements
81
Which of the following does NOT determine the magnitude of μ?
Molecular interaction of the surfaces
Type of materials in contact
Speed of the moving object
Surface texture
82
The pineal gland regulates which biological process?
Circadian rhythm and reproductive hormones
Metabolism and digestion
Blood sugar regulation
Growth and cell division
83
The parietal lobe plays a significant role in:
Body awareness, orientation, and movement
Emotional processing
Visual processing
Auditory processing and memory
84
How is digital technology typically defined?
Independent of information-based systems
Exclusive to IT-based manipulation
Involves hardware-only data retrieval
Devices and software for collecting data
85
Which physical factor is an environmental constraint?
Rules of the task
Gravity
Athlete’s coordination
Movement patterns
86
Why is the coefficient of dynamic friction usually lower than static friction?
The moving object generates more heat
Normal force decreases when moving
Speed reduces the drag
Less molecular interaction during motion
87
Where is the dermis located?
Between the epidermis and fat layer
Beneath the hypodermis, cushioning underlying tissues
Below the epidermis, forming the skin’s inner layer
Above the epidermis, providing structural support
88
What is the purpose of sequential systems?
To map exact locations of events
To detail the order in which events occur
To focus only on offensive trends
To record data for individual analysis
89
Which hormone is secreted by the pituitary gland to control salt and water balance?
Testosterone
Growth hormone
Thyroxine
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
90
Sensory nerve endings are located in:
Epidermis only
Dermis and hypodermis
Sweat glands
Sebaceous glands
91
Melatonin is produced by the pineal gland and helps regulate:
Muscle recovery and repair
Sleep-wake cycles and seasonal adaptations
Blood glucose levels
Growth hormone secretion
92
What could be a result of genetic differences in sports?
Less need for training and coaching
More fair competition for all athletes
Equal treatment for all athletes regardless of genetic makeup
Discrimination due to perceived genetic advantages or disadvantages
93
What is an advantage of motion tracking devices?
Provides accurate movement and trajectory data
Exclusively evaluates team KPIs
Focuses only on athlete nutrition statistics
Directs tactical evaluations during games
94
Why are scattergrams beneficial in open sports?
Provide non-visual outcome analysis
They detail sequences of events
Map exact locations for tactical improvement
Count KPI occurrences quantitatively
95
Which process is the main energy production system for the brain?
Aerobic glycolysis
Anaerobic glycolysis
Fat metabolism
Protein synthesis
96
What occurs when antibodies encounter a foreign antigen?
They digest the antigen immediately
They form scars around the infection
They stimulate muscle growth
They bind to the antigen and neutralize it
97
Which principle does the phase analysis model emphasize?
Motion-tracking through digital devices
Mechanical constraints in closed-loop systems
Coordination and speed hierarchies
Sequential movements like preparation and follow-through
98
How is the performance outcome model different from the phase analysis model?
Based on biomechanical relationships and principles
Does not consider mechanical relationships
Focuses on qualitative feedback only
Excludes coordination principles
99
What is the function of the frontal lobe motor area?
Speech and voluntary movement
Auditory processing
Visual interpretation
Body awareness and orientation
100
Which is NOT a recommended strategy for reducing infection risk among athletes?
Exercise with little to no recovery time
Keep hydrated
Avoid close contact with sick people
Maintain good personal hygiene
101
Form drag is primarily influenced by:
The viscosity of the fluid
Gravity acting on the object
Surface smoothness
The shape of the moving object
102
What is overtraining?
Training beyond an athlete’s physical or mental tolerance
A short-term increase in training intensity
A balanced workout schedule
Training within optimal limits for growth
103
Growth hormone (GH) promotes:
Growth, cell division, and respiration
Sleep and circadian rhythms
Regulation of blood sugar
Breakdown of fat in the liver
104
A swimmer wearing a cap and goggles is minimising:
Wave drag
Form and surface drag
Dynamic friction
Surface drag only
105
The force that opposes motion between two surfaces is called:
Normal reaction force
Force of friction
Gravitational force
Drag force
106
What is a limitation of using IT in sports analysis?
It does not provide objective measurements
It eliminates creative decision-making in games
It always leads to over-reliance on data
Coaches need training to use and interpret data effectively
107
The normal reaction force depends on:
The weight of the object
The speed of movement
The type of material
Coefficient of drag
108
What happens after antibodies attack a pathogen?
The body forgets the pathogen
The pathogen replicates
The immune system becomes weaker
Phagocytes engulf the dead pathogen
109
Which lobe is associated with sensory and association areas for vision?
Parietal lobe
Occipital lobe
Temporal lobe
Frontal lobe
110
How does Hawkeye support tennis players?
Offers live match strategies
Tracks ball location and provides feedback
Enhances physical fitness programs
Records opponent statistics
111
Which is a primary use of flowcharts in sports?
Recording biomechanical movements
Managing training schedules
Summarizing athlete nutrition plans
Prioritizing events in game analysis
112
How does the hypothalamus interact with the pituitary gland?
It monitors blood sugar and directs pituitary action
It receives feedback and regulates pituitary function for homeostasis
It secretes adrenaline to influence pituitary function
It sends electrical signals to stimulate the pituitary directly
113
Relative velocity affects drag because:
Drag decreases as speed increases
Drag force is independent of speed
Drag is proportional to velocity squared
It increases linear friction
114
Which factor does NOT affect drag?
Object texture
Fluid salinity
Relative velocity
Object size
115
Which of these is a task constraint example?
Peer influence during practice
Noise levels during a game
Athlete’s movement patterns
Equipment rules in a task
116
How does exercise-induced inflammation affect the immune system?
It boosts leucocyte numbers
It limits blood flow and suppresses immunity
It promotes healing
It strengthens the immune response
117
Which is true of dynamic friction?
It remains constant during motion
It is greater than static friction
It only acts in fluid mediums
It varies with velocity
118
What is the primary purpose of training?
To increase relaxation
To avoid physical activity
To reduce stress
To perform exercise with a specific goal in mind
119
What primarily influences the waterproof nature of the epidermis?
Arrector pili muscles adjusting hair positions
Lipid and protein composition of the epidermis
Sebaceous glands producing sebum
Sweat glands releasing water to the surface
120
What type of exercise is linked to reduced susceptibility to infection?
High-intensity exercise
Overtraining
Sedentary behavior
Moderate exercise
121
What distinguishes frequency tables from scattergrams?
Frequency tables count KPIs; scattergrams map event locations
Tables use qualitative data; scattergrams are visual-only
Frequency tables are exclusive to open sports
Scattergrams are for individual data; tables for teams
122
The adrenal glands secrete which hormones to activate the “fight or flight” response?
Insulin and glucagon
Melatonin and thyroxine
Testosterone and progesterone
Epinephrine and norepinephrine
123
What are gametes?
Skin cells
Bone marrow cells
Red blood cells
Sex cells (sperm and egg)
124
Drag increases significantly with:
A decrease in fluid density
A squared increase in velocity
A smaller object size
An increase in altitude
125
How does a rough surface affect drag?
Only affects dynamic friction
Has no effect on overall drag
Reduces drag by directing fluid flow
Increases drag due to more resistance
126
What can over-reliance on IT in sports analysis lead to?
Improved coaching strategies
Complete elimination of subjective feedback
Athletes being overwhelmed by data
Higher accuracy in qualitative analysis
127
What is the role of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?
Regulates the release of insulin
Increases metabolism during physical activity
Stimulates growth and regeneration in tissues
Controls water levels in the body and helps kidneys reabsorb water
128
Central fatigue is primarily caused by:
Overproduction of myoglobin
Impaired function of the central nervous system
Depletion of ATP in muscle cells
Elevated levels of lactate in the muscles
129
What does the coefficient of friction (μ) represent?
The weight of the object in contact
A dimensionless ratio of friction to normal force
A force acting on a moving object
The acceleration due to gravity
130
How are hormones released into the body?
Only when directly stimulated by external factors
In a constant flow through the bloodstream to all cells
Continuously at a steady rate
In short bursts or over longer periods, affecting specific cells
131
How does digital technology enhance analysis?
By offering objective, accurate data
By providing only short-term data
By automating all decisions
By eliminating training requirements
132
Which phase does not belong in the phase analysis model?
Evaluation
Preparation
Action
Retraction
133
The brain stem is primarily involved in:
Long-term memory
Sensory perception
Emotional regulation
Respiratory and cardiovascular control
134
What is the function of the immune system?
To regulate body temperature
To store energy
To protect the body from infections
To maintain muscle growth
135
Peripheral fatigue develops as a result of:
Overhydration during prolonged exercise
Reduced force produced by muscle cells
Impaired function of the central nervous system
Aerobic energy system recovery
136
Which of the following strategies helps minimize infection risk in athletes?
Training during illness
Maintaining good personal hygiene
Extreme training without rest
Inadequate hydration
137
How does glucose reach the brain?
It is produced in the brain from fatty acids
It is stored directly in the brain
It is released by the pancreas directly into the brain
It crosses the blood-brain barrier via the bloodstream
138
Why are sequential systems important in team games?
To simplify athlete movements
To understand the order of game events
To manage real-time match interruptions
To categorize KPIs without context
139
What is the main function of the cerebellum?
Controls sensory input
Coordinates muscle contractions and maintains balance
Stores long-term memories
Regulates emotional responses
140
What does the term pedagogy mean?
The method and science of teaching, learning, and instruction
A strategy for player management
A system for analyzing athletic performance
A technique for designing training programs
141
What does a scattergram in sports analysis show?
Locations of specific events on a playing field
Visual feedback for technique improvement
Frequency of specific actions
Sequential events in a game
142
Which function is associated with the temporal lobe of the cerebrum?
Auditory processing and long-term memory
Body awareness and spatial orientation
Muscle coordination and movement
Speech and language comprehension
143
What is an advantage of immediate IT feedback in sports?
Eliminates the need for data interpretation
Replaces traditional coaching methods entirely
Enables coaches to adjust strategies on the spot
Focuses only on digital tools’ visualizations
144
Which tissue layer is formed of adipose tissue and helps insulate the body?
Epidermis
Sebaceous layer
Fat layer (hypodermis)
Dermis
145
What does the phase analysis model emphasize?
Hierarchical application of force principles
Preparation, retraction, action, and follow-through
Data visualization and feedback
Sequential principles of biomechanics
146
How does training influence an athlete’s genetic traits?
It has no effect on performance
It reverses genetic disadvantages
It allows athletes to maximize genetic advantages
It permanently alters their genetic code
147
How does high exercise intensity affect immune function?
It decreases leucocyte numbers and suppresses immunity
It has no effect on immunity
It improves immune response
It strengthens the immune system
148
What is a social factor in environmental constraints?
Court surface
Athlete self-organization
Altitude
Peer pressure
149
How does EPOC contribute to recovery?
Paying back the oxygen deficit from anaerobic effort
Reducing core body temperature quickly
Increasing muscle tearing for faster hypertrophy
Increasing lactic acid production in muscles
150
What is a drawback of information technology in sports?
Feedback is often inaccurate
Requires training to interpret data
Produces no visual data
Limits access to digital analysis tools
151
What is the primary function of epinephrine (adrenaline)?
Enhances cognitive function during relaxation
Increases blood flow to muscles and raises heart rate during stress
Regulates the menstrual cycle
Reduces blood sugar levels in response to exercise
152
Where are ovaries located in females?
In the lower stomach region
Below the thyroid
Near the pancreas
Behind the kidneys
153
Which software specializes in high-definition football match analysis?
Dartfish
Prozone
Hawkeye
BodyByte
154
How does a trained athlete recover differently during EPOC?
Requires more time to reach steady state
Experiences greater lactate accumulation
Has a higher EPOC than untrained individuals
Returns to steady state faster than untrained individuals
155
What does a gene carry?
Genetic instructions for cell division
Specific genetic information
Nutrients needed for cell function
Proteins needed for cellular repair
156
Why could genetic screening lead to discrimination in sports?
It allows athletes to be genetically modified
It may result in exclusion based on genetic traits
It helps athletes achieve their best performance
It makes identifying talent easier
157
Why are athletes more susceptible to infections?
They take supplements
They exercise too little
They have stronger immune systems
Increased stress and exposure to airborne pathogens
158
What is a key feature of Prozone software?
Tracks ball movement in tennis matches
High-definition match analysis for football
Manages nutrition and fitness programs
Measures biomechanical parameters
159
The size of an object affects drag by:
Minimising wave generation
Increasing the fluid displaced
Reducing surface interaction
Negating velocity effects
160
What distinguishes digital technology from information technology?
Digital collects and manipulates data
Both terms are interchangeable
Digital refers only to video recording
Information refers to computer-based data management
161
To minimise wave drag in swimming, athletes should:
Shave their skin
Swim underwater at starts
Streamline their body shape
Use hydrodynamic suits
162
Which of the following is an example of a genetic factor in sports performance?
Type of diet
Training routine
Muscle fibre type
Access to technology
163
Which area of the cerebrum is associated with long-term memory?
Cerebellum
Occipital lobe
Temporal lobe and limbic lobe
Frontal lobe and parietal lobe
164
Which system is present before any exposure to pathogens?
Endocrine system
Innate immune system
Adaptive immune system
Nervous system
165
Hormone levels in the body are primarily regulated by:
Negative feedback loop mechanism
Positive feedback loop mechanism
Continuous hormonal release
Direct stimulation from external factors
166
What happens when antibodies remain in the body after an infection?
They help recognize and fight the pathogen in future infections
They weaken the immune system
They become ineffective
They cause long-term immunity
167
What is a key feature of non-linear pedagogy?
Development of creative processes in athletes
Full responsibility for learning lies with the coach
Safety-focused, controlled scenarios
Fixed rules and standardized feedback
168
Thyroxine regulates:
Blood pressure and stress responses
Cell division and growth
Hormonal balance during pregnancy
The rate of metabolism
169
How does the fat layer (hypodermis) help absorb shock?
By contracting arrector pili muscles
By providing a dense layer of adipose tissue
By producing sebum to protect the skin
By cushioning blood vessels in the dermis
170
What is the role of arrector pili muscles?
Producing sebum to maintain skin hydration
Increasing blood flow to cool the body
Stimulating sweat production
Causing hairs to stand erect, trapping warm air
171
The limbic lobe is involved in:
Auditory processing and speech comprehension
Emotion, behavior, and long-term memory
Body movement and motor control
Visual processing and interpretation
172
Progesterone plays a key role in:
Menstrual cycle and pregnancy in females
Muscle building and strength
Immune system response
The regulation of metabolic rate
173
The frontal lobe of the cerebrum is responsible for:
Body awareness and movement
Visual processing
Decision making, reasoning, and speech
Auditory processing and language comprehension
174
Frictional force formula is:
Ff = μ × velocity
Ff = μ ÷ mass
Ff = mass × gravity
Ff = μ × R
175
What is fatigue in sport?
A reversible exercise-induced decline in performance
An irreversible decline caused by poor recovery practices
A state of increased energy and improved mental focus
A permanent loss of physical ability due to overtraining
176
Drag force in air is greater when:
Speed is higher
Surface area decreases
Altitude increases
Fluid viscosity lowers
177
How do scattergrams help in sports analysis?
Pinpoint locations of events on the field
Highlight individual athlete stats
Document equipment usage
Track event sequences
178
What is a key challenge in using information technologies?
Limited access in some regions or conditions
Real-time feedback is inaccurate
Data provided is not objective
No training is needed for proper interpretation
179
What is the role of DNA in living organisms?
It carries genetic instructions for growth and reproduction
It produces energy for the cells
It structures the skeleton
It controls the immune system
180
Why are flowcharts used in sports analysis?
To document and manage game processes
To summarize athlete nutrition plans
To visualize biomechanical movements
To compare individual performances
181
The pancreas primarily regulates:
Sleep-wake cycles
Blood sugar levels and insulin production
Heart rate and blood pressure
Blood sugar levels
182
The hypothalamus regulates which of the following?
Movement and posture
Heart rate and respiration rate
Maintenance activities like body temperature and eating
Sensory input and motor output
183
Which category includes peer pressure as a constraint?
Athlete constraints
Environmental constraints
Tactical constraints
Task constraints
184
What is the third line of defense in the immune system?
Skin barriers
Antibody protection
Stomach acid
Physical barriers
185
What is the goal of notational analysis?
To improve team communication
To document training plans
To record and quantify performance objectively
To visualize movement patterns

SEHS HL Core Topics Flashcards | StudBud