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Final Review
Final Review
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1
Ch. 2 Select the definitions / criteria for clinical judgement...
the application of knowledge
Prioritizing nursing actions
Analyzing a client's needs
UEnsuring thinking is unbiased
Thinking about thinking
Evalutating outcomes
2
Supination is turning upward and pronation is turning downward.
True
False
3
Select the correct statement in regard to chemical, generic and trade names of drugs.
A drug has just one generic but several chemical and trade names
A drug has just one trade name but several generic and chemical names
A drug has just one chemical but several generic and trade names
A drug has only one chemical and generic name but several trade names
4
ADAMS MEDS: What is a prototype drug and how does it differ from other drugs in the same class?
Prototype is the classification based on intended effect
Prototype is an understood drug model that drugs in class are compared
Prototype drug is based on the way it works on the molecular level
Prototype drug addresses a drug's mechanism of action
5
Cyanosis is.....(select all that apply)
Purple-colored spots and patches that occur on the skin
Extreme Edema causing the skin to leak fluid
Poor circulation or inadequate oxygenation
Bluish color of the skin
6
Theoretical nursing requires an understanding of the how and why of correctly performing nursing skills.
False
True
7
Nursing research is an objective and subjective process of analyzing phenomena of importance to nursing
True
False
8
Dr. Jean Watson's nursing theory is improving the environment to enable patients to heal themselves.
False
True
9
What is the rationale for the administration of a loading dose of a drug?
It decreases the risk of drug toxicity
It results in lower dosages being required to achieve therapeutic effects
It more rapidly builds plasma drug levels to a plateau level
It decreases the number of doses that must be given
10
Patient safety system approach stresses humans make mistakes thus key to safety is creating systems that prevent errors
True
False
11
Select all emerging infections of special concern in healthcare....
Re-emerging polio
Viruses
Airborne infections
Easily identifiable bacterial infections
Emerging new infections that have the potential to become epidemics
Chicken pox
12
Reasons for non-adherence to a medication regimen include: (select all)
Inability to afford the medication
Visual and motor deficits
Medication is having a therapeutic effect
Excellent cognitive ability
No symptoms of disease
Forgetfulness
13
What is the main cause of injuries during the adolescent period? Select all that apply.
Stress and abuse r/t work
Motor vehicle accidents
Risk taking behaviors d/t feeling indestructible leading to injury
Sports and recreational injuries
14
Ch. 22 Select all the benefits of personal hygiene
Provides comfort
Improves self-esteem
Enables the nurse to smell any potential infection or diseases
contributes to physical and psychological well-being
Aids the skin in regulating temperature
Aids with elimination (bowels and urinary)
15
What is the role of the nurse in medication administration (select all that apply)
Infor patient, even if disagree, in hospital have to take prescribed meds
Ensure medications are administered and delivered in safe manner
Ensure the patient understands the use and administration of meds
Ensure healthcare provider orders are accurate
16
Immobility decreases the workload on the heart.
True
False
17
Ch. 1 What factors make it difficult to define nursing?
Changes in the beliefs and expectations of the nursing role
Rapid changes in the nursing role
Changing nature of healthcare
Nursing's ability to customize their practice and develop personal policies
The complexity of the nursing role
The continual changing architectural design of hospitals
18
Eyes should be cleansed from the outer canthus to the inner corner (towards the nasolacrimal duct).
True
False
19
The are four phases of approval for drugs; phases progress from cellular/animal testing through to pt's with the disease
False
True
20
Drug administration is more rapid from the subcutaneous (SQ) route than the intramuscular (IM) route
True
False
21
In a punitive culture, errors are reduced because Health Care Providers are afraid of losing their jobs
True
False
22
Data a nurse collects with her visual senses are.... (select all that apply)
Patient's equipment and monitor readings
Patient's general appearance
Bowel sounds
Pulse rate and rhythm
Skin color
Body odor
23
Select all the nail changes that occur with aging.
Nail beds turn bluish
Nails become ridged
Nails become extremely brittle
Nails become thickened
24
Which medications would not be administered through a nasogastric tube? (select all that apply)
Liquid IV medications
Liquid IM medications
Liquid oral medications
Finely crushed tablets
Enteric coated tablets
Sustained release tablets
25
When someone is choking the first thing you should do is position the patient and perform the Heimlich manuever
True
False
26
The Professional Nurse is responsible for making assessments.
True
False
27
Ch. 3 Choose the statement that is secondary data and objective data .....
A client tells the nurse that she experiences severe cramping with menses
A client's health record that the breast exam was normal
The nurse tells the patient that she is anemic
The client reports daily weights have remained consistent within one pound
28
The four essential concepts in nursing theory are (select all)...
Person
Health
Environment
Nurse
Physician collaboration
Holistic care
29
The keys to minimizing radiation exposure are limiting time, distance and proper shielding.
False
True
30
What are the components of a pain assessment?
Pain location and quality
Aggravating and alleviating factors
Pain intensity
Measures that provide pain relief
31
What are the typical causes of hospital fires? (select all that apply)
Anesthesia Causes
Electrical issues
Pharmaceutical compounding
Cigarett smoking
32
A 79 year old patient is fearful of exercise. What would you teach your patient to overcome the barriers? Select all
Do not waste your time on warming up or stretching.
Take frequent rest periods as needed
Make it a social activity and exercise with others
Begin at a normal pace and gradually increase intensity
33
What is critical thinking?
Nursing informal education through socialization and clinical experience
Collection and analyzing information, with careful consideration for action
The nurse moves from abstract principles to clinical practice experience
Process of formal education structured for nursing practice
34
Select all the possible reservoirs of infection.....
Chlorinated swimming pool
Raw sewage
Diapers
Animals
Human body
Disinfected/sterilized surgical instruments
35
Sources of noise pollution (select all that apply)
Barking dog
Garbage trucks/ construction vehicles
Jet planes
Road traffic
Whistling neighbor
Children playground noise
36
Select all the factors that increase a client's risk for infection.....
Chronic diseases
Chronic allergies and exposure to allergens
Smoking, substance abuse and multiple sex partners
Dry, intact skin
Very young children and older adults
Compromised immune system
37
Select all the factors that make microbes favor the human body as a reservoir of infection.....
Microbes that thrive at the same temperature as humans
Microbes that thrive in cooler temperatures than the human body
Microbes that thrive in typical levels of human electrolytes
Microbes that thrive in a pH of around 7.4
Microbes that thrive in high salinity
Microbes that thrive in unusually dry spaces
38
Select all the factors that can cause dry mouth
Mouth breathing
Poor oral hygiene
Heavy alcohol consumption
Heavy cigarette smoking
Excess salt intake
Certain medications
39
Normal flora is nonpathogenic microorganisms that help control growth of pathogenic microorganisms.
True
False
40
Select all assessments the nurse should make of a patient's hair
Amount of hair spray to maintain a style
Inspect for dandruff, pediculosis, alopecia, secretions or lesions
History or presence of disease/therapy that may affect hair (chemotherapy)
Length of patient's hair and how quickly it grows
41
Select all the types of nursing diagnoses.....
Syndrome
Deviation from norm
Wellness
Risk of / for potential
Unknown outcome
Actual
42
Some procedures require both standard precautions and sterile technique
False
True
43
A major concern in healthcare is poor compliance with hand hygiene select reasons this occurs....
Nurses do not value the importance
Apathy
Lack of time
If the Physicians are not performing, it is not important for this patient
Availability of sinks / hand disinfectant
Understaffing
44
What are the most common poisonous agents ingested by children? Select all that apply
Carbonated drinks
Medications
Indoor house plants
Dog food
Household cleaners
Alcohol
45
Select all the links in the chain of infection....
Daily bathing of patient
Infectious agent
Good hand hygiene
Reservoir
Portal of exit and portal of entry
Mode of transmission
46
_________ is a structured communication technique that improves communication between healthcare providers
Shift / transfer of care handoff
SBAR - Situation, Background, Assessment and Recommendation
Warm Handoff - Report with patient's input
The 4 P's: Patient, Progress, Precautions and Plan
47
Many "never events" can be prevented by good nursing care.
True
False
48
Select all the guidelines for good body alignment......
Push, slide or pull heavy objects instead of lifting when possible
When reaching below the hips, always bend from the waist
Minimize twisting
When lifting / moving heavy objects hold them away from the body
Stand in good alignment with a wide base of support
Squat to lift heavy objects from the floor
49
Select all the disadvantages of computerized and standardized are plan......
Time Savings
Miss unique needs of patient
Miss meeting NANDA criteria
Loss of nurse creativity
50
Ch. 20 What is a pathogen? (select all that apply)
Fungi
Viruses
Topical Vitiligo
Indigestion
Allergens
Bacteria
51
What is clinical judgement when applied to a client? (select all that apply)
Consideration of the client's condition
Consideration the client's medication regimen and evaluation
Consideration of the client's family dynamics
Execution of the nursing curricula in clinical environment
Assessing pt cues, prioritizing and generating solutions & eval. outcomes
Consideration of the nurses educational and skill acquisition
52
The nursing diagnosis step is critical to the other phases of the nursing process.
True
False
53
Select all the health promotion activities....
Getting adequate rest and nutrition
Encouraging frequent handwashing
Getting additional rest
Activities that foster the highest state of well-being
Increasing fluids and taking medications as prescribed
Thoroughly washing glasses, utensils and dishes with hot soapy water
54
The physical skills are performed in order of inspection, palpation, percussion, auscultation except abdominal assess.
False
True
55
A patient with cirrhosis of the liver has hepatic impairment. This will require what changes to meds. (Select all)
Increased frequency of monitoring of patient for adverse effects
Giving all medications by Intravenous
A reduction in the dosage of the drugs
Giving all medications by intramuscular injection
An increased dosage of medications
A change in the timing of medication administration
56
Ch. 4 Mechanistic nursing is ....... select all that apply
Meeting the needs of the whole person
Caring processes and interventions
Getting the nursing tasks done
Properly administering all patient medications
57
Select all the functions of the skin.
Blood flow throughout the body
Temperature regulation
Sensation
Oxygenation
Protection
Formation of Vitamin D
58
Select all the components of nurse caring.....
Sharing past nursing experiences
Doing for
Clinical aptitude
Knowing (understanding their perspective)
Being with
Enabling
59
A major cause of injury from motor vehicle accident is from the airbag when child is riding in the front seat
True
False
60
Select all the advanced practice clinical roles for the registered nurse.
Nurse Practitioner (NP)
Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetists (CRNA)
Physician Assistant
Certified RN IV
Scrub Technologist First Assistant (CSTFA)
Clinical Nurse Specialists (CNS)
61
What are the precautions to take when evaluating the carotid arteries?
Always check bilaterally the carotids for equal strength and rhythm
Never palpate both carotid arteries at the same time
Routinely palpate the carotids once establish baseline
Never massage the artery as you palpate
62
What specific measures would you discuss with a 9 month-old's mother to prevent choking... select all that apply
Only feed child finger foods
Inspect toys for small removable parts
Ensure plastic bags are stored out of reach of children
Do not give child hard candy, popcorn, grapes, marshmallows or nuts
63
CH. 19 What is the purpose of the physical assessment? Select all that apply
Obtain baseline data about the patient
Screen for new and monitor current client condition
Assist physician with diagnosing patient
Support nursing care and development of nursing diagnosis
64
What instructions should you give a paitent who is taking sublingual medication? (select all that apply)
Measure the dosage with the calibrated cup at eye level
Should not chew or swallow it whole
Rinse mouth with water after administration
Hold it under your tongue until it completely dissolves
65
The tongue and teeth begin the digestion process.
False
True
66
Where is the best site to visualize jaundice?
Patient's feet
Nail beds and skin color
Sclera of the eyes
Oral mucous membranes
67
Drugs are classified by their teratogenic risk and Category A is safest and Category X are the most dangerous to fetus
False
True
68
Healthy nails are usually clean, smooth and convexly curved.
False
True
69
What factors affect drug absorption?
Larger drug molecules are absorbed quicker
Lower concentration to obtain effect
Patient's age, sex, disease process, physical activity and level of stress
Route of drug solubility
Route of administration
The rate of dissolution
70
Select all the main concepts of the full spectrum model of nursing
Theoretical knowledge
Caring
Nursing expectations
Context (client situation)
Thinking
Doing
71
A clinical pathway guideline provides better support for an intervention than an agency's critical pathway.
False
True
72
Primary effects of medications are unintended and non-therapeutic effects
True
False
73
What measures should a nurse take to reduce back injuries? Select all that apply...
Consistently use assistive devices when moving patients
Seek assistance from only really strong staff
Refuse to lift a patient
Work out and increase your personal strength
Follow proper body mechanics when moving patients
Raise the bed to proper work height
74
Select all the measures that could help strengthen nursing classification as a profession....
Enact uniform continuing education requirements
Educate the public about the true nature of nursing practice
Standardize the educational requirements for entry into practice
Continue nursing as an hourly wage with employer deciding work conditions
75
The Controlled Substances Act categorizes drugs Schedule I thru V. Schedule V are the most tightly controlled
False
True
76
What are the signs and symptoms of a fracture? (select all that apply)
Deformity of the area
Swellng of the surrounding tissue
Tenderness at the site
Diminished function
Loss of function
Swelling only at the fracture site
77
What part of a sterile field are considered unsterile?
The one inch margin around the edges of the field
The sterile field that is in constant visualization
The sterile gloves after donning
Any area that becomes wet
78
Select the original levels of Maslow's basic human needs.....
Love and belonging
Self-actualization
Caring and comfort when ill
Ongoing education and cerebral stimulation
Safety and security
Physiological
79
Select all the aspects that define clinical reasoning....
Reliance on past clinical experiences in decision making
The application of knowledge, information from various sources
Recognizing the need for more information
Process of synthesizing knowledge and information from numerous sources
80
What are the rights of medication administration - select all that apply
Right time
Right patient
Right dose
Right absorption
Right medication
Right MAR
81
Select all that will impact an uninsured person's health status....
Less likely to seek medical treatment
Easier access to health screening services
Less likely to receive necessary post hospitalization care and follow up
More likely to seek medical treatment
82
What is the universal sign of choking?
Jumping up and down
Waving arms frantically overhead
Hands over mouth
Grasping one's neck with both hands
83
Ch. 21 What are some important developmental considerations when providing safe care to a preschool child? Select all...
Monitor for choking hazards as they put everything in their mouth
Monitor child - they need constant supervision esp. fire, poisoning
Ensure they lay prone when putting to bed
Supervision of outside play esp. streets and play equip.
Water Safety - Prevention drowning
Keep cords wound up or put away, electrical outlets covered with safety cap
84
Select the effects of immobility on the GI system.....
Slowed digestion
Increased appetite
Extreme result is paralytic ileus
Accelerates peristalsis
85
The pharmacokinetic processes are.... (select all that apply)
Metabolism
Primary effects
Distribution
Absorption
Interaction with target cell
Excretion
86
Select all the measures that decrease the likelihood of infections....
Obesity
Immunizations
Constant high stress
Good personal hygiene
Short, clean fingernails
Adequate/appropriate rest and physical activity
87
What is the most common hernia occurring in male clients?
Inguinal hernia
Hiatal hernia
Lumbar disc herniation
Femoral hernia
88
Skin is the body's primary defense mechanisms to prevent entry of pathogens into the body.
True
False
89
Select all appropriate bed positioning devices in the hospital setting.
Gait belt
Pillows
Restraints
Trapeze
90
There are never any economic or living environmental factors that impact one's bathing frequency.
False
True
91
CH. 29 The four components of body mechanicsh are... (select all that apply)
Joint mobility
Body alignment
Balance
Muscle strength
Coordination
Spinal cord adaptability
92
Before delivering drugs by the enteral route, the nurse should evaluate which of the following.
Ability of the patient to swallow
Ability of the patient to lie supine
Compatibility of the drug with intravenous fluids
Last location of the injection site
93
The IOM states core competencies a nurse must possess to deliver safe effective nursing care (select all that apply)
Provide goal-directed, client- centered care
Work collaboratively in nursing teams independent of other hospital teams
Provide client-centered care
Follow all physician orders as outlined
Apply quality improvement
Employ evidence-based practice
94
Select all factors that are part of the Morse Fall Assessment
Patient uses ambulation aids
Patient with IV or heparin lock
Patient with altered mental status
Change in BP from hypertension to within normal limits
Person has a history of falling
One medical diagnosis
95
Select all the measures to teach a client in the community to help avoid infection....
Carry and use hand sanitizer anytime you touch any surfaces or people
Insist others wear masks
Wash hands frequently and avoid touching surfaces in public bathrooms
Avoid/eliminate contact with others with fever or illness symptoms
Avoid excess hand sanitizer as is very drying to skin causing small cracks
Frequently shake others hands and then clean when get home
96
The nurse reads that a drug has a 'narrow therapeutic index' this means that the drug has what properties?
Has a narrow segment of the population whom the drug will work as desired
Has narrow safety margin- small increases may produce adverse/toxic effect
Has a narrow range of conditions/diseases that it will be expected to treat
It has a narrow range of effectiveness it may not give the desired response
97
The aging process can result in sensory loss or physiological changes leading to weakness and gait instability.
False
True