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AP World History Periods 1-3 Flashcards | StudBud
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AP World History Periods 1-3
AP World History Periods 1-3
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1
The Eastern portion of the Roman empire
Competed with the Parthians and Sassanids for trade
Didn't experience pressure from invaders
Successfully restored the boundaries of the Western empire
Was a center of trade, art, and architecture
2
The English and French engaged in rivalries over territory in
East Africa
North Africa
Indonesia
China
3
The influence of nomadic peoples in Eurasia
Brought efficient administration to Eurasia
Created a relationship between nomads and settled peoples
Ended with the Mongols
Delayed the interaction of global commercial networks
4
Egyptian trade
Weakend after the opening of the Suez Canal
Didn't suffer from competition with Europe
Was dependent on the exportation of a single crop
Improved as a result of Muhammad Ali's policies
5
The Abbasid dynasty
Healed the rift between Sunnis and Shi'ites
Creates a social rift between Arabs and new converts
Proved the high point of Muslim cultural achievement
6
The Ottoman empire
Weakend because its technology fell behind that of Europe
Unlike the Mughal empire, was not a gun powder empire
Reached its height around 1750
Was unsuccessful in controlling European territory
7
The natives of North America
Established tribute empires
Used architectural designs similar to those of Mesoamerica
Build empires on the scale of those of Mesoamerica
8
Silk road trade
Established links between the empires of Han China and Rome
Bypassed Mesopotamia
Florished despite constant interferences from nomadic tribes
Was confined to land routes across Asia
9
Compaired to the Viets, the Chinese were more
Urbanized
Interested in trade
Agrarian
Ethnically diverse
10
The Columbian exchange
Created both positive and adverse effects on population
Didn't involve Africa
Drew the world's oceans into an active trade network
Improved the nutrition of American indigenous peoples
11
Under both the Han and Roman empires
All of the above
A time of peace settled over both empires
New territories were added to the empire
Imperial roads were connected to the Silk Roads
12
The position of Chinese women
Changed markedly between the 7th and 13th centuries
Resulted in greater freedoms under Neo-Confucianism
Was defined by Confucianism
Was more restrictive under the Tang than under the Song
13
The position of the Chinese scholar-gentry
Weekend efforts to curb nomadic invasions
Was admired by the Vietnamese
Declined during the Song Dynasty
Was mimicked by the Japanese
14
Early societies of South America
Traded widely with regions to their north
Built upon Mesoamerican cultural traditions
Was challenged by geographic limitations
Developed societies that had no knowledge of metals
15
The decline of Han China
Like Rome, saw invaders permanently dominate the empire
Resulted in the decline of Buddhism in China
Sae the end of Chinese established traditions
Saw Daoism, rather than Confucianism, gaining popularity
16
Early medieval Europe's strongest state was
England
France
The Holy Roman Empire
The Papal States
17
Buddhism
Changed to teach that common people could reach nirvana
Was the adopted faith of Gupta rulers
Opposed Confucian ideals of patriarchal families
18
Within Africa, the slave trade
Had little effect on central African kingdoms
Increased African dependence on European nations
Promoted unity amoung African kingdoms
Decreased the value of women slaves
19
During the agricultural revolution, women
Observed and studied the agricultural environment
Experienced a decrease in status
Participated in hunting activities with men
Weren't represented in neolithic art
20
Compared to the trans-Atlantic slave trade, that of eastern Africa
Involved only European nations
Didn't involve central Africa
acquired slaves from coastal areas only
Also involved the plantation system
21
Interactions between Muslims and Europeans during the 1600's are most commonly found in the
Pacific ocean
Atlantic ocean
Indian Ocean
Arctic Ocean
22
The area in which Islam showed the most change during the 7th to the 15th centuries was in
The development of the shariah
It's treatment toward People of the Book
The role of women
The status of slaves
23
The Indus Valley civilization
Is the best studied through it's written records
Relied heavily on communal planning
Declined after the arrival of Aryan invaders
Was isolated from other River Valley civilizations
24
The rule of classical India included
Aryan agricultural knowledge
The Aryan writing language
Vedic traditional literature
The egalitarian Aryan society
25
Which of the American peoples was closest to the Persians in their administrative style?
The Aztecs
The Mayas
The Mississippians
The Incas
26
Confucianism and early Buddhism
Did not believe that their founders were gods
Included a belief in nirvana
Became the dominant philosophy of their respective regions
Emphasized the importance of effective government
27
The early civilization with the least-developed technology was
Egyptian
Harrapan
Sumerian
Mesoamerican
28
The 15th century was characterized by
The beginning of nation-states in Italy and Germany
The strengthening of nation-states in England and France
The decentralization of political power in Spain
29
The nation-state
Promoted harmony among Europeans
Arose in Europe because of its diversity of cultural groups
Was incompatible with absolute monarchies
Was embraced by the Ottoman empire
30
The declining years of Han China and the Roman empire shared all of the following EXCEPT
Attack by powerful neighboring states
Poor harvests
Epidemic disease
Unequal land distribution
31
The African slave trade
Had no ties to Middle Eastern trade
Was abolished by the Dutch in southern Africa
Was frequently the result of African rivalries
Was limited to the Atlantic ocean
32
Attempts to save the Roman empire from ruin included
The division of the latifundia
The establishment of a new capital in the eastern empire
The emancipation of Roman slaves
33
European exploration through the mid-15th century
Suffered from a lack of technological expertise
Depended upon the knowledge of the eastern world
Produced intense rivalries with East Asian civilizations
Placed merchants in conflict with monarchs
34
An example of diffusion rather than independent invention is the
Origin of the Greek alphabet
Cultivation of the banana in southeast Asia
Sumerian use of the wheel
Mayan concept of zero as a place holder
35
Hinduism
Addressed the consequences of one's behavior
Was based on traditions of the Harappan civilization
Gained little acceptance outside India
Offered no hope from members of lower castes
36
Aztec and Inca religions
Restricted the worship of subject peoples
Stressed a personal relationship with their gods
Placed women in a subordinate position
Reflected the agrarian nature of their respective societies
37
When the Portuguese first became involved in the slave trade
They were interested primarily in gold and spices
They created the African slave trade
They were on interested in Christianizing African peoples
They were amazed at the poverty of African kingdoms
38
During the Gupta dynasty
The government of India became more centralized
Slavery increased
Hinduism and Buddhism became the official religions of India
Arabic numerals originated in India
39
The Egyptian civilization was similar to the Sumerian civilization in
Its system of social stratification
Its reliance on natural defense barriers
Its extent to which its culture was diffused
Its political structure
40
The Neolithic age
Saw a decline in global populations
Saw agriculture carried out without the use of metal tools
Saw the beginnings of urbanization
Produced societlies without class distinctions
41
From the time of the Roman Republic to the Pax Romana
Rome became increasingly democratic
The territory of Rome continued to expand
Roman civilization became increasingly weaker
Roman citizenship became increasingly rare
42
The Black Death
Was most devastating in north Africa
Changed the course of political institutions
Originated in Europe
Spread solely along routes of Mongol conquest
43
Shang China
Was less urbanized than the Nile Valley civilization
Was prevented by natural barriers from trading
Contributed to the development of China's central government
Left no decipherable written records
44
Compared to the Spanish Empire, that of the Portuguese
Developed a more egalitarian society
Was more global in its extent
Developed a better relationship with Indian inhabitants
Was less influenced by the Roman Catholic Church
45
All of the following Chinese traditions and achievements began under the Han dynasty EXCEPT
Confucian philosophy
The civil service exam
Paper manufacture
Expansion into central Asia
46
African kingdoms in the period from 1450 to 1750
Like the Chinese, weren't interested in European trade goods
Frequently enslaved their own people
Participated in slave trade before the arrival of Europeans
Featured monarchs ruled without advisers
47
The agricultural revolution
occurred about the same time throughout the world
was an abrupt process beginning in 8000 BCE
Saw the use of agricultural methods that inspired migration
began with an extensive pattern of cultural diffusion
48
Greek society
Was unified by the geography of the Greek peninsula
Was extended through overseas colonization
Was disrupted by the conquest of Alexander
Extended the democratic ideal by relying on free labor alone
49
The trans-Atlantic slave trade
Increased after the establishment of sugar plantations
Carried more women than men
carried the majority of slaves to North America
50
European explorations
Promoted harmony among the nations of Europe
Were dependent on European technological innovation
Concentrated on the Americas
Sought to break established trade monopolies
51
Japanese feudalism
Brought a temporary end to internal conflicts
Saw the beginnings of a centralized Japan
Revolve around the power of the samurai as warlords
United peasants and elite classes
52
During the classical period, Africa
Saw new technology used in trans-Saharan travel
Lost contact with classical civilizations
Repelled Christian missionary efforts
Was cut off from global trade patterns
53
Medieval Europe
Saw the rise of universities
Developed banking institutions from multicultural contacts
Extended to local schools found on the manor
Produced urban areas that rivaled those of European empires
54
As a result of hemispheric trade between 1450 and 1750
European wealth and commercial dominance increased
The entire globe was linked by numerous active trade routes
The work of African artisans found new markets
55
Under Mongol rule in China
Chinese women were placed in a more subordinate position
Chinese educational traditions were maintained
Japan and Vietnam were brought under Mongol control
Chinese regional rulers were allowed to govern
56
During the middle ages, the concept of limited government with the most clearly in
England
Italy
Germany
France
57
The Five Pillars
Provide unity within Islam
Are inattentive to distinctions in social class
Are included in the Quran
58
The declining years of the Qing dynasty saw
The long-term acceptance of the self-strengthening movement
The end of the opium trade
Invasion by nomadic people north of the Great Wall
The influence of foreign nations
59
Trade among the peoples of the Americas
Was most similar in the Aztec and Toltec societies
Remained local
Was facilitated in the Andes by geography
United the Chimor and Inca people
60
The decline of Gupta India
Didn't result in the fragmentation of the country
Resulted in the decline of traditional Indian culture
Saw the increased power of local princes
Occurred without pressure from invading peoples
61
Both the Aztecs and Incas
Integrated conquered peoples into their empire
Allowed women a significant role in public life
Were originally nomadic people
Built on the traditions of their predecessors
62
Both Hinduism and Buddhism
Became increasingly popular in India
Revered women
Supported the caste system
None of the above
63
Indian Ocean trade
Saw mariners use the geographic forces of the Indian Ocean
Failed to establish connections with land routes
Linked all areas of the Indian Ocean basin except Africa
Declined with the fall of classical empires
64
Early urban dwellers
Left the religious practices to agricultural peoples
Saw the need for a government
Were offered few chances to carry out specialized tasks
Were dominated by people in agricultural settlements
65
Mercantilism
Encouraged the importation of foreign goods
Supported free trade
Brought long-term prosperity to Europe
Sparked further rivalries among European nations
66
The Netherlands established commercial/colonial interests in all of the following areas EXCEPT
Southern Africa
North America
Western Africa
Japan
67
The end of the trans-Atlantic slave trade
Received widespread support of African kings
Was resisted by Great Britain
Occurred about the time of the emancipation of Russian surfs
Began with Brazil
68
The Mughal empire
Failed to ease tensions between Hindus and Muslims in India
Controlled the entire Indian subcontinent
Produced art and architecture that reflected syncretism
69
The Persians
Introduced a religion similar to the structure of Hinduism
Continued the traditions of ancient Mesopotamia
Failed to establish a unified empire
Were noted for their harsh treatment toward conquered people
70
Earliest civilizations in both the Eastern and Western hemispheres were similar in
Their location at similar latitudes
Their technological knowledge
Their practice of polytheism
Their reliance on the flooding of major rivers
71
Results of cultural diffusion among early civilizations included
The invention of the wheel
The legend of Quetzalcoatl
Harappan sewage systems
The cultivation of potatoes
72
Sugar plantations
Especially valued slaves from Western Africa
Were initially founded in the Caribbean
Were the ultimate destination of the first Portuguese slaves
73
Daoism and Confucianism
Taught that political involvement was essential to a society
Based their teachings on Chinese traditions
Disagreed on the need for personal reflection
Agreed on the importance of education
74
During the period of the late Roman empire, Christianity
Became less organized as the empire fell
Declined in numbers because of persecutions
Appealed primarily to elite classes
Experienced a change in its official status
75
The Renaissance
What is a movement of uniquely Western origins
Was a result of the crusades
Began in the Eastern Roman empire
Represented a complete break from medieval traditions
76
As a new faith, Islam gained strength
Within portions of the former Roman Empire
Because of rules of succession
First in Mecca, then throughout the Arabian peninsula
77
The period of greatest population decline in Europe during the Middle Ages was
The 10th to 13th centuries
The 5th and 6th centuries
The 14th century
The 15th century
78
Christianity
Failed to utilize the public works of the Roman empire
Remained a religion of the Roman empire
Taught the forgiveness of sins through faith in Jesus
Was not a missionary religion
79
The Ottoman Empire
Supported policies that benefited local artisans
Refused to accept foreign loans
Resisted economic reforms
Saw trade between non-Muslims and European merchants
80
One of the weaknesses of the early Muslim empires was
Indifference to the Sunni and Shi'ite split
Disregard for the cultural traditions of conquered peoples
Insistance on conversion of non-Arabs within the empire
Failure to resolve questions of succession
81
The Aztec and Inca civilizations differed most significantly in their
System of recordkeeping
Social structure
Technological skill
Religious institutions
82
Muhammad
Built on the religious traditions of the Arabian Peninsula
Established clear class distinctions for Islamic society
Made provisions for the future leadership of Islam
