EXAM 1 REVIEW

Question 1

How did Pasteur's swan-neck flask improve upon previous experiments on spontaneous generation?

Accepted Answer

It allowed the boiled broth to remain exposed to air

Question 2

Excitation wavelength < Emission wavelength in fluorescence microscopy.

Accepted Answer

True

Question 3

Which of the following is a function of membrane proteins.

Accepted Answer

all of the above

Question 4

The structure below is peptidoglycan. Which of the numbered structures are different between E. coli and S. aureus?

Accepted Answer

3 and 6

Question 5

Dark field microscopy can resolve very thin objects like flagella or spirochetes.

Accepted Answer

True

Question 6

Viruses are measured in nm and bacteria are measured in μm

Accepted Answer

True

Question 7

What is the significance of having capsule in a bacterial cell?

Accepted Answer

it protects a cell from phagocytosis

Question 8

Immersion oil ______ resolution of an image because it has a ______ numerical aperture than glass.

Accepted Answer

increases; higher

Question 9

A student cannot visualize any bacteria on the slide after a Gram stain of s. aureus and e. coli. What error was made?

Accepted Answer

the student forgot to heat fix the slide

Question 10

The numerical aperture of light that enters substance at θ=66° is 1.197. What is the substance?

Accepted Answer

ice

Question 11

Which of these numerical apertures and light wavelength combinations will result in the best resolution?

Accepted Answer

N.A. = 1.6, wavelength = 310 nm

Question 12

What kind of microscopy was used to generate these images?

Accepted Answer

Phase contrast

Question 13

Which of the following is an exception to the definition of a microbe

Accepted Answer

All of the above

Question 14

Who proposed Endosymbiotic Theory?

Accepted Answer

Lynn Margulis

Question 15

Which of the following is something to consider when preparing a wet mount?

Accepted Answer

all of the above

Question 16

If you switch from low (10X) to high (100X) magnification objective lens, the light cone __, and N.A. becomes?

Accepted Answer

widens; higher

Question 17

Polar or charged molecules can diffuse freely through the membrane via passive transport.

Accepted Answer

False

Question 18

What is shown in this image?

Accepted Answer

ribosomes translating mRNA

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT an exception to Koch's Postulates?

Accepted Answer

many microbes are nonpathogenic

Question 20

What is the definition of parfocal?

Accepted Answer

the ability to change objective lenses and remain in focus

Question 21

Which of the following is not true?

Accepted Answer

bacteria and archaea are more closely related to each other than to eukarya

Question 22

What is the counterstain for a Gram stain?

Accepted Answer

safranin

Question 23

What is the definition of numerical aperature?

Accepted Answer

the ability of a substance to gather light

Question 24

The resolution of the human retina is about 150 μm.

Accepted Answer

True

Question 25

What is unique about Mycoplasma species?

Accepted Answer

they contain mycolic acids, they are naturally resistant to penicillin and its derivatives, they lack a cell wall

Question 26

Which of the following statements is correct about a patient who died from endotoxin?

Accepted Answer

The patient had antibiotic treatment against Gram-negative bacteria

Question 27

What is the antigen portion of LPS?

Accepted Answer

O-polysaccharide side chain

Question 28

Which of the following definitions is mismatched?

Accepted Answer

TEM: provides external details in 3D

Question 29

What kind of microscopy was used to generate this image?

Accepted Answer

TEM

Question 30

What kind of bacteria are shown on this slide?

Accepted Answer

Gram positive rods

Question 31

All bacteria contain peptidoglycan.

Accepted Answer

False

Question 32

What is number 6 in a Gram positive cell?

Accepted Answer

pentaglycine bridge

Question 33

Based on the information provided in the table below, which of the following is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Bacterium B will stain purple with gram stain

Question 34

Which of the following is true about the Gram-positive cell walls?

Accepted Answer

It is made up of three or more layers of peptidoglycan

Question 35

Which of these numerical apertures and light wavelength combinations will result in the best resolution?

Accepted Answer

N.A. = 1.4, wavelength = 540 nm

Question 36

Who disproved spontaneous generation?

Accepted Answer

Louis Pasteur

Question 37

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) has a higher magnification than Transmission electron microscopy (TEM).

Accepted Answer

False

Question 38

What did Carl Woese use to distinguish Archaea and Bacteria?

Accepted Answer

16s rRNA

Question 39

Based on the information provided in the table below, when properly gram-stained, Bacterium A and Bacterium B will have:

Accepted Answer

Pink and purple color, respectively

Question 40

Septation completes cell division.

Accepted Answer

True

Question 41

What was Frederick Griffith's contribution to microbiology?

Accepted Answer

he discovered transformation in bacteria

Question 42

What is the definition of refraction?

Accepted Answer

the bending of light as it enters a substance that decreases its speed

Question 43

What is number 2 in a Gram positive cell?

Accepted Answer

D-Ala

Question 44

Teichoic acids attach to NAM or the D-alanine component of a Gram negative cell wall.

Accepted Answer

False

Question 45

Archaea have ether bonds and bacteria have ester bonds.

Accepted Answer

True

Question 46

What is the minimum size of known microbial cells?

Accepted Answer

0.2 µm

Question 47

The first vaccination was performed by ____, and the first antibiotic was discovered by _____.

Accepted Answer

Edward Jenner; Alexander Flemming

Question 48

Which molecule is the base of the tetrapeptide chain in peptidoglycan?

Accepted Answer

NAM

Question 49

What kind of microscopy was used to generate this image?

Accepted Answer

SEM

Question 50

Why could Sergei Winogradsky NOT use Koch's Postulates to discover lithotrophs?

Accepted Answer

Lithotrophs do not result in disease

Question 51

Which of the following is evidence for the Endosymbiotic Theory?

Accepted Answer

Both A and C

Question 52

What is the largest magnification possible for a microscope that you use in lab?

Accepted Answer

1000x

Question 53

Who developed the first vaccines based on attenuated strains?

Accepted Answer

Louis Pasteur

Question 54

Who build the first compound microscope?

Accepted Answer

Robert Hooke

Question 55

Robert Koch failed to consider which of the following when proposing his postulates in 1880:

Accepted Answer

All of the Above

Question 56

The resolution of a compound microscope is 0.2 μm

Accepted Answer

True

Question 57

Who created the three-domain model of life that we use today?

Accepted Answer

Carl Woese

Question 58

Gram negative bacteria have a more complex cell wall than Gram positive bacteria.

Accepted Answer

True

Question 59

What is an example of a differential stain?

Accepted Answer

Acid Fast, Gram stain

Question 60

A bacterium Gram stains pink. Which of the following is FALSE about the organism?

Accepted Answer

it does not contain peptidoglycan

Question 61

What is the best explanation for a Gram-negative bacterium appearing purple after performing a Gram stain?

Accepted Answer

ethanol was washed away too early

EXAM 1 REVIEW

Questions 61

EXAM 1 REVIEW

Questions 61