PSYC 1101 Exam 2 Review

Process by which the brain organizes and interprets sensory information & we can recognize meaningful objects/ events

Human brains are wired similarly, this is supported by (select all that apply)

Which parenting style is unrestraining, making few demands, set few limits, and little punishment?

The way of thinking that judges the likelihood of events based on how well they seem to represent particular prototypes

Describe the formal operational stage (select all the apply)

The part of the eye that is light-sensitive, contains receptor rods and cones, & begins processing visual information

What is the tendency to search for information that supports our preconceptions, ignoring contrary evidence?

What is the way an issue is posed, significantly affecting decisions and judgments?

It's difficult to learn a new language in adulthood because our brain's critical period in language is during childhood

Generalization is the learned ability to distinguish between a conditioned stimulus & other irrelevant stimuli.

Which of Erikson's stages focuses on identity vs. role confusion, refining sense of self by testing roles?

What concept describes which traits persist through life compared to how we change with age?

Women worldwide outlive men by 4.7 years

Describe the concrete operational stage (select all that apply)

Negative reinforcement increases behavior by presenting a pleasurable stimulus (Ex. paid for work)

Which principle of grouping do we use to group nearby figures together. Ex. we see 6 separate lines as 3 sets of 2 lines

Whorf's hypothesis that language determines the way we think is linguistic relativism

Erikson's stage of toddlerhood focuses on the issue of initiative vs. guilt

What is the process of conditioning that is described as the diminishing of a conditioned response?

Which type of processing starts at your sensory receptors and works up to brain's integration of sensory information?

Which type of processing constructs perceptions form sensory input by drawing on experiences and expectations?

The Harlows' studies of attachment in monkeys showed that nourishment is preferred over comfort

What is creative thinking that expands the number of possible problem solutions?

The part of the eye around which the eye's cones cluster and is the central focal point in the retina

A dog's response to food is an example of

What concept describes the parts of develop that are gradual compared to the parts that change abruptly?

Which parenting style is coercive, imposing rules and expecting obedience?

Which of the following is associated with classical conditioning? (select all that apply)

Which of the following is associated with operant conditioning? (select all that apply)

Frequency determines the loudness of sound & amplitude determines the pitch

Kinesthesia is our movement sense - system for sensing the position and movement of individual body parts

A focus on learning and growing rather than viewing abilities as fixed, can develop more resilience in youth

Perception of gold & white or blue & black dress is explained by individual differences in brain's lighting assumptions

Which grouping principle fills in gaps to create a complete, whole object. Ex. 3 circles blocked by illusory triangle

Theory that retina contains 3 different types of color receptors and can produce the perception of any color

The process by which sensory receptors and nervous system receive and represent stimulus energies from our environment

Describe the case of Kenneth Parks (select all that apply)

Which of the following describes the adapting of our current understandings to incorporate new information?

Partial reinforcement only reinforces a response part of the time; slower acquisition but more resistance to extinction

What is the stage in classical conditioning, described as initial learning of the stimulus-response relationship?

Which reinforcement schedule is every so often? For example, discounts on Tuesdays

Which of Kohlberg's levels focuses on actions that reflect belief in basic rights? Ex. people have rights

Which of the following is NOT a way to boost your creativity according to research?

Which reinforcement schedule is unpredictably often? For example, checking your phone for messages

Principle of grouping: perceive smooth, continuous patterns. Ex. seeing one wavy & one straight line, not semicircles

What is the concept of how our heredity interacts with our experiences?

What are some gender differences in intelligence (select all that apply)

Heuristics describe a methodical procedure that guarantees solving a particular problem, requiring time and effort

Which reinforcement schedule is every so many? For example, buy 10 coffees get one free

Which reinforcement schedule is after an unpredictable number? For example, playing slot machines

Which parenting style is confrontive, both demanding and responsive, set rules, and encourage open discussions?

Continuous reinforcement is reinforcing the desired response every time it occurs

Which of Erikson's stage focuses on generativity vs. stagnation, discovers a sense of contributing to the world?

Theory that opposing retinal processes enable color vision (Ex. red-green & white-black)

Spontaneous recovery is the reappearance, after a pause, of an extinguished conditioned response

Describe the sensorimotor stage (select all that apply)

Positive punishment is administers an aversive stimulus (Ex. traffic ticket)

Which of the following are included in Sternberg's 5 components of creativity? (select all that apply)

Which part of the eye carries neural impulses from the eye to the brain; known as an "information highway"

Research has split two groups into visual and auditory learners, proving they perform better in their learning style

Which of the following is associated with observational learning? (select all that apply)

We locate sound from sound waves striking one ear sooner and more intensely than the other

Frontal lobe area that helps control language expression by directing muscle movements involved with speech

Which of the following describes a concept or framework that organizes and interprets information?

From 1950 to 2015, worldwide life expectancy at birth increased from 50 to 73 years old

Describe the preoperational stage (select all the apply)

The part of the eye that focuses light rays into an image by changing curvature and thickness

Judging the likelihood of events based on availability in memory; instances come readily to mind, we presume as common

What's the biological growth processes that enable orderly changes in behavior, relatively uninfluenced by experiences?

Select the following characteristics that apply to heritability

Describe the George Franklin murder case (select all that apply)

What is the self-confirming concern that one will be evaluated based on a negative stereotype?

Brain area involved in language comprehension and expression

Which of the following describes the interpreting of new experiences in terms of our existing schemas?

Which parenting style is uninvolved, careless, inattentive, and neither demanding nor responsive?