Geology 101 Final Exam Review Part 2 - Electric Boogaloo

This depositional landform is composed of extensive blankets of silt once carried in suspension by the wind

Deserts & steppes have water deficiencies because....

Most weather in Earth's atmosphere occurs in this layer....

What type of fault is this?

Snow/ice crystals become more dense & compact the deeper you go into a glacier.

Valley glaciers create sharp and angular topography like hanging valleys and truncated spurs.

Mountainous regions can contribute to dry areas via rainshadows.

This theory, which is the major underpinning of geologic processes, provides the model for orogenesis

Tensional/Extensional Stress is associated with what type of faulting?

Stress that is applied uniformly in all directions is called differential stress

Continental volcanic arcs and volcanic island arcs differ in...

Ice under pressure behaves as a plastic material causing glacial ice to move as a flow more on top & in the middle.

Examples of paleoclimatology using proxy data include (can select several)

Where do most earthquakes on Earth occur?

Glaciers encompass which two basic cycles?

Which of the 3 seismic wave types arrive first at a recording station & tend to have the lowest amplitude?

What type of fault is this?

What is a seiche?

Earthquake destruction is dependent on...

What is the main difference between glacial till & stratified drift?

Strike-slip (Transform) faults have a hanging wall and footwall

Deformed rocks that "snap back" to their original position after rock breakage is called

__________ is defined as ground shaking caused by sudden and rapid movement of one block of rock sliding past another

What is the difference between brittle & ductile deformation?

The terms hypocenter and epicenter mean the same thing

The footwall is on the....

Earthquake intensity scales are qualitative - not mathematical

Pick the two answers that describe how transportation of sediment by wind differs from that of water

Old lithospheric material is warm, thin and subducts at shallow angles.

These types of streams only carry water in response to specific rainfall periods & are responsible for desert erosion.

What is forced out when glacial ice forms from snow moving to firn?

The hotter the body, the __________ the wavelengths of maximum radiation are & the more total energy radiated.

Strike & dip lines are perpendicular to each other when drawn on a map.

Causes of glacial/interglacial periods include....

Suspended loads from wind transport can move across oceans to other continents.

This diagram shows a __________ with the __________ layers in the center.

These form fan-shaped deposits of sediment at the base of hills and mountains.

Along the ground, glacial ice masses slide in a process called _________.

These are small earthquakes that follow major earthquakes

If you see a boulder in Central Park, NYC, you are likely looking at a _________.

Loss of ice at the lower end of a glacier is called...

Anticlines & Synclines are examples of brittle deformation features.

Which of the 2 body waves can travel through solid material only?

Loosely packed, waterlogged sediments behaving as a fluid in an earthquake is called ______________

Young lithospheric material that is subducting....

What type of fault is this?

Wind is responsible most of the erosion in desert environments.

In fault-block mountains, the uplifted blocks are called__________, and the down dropped blocks are called__________.

Shear stress is associated with which type of faulting?

This is the process that collectively produces a mountain belt.

The upper 50 meters of a glacier where it is brittle & crevasses form is called the ____________________.

The 3 types of seismic waves are....

For a glacier to form, what does the snowfall rate need to exceed?

What is the primary difference between alpine glaciers & ice sheets?

The 4 orientations of anticlines & synclines are....

This diagram shows a(n)....

In fault block mountains, what type of faulting is involved?

Earth's response to humanity releasing large quantities of CO2 into the atmosphere is called....

Which of the 3 types of seismic waves create most destruction through 2 general motions of direction & highest amplitude

The ___________ is where the earthquake actually occurs & the ____________ is the point on the ground directly above it

Which type of body wave behaves like a slinky being compressed & expanded?

Fractures in the crust where rocks slide past each other are called....

Synclines plunge which way?

A series of large ocean waves created by mass wasting and earthquake megathrust faulting are called _______________

Perennial streams do not exist in desert regions.

What happens to rocks if compressional stress is applied to ductile rock material?

Seismic waves create more destruction in loose sedimentary rock than in metamorphic bedrock

The 3 components influencing dune form are..... (pick 3)

Ephemeral streams usually reach the ocean or a large body of water.

Earthquake size is determined by 2 measures - what are they?

Which are factors affecting rock deformation?

Ice shelves are thicker on the seaward side than the landward side.

Orogenesis produces large quantities of this type of rock within the mountain belts, from low to high grade zones

Consequences of global warming include (select as many that apply)

This diagram shows a __________ with the ____________ layers in the middle.

What type of fault is this?

Ozone is considered necessary in the troposphere for blocking out UV rays.

In a convergent boundary, this happens to the crust.

The difference between weather & climate is....

The height of wind transported bedload rarely exceeds....

These are fractures in a rock where there has been no rock movement

These are when multiple alluvial fans join; whereas ______ form from dried playa lakes.

This is the study of earthquake waves

This is the breaking off of large pieces of ice where glaciers reach a water body.

Most earthquakes occur along pre-existing faults

During glacial periods, sea level drops & the crust subsides in response to more ice on the continents.

Compressional stress is associated with which type of faulting?

Glaciers are not as capable of great erosion & sediment transport than wind.

Mantle plumes can raise whole regions of continents

_________ is the amount of displacement on the fault surface

Earthquake magnitude scales are quantitative/mathmatical

The hanging wall is on the....

Which types of atmospheric cells move drier air to the Tropics of Cancer & Capricorn?

This diagram shows a(n)....

Pressure ___________ as one moves from the lower to upper atmospheric layers