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Biology EOC Review
Biology EOC Review
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1
Mutations within a DNA sequence are
unnatural processes that are harmful to genetic diversity
natural processes that produce genetic diversity
unnatural processes that affect the phenotype
natural processes that always affect phenotypes
2
How many males are in the second generation?
1
4
3
2
3
Which geologic feature contributes the most carbon to the atmosphere?
deserts
oceans
volcanoes
glaciers
4
What is taking place in this cell?
prophase
cytokinesis - plant
metaphase
cytokinesis - animal
5
Which type of macromolecule is represented?
nucleic acid
carbohydrate
protein
lipid
6
Which trait is shared by the amphibians and fish?
vertebrae
bipedal
tetrapod
amniotic egg
7
During which part of the cell cycle is DNA replicated?
D
C
B
A
8
Which color represents the parietal lobe?
green
orange
pink
blue
9
What are the products of celllular respiration?
carbon dioxide and water
carbon dioxide and oxygen
glucose and water
oxygen and energy
10
What structure in the male reproductive system regulates temperature during sperm production?
testes
scrotum
penis
prostate
11
What is the name for alternate forms of a gene?
alleles
diploid cells
phenotype
genotype
12
Which gas is removed from the atmosphere during photosynthesis?
nitrogen
oxygen
hydrogen
carbon dioxide
13
Which property of water allows it to carry a wide variety of chemicals through the body?
high heat capacity
neutral pH
surface tension
universal solvent
14
Brown eyes are dominant over blue. What is the chance of a blue eyed F1 from parents Bb and bb?
75%
100%
50%
25%
15
Where is ATP produced in the cell?
mitochondria
golgi bodies
nucleus
ribosomes
16
Similar bone structure between different species supports what type of evidence for evolution?
comparative anatomy
DNA
biogeography
fossil
17
What cellular process directly allows new skin cells to form in a human?
meiosis
fertilization
mitosis
pollination
18
During which part of the cell cycle does the cell experience the most growth?
D
C
A
B
19
Which of the following is a consequence of genetic drift?
less mating among individuals
more alleles in a population
decreased biodiversity
increased variation
20
Which of the following is NOT a universal base of DNA found in almost all organisms?
guanine
uracil
adenine
cytosine
21
What is the function of tRNA in translation?
carry genetic code from the nucleus
copy the DNA in the nucleus
attach amino acids together
carry amino acids to ribosome
22
Which is a type of passive transport?
osmosis
exocytosis
protein pumps
endocytosis
23
Which of the following characteristics defines a cell as eukaryotic?
having a nucleus
having ribosomes
being able to reproduce
being able to move
24
Letter C represents
the stroma
a thylakoid
a granum
the chloroplast
25
Which process differentiates meiosis from mitosis?
crossing over occurs
DNA replication occurs
the cytoplasm divides
a new cell forms
26
Which types of organisms developed first due to early environmental conditions on Earth?
eukaryotic and aerobic
prokaryotic and anaerobic
prokaryotic and aerobic
eukaryotic and anaerobic
27
The black and white feathers in the offspring is an example of
codominance
multiple alleles
pure dominance
incomplete dominance
28
When organisms move out of a population, this is called
carrying capacity
emigration
k selection
immigration
29
What do the arrows in a food chain indicate?
flow of energy
amount of biomass
number of organisms
size of organisms
30
Which scientist was the first to describe the principles of dominance and segregation?
Darwin
Watson
Mendel
Linnaeus
31
Which macromolecule is represented?
carbohydrate
nucleic acid
protein
lipid
32
What statement explains the role of RNA in protein synthesis?
RNA uses DNA to perform cellular respiration
RNA reads DNA to build proteins
RNA assembles sugars from proteins
RNA converts sunlight into energy
33
Provide the matching side to this DNA molecule: AATCG
UUAGC
TTAGC
TTUGC
AATCG
34
Organisms that have identical alleles for a trait are said to be
dominant
hybrid
homozygous
heterozygous
35
Which characteristic was the first to appear as hominids diverged from a common ancestor?
ability to make tools
walking upright
hunting in groups
appearance of body hair
36
If the algae produced 50,000 cal of energy, how much is available to the sea lion?
500
50,000
5,000
50
37
Which statement best explains how the genetic code is universal?
DNA sequences are unique for each species
a genetic sequence codes for the same proteins
Nucleotide ratios are different between species
The shape of DNA molecules is the same in different species
38
Which scientist advanced a theory of evolution based on natural selection?
Gregor Mendel
Robert Hooke
Charles Darwin
James Watson and Francis Crick
39
Which of the following is NOT an example of a density dependent limiting factor?
parasites
natural disasters
predators
disease
40
Which property of water allows the formation of water into drops?
neutral pH
expansion
universal solvent
cohesion
41
One of the main functions of a stem is to
carry out photosythesis
store carbohydrates
store water
transport substances between roots and leaves
42
Which statement supports the theory of evolution?
fossils on the coast of S.America and Africa are the same
some animals have become domesticated by humans
brains of different mammal species show similar traits
fossils of aquatic species are found in mountains
43
Which of these will result from meiosis?
four genetically identical diploid cells
four genetically different haploid cells
two genetically identical diploid cells
two genetically different haploid cells
44
Which characteristic develops in skulls over time?
smaller jaw bone
prominent brow ridge
smaller volume
larger teeth
45
Which set of characteristics is attributed to the most modern group of hominids?
bipedal, small brain, large jaw
arboreal, large brain, small jaw
bipedal, large brain, small jaw
arboreal, small brain, large jaw
46
Which part of cell division is represented here?
telophase
prophase
anaphase
metaphase
47
In addition to light, which two substances are required for the start of photosynthesis?
sugar and carbon dioxide
water and carbon dioxide
water and oxygen
sugar and oxygen
48
According to most current theories of origins of life, where did life most likely form first?
desert
oceans
swamps
atmosphere
49
What is the name of the family of proteins that regulate the timing of the cell cycle?
steroids
catalysts
amino acids
cyclins
50
Which pathogen can be treated effectively with antibiotics?
fungi
viruses
protists
bacteria
51
What is the term for each step in the transfer of energy within a food web?
food pyramid
food chain
trophic level
energy path
52
Which of these could cause an increase in blood pressure?
thickening of artery walls
relaxing of heart muscle
eating a healthy diet
exercising regularly
53
What cellular process is taking place here?
exocytosis
endocytosis
cell division
osmosis
54
Which of these enters a food chain as an energy storage molecule produced by photosynthesis?
glucose
water
carbon dioxide
methane
55
Which statement regarding whale evolution is supported by the diagram?
whales evolved from animals with two pairs of legs
ancient whales had larger brains
whales evolved before animals with two pairs of legs
modern whales have large hind leg bones
56
What is the subunit of a protein?
peptide bond
nucleotide
amino acid
nucleic acid
57
Which of the following is an autotroph?
tree
leopard
gazelle
mushroom
58
During aerobic respiration, which molecule is needed?
carbon dioxide
oxygen
glucose
water
59
Which of the following is required for active transport?
water
storage vacuole
ADP
energy
60
Which correctly pairs a plant structure with its function?
flowers produce energy for seeds to develop
roots anchor plants to substrates
leaves capture water for photosynthesis
stems allow for plant movement
61
Which step of cellular respiration produces the most ATP?
electron transport chain
glycolysis
kreb's cycle
fermentation
62
Carbon cycles through the biosphere in all of he following processes EXCEPT
transpiration
photosynthesis
burning fossil fuels
decomposition
63
Which of the structures of the brain is located at the bottom of the brain?
corpus callosum
temporal lobe
medulla oblongata
occipital lobe
64
What function is performed by a macromolecule made up of nucleotides?
store genetic information
provide energy
insulation
function as enzymes
65
Which of these characteristics is NOT a property of water?
moderates changes in temperature
functions as a universal solvent
increased density as a solid
exhibits high cohesion
66
Which process takes place in the stroma?
kreb's cycle
light reactions
glycolysis
calvin cycle
67
When red and white carnations are crossed, the offspring are pink. This is
dominant alleles
incomplete dominance
multiple alleles
codominance
68
According to the chart, the amount of cytosine in humans should be
13.4
28.8
19.9
29.4
69
In human reproduction, what is the purpose of the fallopian tubes?
removing unfertilized eggs from the body
transporting the egg to the uterus
providing nourishment to the fertilized egg
producing egg cells
70
What effect can bottleneck events have on populations that have nearly become extinct?
reduce population size and reduce variation
increased gene flow and diversity
can lead to founder effects and high diversity
no impact
71
Which of the following are only characteristic to the plant kingdom?
autrotrophs, eukaryotic, cell wall
autotroph, eukaryotic, no cell wall
autotroph, prokaryotic, cell wall
autotroph, prokaryotic, no cell wall
72
Some ecosystems can only support a certain number of organisms. This is called
community
scavenger boundary
overproduction
carrying capacity
73
Which process reduces the chromosome number from diploid to haploid?
fertilization
budding
meiosis
binary fission
74
The first (or lowest) trophic level refers to
all animals
all producers
all herbivores
sunlight
75
Which part of the brain is represented by the red color?
cerebellum
occipital lobe
pituitary gland
pons
76
Each parent gives one sex chromosome to their offspring. Whose chromosome determines the sex?
mother
grandmother
father
grandfather
77
Which of these is a difference between mitosis and meiosis?
homologous chromosomes exchange info only during meiosis
chromosomes condense only during meiosis
DNA replication takes place only before mitosis
haploid cells are produced only after mitosis
78
A mutation in which molecule would result in genetic variation?
carbohydrate
nucleic acid
lipid
protein
79
Breaking bonds between which letters releases energy stored in this molecule?
B and C
A and D
A and B
C and D
80
Which of these could result from cancer?
cells would grow unregulated into a tumor
cells would be too small to function properly
membranes would detach from cells
specialization would occur in cells
81
Why must DNA strands be unzipped prior to replication?
to separate homologous pairs
to allow DNA to form a double helix
to shorten and thicken chromosomes
to expose the sequence of bases
82
What part of cell division is represented here?
prophase
anaphase
metaphase
telophase
83
Pelvic bones in whales are examples of
homologous structures
vestigial structures
analogous structures
adaptations
84
Which cellular process takes place here?
cellular respiration
photosynthesis
DNA replication
osmosis
85
What is the function of a lysosome?
removing waste/old organelles
makes proteins
regulate the activity of the cell
creates ATP
86
What did Hooke contribute to cell theory?
made the first observation of a cell
stated new cells came from old cells
said all animals were made of cells
said all plants were made of cells
87
Which of these describes a benefit of crossing over?
cells begin to divide
homologous chromosomes separate
genetic variation increases
genetic information replicates
88
Why are the leaves of plants broad and flat?
to obtain energy by breaking down glucose
to prevent water loss from transpiration
to transport nutrients through the plant
capture light for photosynthesis
89
Which two macromolecules are used as the primary source of energy for cellular processes?
lipids and carbohydrates
nucleic acids and protein
carbohydrates and nucleic acids
proteins and lipids
90
Which human impact would NOT cause a loss of biodiversity?
deforestation
introducing an invasive species
burning of fossil fuels
preserving a rainforest
91
Which structure in both plant and animal cells converts glucose to ATP?
chloroplast
cell membrane
mitochondria
smooth er
92
Dog breeds are an example of
natural selection
artificial selection
predation
adaptations
93
The independent variable in an experiment is one that
will never change
changes in response to the experiment
you change
stays the same
94
What bonds are broken to unzip the DNA strands during replication?
hydrogen bonds between bases
covalent bonds between sugar and phosphate
hydrogen bonds between bases and phosphates
covalent bonds between sugars
95
Which type of natural selection is this population experiencing?
evolutionary
directional
disruptive
stabilizing
96
What must be present in order for natural selection to occur in a population?
ability to choose traits
adaptation
variation
unlimited resources
97
Which pair of structures can be found in a prokaryotic cell?
mitochondria and vacuole
nucleus and chloroplast
ribosome and cell membrane
lysosome and cell wall
98
Which property of water helps regulate temperature on Earth?
heat capacity
polarity
expansion upon freezing
surface tension
99
What is the name of the second stage of cellular respiration?
electron transport chain
calvin cycle
glycolysis
kreb's cycle
100
Which piece of technology was critical to the development of cell theory?
microscope
telescope
bunsen burner
balance