what does sediment shape tell you?

rounded- has traveled far. angular- close to the source

name the 3 types of texture of detrial sedimentary rocks

sediment size, sediment shape, arrangement

name the 3 types of plate boundaries

divergent, convergent, transform

name 3 things that create contact metamorphism

thermal fluid, magma, heat due to depth

what 4 pieces of evidence did wegener give to support his continental drift hypothesis

fossil evidence, geological evidence, climatic evidence, fit of continents

what is a suture zone

two tectonic plates fused together

what is carbonic acid?

rainwater/groundwater mixing with atmospheric carbon dioxide

what are bedding planes?

flat surfaces that seperate the boundaries between layers of sediment

list 3 features of oceanic/continental plate boundary

trenches, volcanoes, mountain ranges

name 3 external processes

weathing, erosion, sedimentation

name 5 suture zones(mountain ranges)

himalayas, alps, appalachia, ural mountains, rocky mountains

what metamorphic event is created when 2 continents collide

regional metamorphism(large mountain ranges)

how does salt crystal growth destroy rocks

water enters rock through cracks, evaporates, crystallizases and expands

underwater volcanic mountain that can form islands

what does arrangement tell you?

well sorted rocks- eroded by river/wind.poorly sorted rocks-lake

hawaii, iceland, yellowstone, and galapagos

how does water chemically weather rocks?

dissolution, hydrolysis, and carbonation

chemical weathering is most effective in areas of

high precipitation and warm temperatures

what is an mid ocean ridge(MOR) and what plate boundary is it associated with

an underwater mountain range tectonic plates move apart (divergent boundary

name 2 metamorphic events

regional metamorphism, contact metamorphism

what continents made up gondwanaland

all southern lands (south america, australia, india, etc.)

name 3 cements used in lithification

calcium carbonate(limestone), silica(quartz),iron oxides(ironstone)

name 5 controls of soil conformation

parent material, climate, topography, organisms, and time

list the 5 causes of mass wasting

gravity, moisture, overloading, vegetation removal, earthquakes

name the three sub categories of convergent plate boundary

oceanic-continental, oceanic-oceanic, continental-continental

what is unconsolidated sediments?

sediments that are loose and not cemented together

what continents made up laurasia

all northern lands (north america, europe, etc.)

what is differential pressure?

pressure from above exerted unevenly on rock/sediment

mechanical weathering is most effective in areas of

cold temperatures and dry climate

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Collins Geology Exam 2

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Questions 83

Answers

1
what does sediment shape tell you?
smooth- river basin. sharp- mountain range
rounded- has traveled far. angular- close to the source
2
name the 3 types of texture of detrial sedimentary rocks
smoothness, color, composition
sediment size, sediment shape, arrangement
3
name the 4 sediment sizes for detrial sedimentary rocks
gravel, sand, silt, clay
microscopic, small, medium, large
4
name the 3 types of plate boundaries
new, old, medium
divergent, convergent, transform
opposite, same, across
5
name 3 things that create contact metamorphism
tsunami, earthquake, landslide
tornado, hurricane, flood
thermal fluid, magma, heat due to depth
6
what 4 pieces of evidence did wegener give to support his continental drift hypothesis
fossil evidence, geological evidence, climatic evidence, fit of continents
wind, spinning of the earth, magnetic forces, temperature
7
what are the 3 types of motion in mass wasting?
fall, slide, flow
jumping, running, climbing
8
what is a suture zone
zone with numerous volcanoes
two tectonic plates fused together
zones with deep oceanic trenches
zones with a lot of earthquakes
9
what size sediments does mechanical weathering create?
clay and silt
gravel and sand
foliated and non foliated
10
what is the average speed of tectonic plates per year
5-10 cm
100-250 yards
2-5 cm
10-20 miles
11
what is carbonic acid?
rainwater/groundwater mixing with atmospheric carbon dioxide
oxygen mixing with water
12
what 2 large continents made up pangaea?
europe and north america
gondwana and laurasia
africa and south america
13
does steeper soil create greater soil production?
False
True
14
what is the largest plate on earth
european plate
north american plate
new zealand plate
pacific plate
15
what are bedding planes?
flat surfaces that seperate the boundaries between layers of sediment
flat surfaces of rocks formed by rivers
16
what is the main feature of a continental-continental boundary
volcanoes
earthquakes
trenches
large mountain ranges
17
name 2 continental volcanic arcs
appalachian mountains, himylayian mountains
andes mountains, cascade range
18
list 3 features of oceanic/continental plate boundary
trenches, volcanoes, mountain ranges
flatlands, beaches, lakes
19
name 3 external processes
volcanism, plate tectonics,metamorphism
weathing, erosion, sedimentation
20
name 5 suture zones(mountain ranges)
himalayas, alps, appalachia, ural mountains, rocky mountains
amazon rainforest, japan, australia, sahara desert, african savana
21
what metamorphic event is created when 2 continents collide
mega earthquake
regional metamorphism(large mountain ranges)
22
how does salt crystal growth destroy rocks
dissolves the rock
water enters rock through cracks, evaporates, crystallizases and expands
23
convergent plate boundaries are destructive
False
True
24
what is a seamount
deep oceanic trench
underwater volcanic mountain that can form islands
oceanic ridge
25
what is the #1 cause of mass wasting?
gravity
water
26
what was the name of the large ocean that existed with pangaea
panthalassa
atlantic
big ocean
pacific
27
what does arrangement tell you?
well sorted rocks- from mountains. poorly sorted rocks- from rivers
well sorted rocks- eroded by river/wind.poorly sorted rocks-lake
28
where in the ocean are sediments thickest
along continental plates
volcanic islands
ocean trenches
29
list 4 hot spots
sahara desert, mohave desert, gobi desert, australian desert
hawaii, iceland, yellowstone, and galapagos
30
how does water chemically weather rocks?
dissolution, hydrolysis, and carbonation
dissolves them
31
where do biochemical sedimentary rocks come from?
mountains
previously living organisms
volcanoes
mantle
32
chemical weathering is most effective in areas of
high precipitation and warm temperatures
low precipitation and cold weather
33
what is an mid ocean ridge(MOR) and what plate boundary is it associated with
an underwater mountain range tectonic plates move apart (divergent boundary
an oceanic trench where plates push together (convergent)
34
what are the two most important factors in climate weathering?
temperature and precipitation
snow and water
35
name 2 metamorphic events
landslide, drought
regional metamorphism, contact metamorphism
volcanoes, earthquakes
36
what continents made up gondwanaland
all northern lands(north america, europe, etc.)
all southern lands (south america, australia, india, etc.)
37
name 3 cements used in lithification
constructive, destructive, conformational
calcium carbonate(limestone), silica(quartz),iron oxides(ironstone)
38
name 5 controls of soil conformation
parent material, climate, topography, organisms, and time
evaporation
39
list the 5 causes of mass wasting
the sun, the moon, alcohol,
gravity, moisture, overloading, vegetation removal, earthquakes
40
name the three sub categories of convergent plate boundary
convergent- divergent, divergent-divergent, convergent-convergent
oceanic-continental, oceanic-oceanic, continental-continental
41
what is the main feature of an oceanic-oceanic boundary
on land volcanoes
trenches
large mountain ranges
42
name the 3 compositional categories of sedimentary rocks
metamorphic, sedimentary, igneous
detrial, biochemical, chemical
43
name 2 hot spot tracks
antartica and canada
mexico and arizona
africa and south america
hawaii and iceland
44
what is unconsolidated sediments?
sediments that are visible within rocks
rocks that are underwater
sediments that are loose and not cemented together
45
rock salt, gyprock, and chert/flint belong to
detrial
biochemical
chemical
46
what continents made up laurasia
all northern lands (north america, europe, etc.)
all southern lands (south america, australia, india, etc.)
47
what is differential pressure?
pressure from above exerted unevenly on rock/sediment
pressure from above exerted evenly on rock/sediment
48
what is the main force driving plate tectonics
mantle convection
ridge push
gravity
slab pull
49
mechanical weathering is most effective in areas of
hot temperatures and rainy climate
cold temperatures and dry climate
50
name 3 volcanic islands
hawaii, japan, indonesia
australia, greenland, ireland
51
how does granite weather?
exfoliation
acid rain
52
what is cementation of sediments
sediments turning into rock by pressure from above.
minerals precipitate in groundwater and bind, forming solid rock
53
what plate boundary created costa rica?
oceanic-oceanic boundary between pacific & atlantic ocean
continental-continental plate boundary between north america & south americ
oceanic-continental plate boundary between Cocos plate & caribbean plate
54
what is a passive ocean margin?
tectonic activity, earthquakes, narrow continental shelf(west coast)
no plate tectonic activity, sloping continental shelf(i.e east coast)
55
list pre-coal to prized coal
peat, lignite, bituminous coal, anthracite
peat, soft coal, charcoal, deep coal, hard coal
56
what is an active ocean margin
no plate tectonic activity, sloping continental crust (east coast)
plate tectonics, volcanoes, narrow continental shelf(west coast)
57
divergent plate boundaries are constructive
True
False
58
name 2 things that are created from chemical weathering
creates sediment(clay and mud), and dissolves rock into solution
habitats for animals, and lakes
59
what are the two most important factors in weathering of rock?
climate and rock composition
time and acid
60
what 2 types of textures are there for metamorphic rocks?
foliated, nonfoliated
even, uneven
smooth, rough
61
why is divergent plate boundary called a constructive margin
creation of new crust, formation of ocean basins
forms mountains, and volcanoes
62
what is confining pressure?
pressure from above exerted unevenly on rock/sediment
pressure from above exerted on all directions(evenly) on rock/sediment
63
where in the ocean are sediments thinnest
along continental plates
deep ocean
64
what new name was given to Wegener's "continental drift" hypothesis?
plate tectonics
moving earth
country drift
sally
65
how long ago did pangaea break up?
20 million years
200 million years
2 years
2 million years
66
what is the ring of fire?
johnny cash song
a large area in the pacific ocean with the most active volcanic/earthquakes
a large supervolcano under the state of Wyoming
the thing that lions jump through
67
what is a parent rock
the largest, "beginning" rock that all smaller rocks broke away from
the original, unaltered from which a metamorphic rock forms
68
how are exfoliation domes created
chemical weathering
unloading and exfoliation. over time outer layers of rock are removed.
69
igneous rock is formed when pressure/heat was so intense that the entire rock melts
False
True
70
what are the 3 forces driving plate tectonics
mantle convection, slab pull, ridge push
volcanoes, earthquakes, tornadoes
71
list the 5 types of mass wasting
volcanoes, sunlight, meteors, instagram, rainfall
rockfall, landslide, mudflow, debris flow, creep
72
is quartz affected by chemical weathering?
False
True
73
what 2 things do heat and pressure do to a rock
changes rock color and size
melts the rocks, changes rock composition
74
what are 3 rock characteristics that are important factors in the weathering of rocks?
mineral composition, grain size, porosity
color, taste, density
75
why is convergent plate boundary called a destructive margin
formation of mid oceanic ridges
subduction, crust destruction
76
what is compaction of sediments?
sediments combining together from pressure of sediment of top of them
sediments combining together from heat
77
name 4 types of mechanical weathering
frost wedging, exfoliation, abrasion, thermal expansion
earthquakes, fires, tornadoes, tsunami, hurricane
78
what is topography
physical features of earth's surface. shape, structure, and contour
chemical composition of rocks
79
name 3 internal processes
weathering, erosion, sedimentation
volcanism, plate tectonics, metamorphism
80
what rock makes up middle TN?
gneiss
limestone
sandstone
bedrock
81
what are the 3 results of chemical weathering of potassium feldspar?
chemical weathering, mechanical weathering, dissolution
formation of clay minerals, release of potassium ions, bicarbonate ions
82
how did the himalayan mountains form
sediment build up over time
the indian plate colliding with the eurasian plate
the pacific plate colliding with the eurasian plate
volcanic activity
83
is the transform boundary a constructive margin, destructive margin, or neither?
destructive
constructive
neither

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