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Duplicate of AP Psychology - AP Exam Review Flashcards | StudBud
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Duplicate of AP Psychology - AP Exam Review
Duplicate of AP Psychology - AP Exam Review
150 terms
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A basic review over all material covered in AP Psychology used to prepare for the AP Exam.
Flashcards
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Questions
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1
The amygdala plays a role in the modulation of which emotion?
sadness
fear
happiness
surprise
2
Which of the following is not one of the intelligence types described by Gardner?
logical-mathemathical
musical
mechanical
spatial
3
The test you are currently taking is an example of what kind of test?
an intelligence test
a personality test
an achievement test
an aptitude test
4
In experiments, subjects that receive special treatment are known as...
the correlational group
the control group
the observational group
the experimental group
5
Potty training is a key challenge in which of Erikson's stages of development?
autonomy vs. shame & doubt
trust vs. mistrust
initiative vs. guilt
industry vs. inferiority
6
The production of speech is controlled by which area of the frontal lobe?
Sperry's area
Wernicke's area
Cannon's area
Broca's area
7
Putting group goals ahead of personal goals & defining one's identity in terms of the group is
functionalism
individualism
collectivism
attributionism
8
If the occipital lobe is stimulated, the person would be most likely to report...
smelling an odor
seeing a flash of light
moving a part of his body
hearing a sound
9
The structure that controls the size of the pupil is the...
vitreous humor
lens
cornea
iris
10
Prejudice is to discrimination as...
behavior is to motive
thought is to perception
feeling is to thinking
attitude is to action
11
Alice has a dog phobia, and is being told to completely relax and imagine a dog. This is...
systematic desensitization
avoidance therapy
psychotherapy
aversion therapy
12
Which of the following does not belong with the other three?
thalamus
gonads
pituitary
thyroid
13
In Pavlov's experiment, the unconditioned stimulus was the...
tone
salivation
food/meat powder
light
14
A rat learns to press a bar to turn off an electric shock. This is an example of...
avoidance learning
positive reinforcement
escape learning
an unconditioned response
15
You see a female VP being pushy/aggressive, and then assume all female VPs are this way, which
a heuristic observation
a self-serving attribution
demonstrates an illusory correlation
a contravened stereotype
16
What is cognitive dissonance?
feeling of discomfort experienced by receivers of persuasion
occurs only when cognitions are unrelated
a state of tension produced by inconsistent cognitions
feelings of guilt produced by acting against your conscience
17
The hypothalamus influences or regulates all of the following except...
memory
feeding
the autonomic nervous system
the endocrine system
18
The hypothalamus communicates with the endocrine system by way of the..
pancreas
sebaceous gland
thyroid gland
pituitary gland
19
The gate-control theory suggests that incoming pain sensations may be blocked at the...
spinal cord
thalamus
cortex
location of injury
20
Unusually vivid and detailed recollections of momentous events are called...
non-declarative memories
flashbulb memories
sensory memories
episodic memories
21
If you were awakened during REM sleep, you would probably report that you had...
not been dreaming
been dreaming
a headache
not really been asleep
22
The Binet-Simon scale of intelligence expressed a child's score in terms of...
IQ
mental age
a percentile score
a potential score
23
In Milgram's study of obedience, subjects...
were ordered to deliver painful shocks to a stranger
became the recipient of painful electric shocks
were put into a simulated prison
indicated which of 3 lines matched the "standard line"
24
Freud concluded that psychological disturbances are largely caused by...
personal conflicts existing at the unconscious level
genetic dispositions to behave in a particular way
conflicts between unconscious desires and environment
unrealistic demands from family/friends
25
Inferences that people draw about the causes of their and other's behavior are known as..
attributions
prejudices
stereotypes
self-serving bias
26
The process of selectively reinforcing responses that are closer to the desired response is..
shaping
stimulus discrimination
selection
step-wise conditioning
27
When a choice must be made between two unattractive goals, you are experiencing...
an avoidance-avoidance conflict
an approach-avoidance conflict
a risk-aversion conflict
an approach-approach conflict
28
What appears to be responsible for regulating circadian rhythm?
exposure to light
amount of time alseep
amount of time awake
cultural practices
29
Which of the following is not a characteristic of antisocial personality disorder?
aggressiveness
social charm
manipulative behavior
excessive guilt
30
A drug that depresses central nervous system activity is referred to as...
a sedative
a hallucinogen
a narcotic
an amphetamine
31
The tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon can best be described as an instance of...
complete retrieval failure
complete storage failure
partial retrieval
partial storage
32
According to Freud, nail-biting may be evidence of fixation at the _____ stage of development.
anal
oral
latency
genital
33
Which of the following is a mood disorder?
panic disorder
bipolar disorder
fugue
conversion disorder
34
If Jane used an external attribution to explain why her son got into a fight, she would say...
he can't help himself since he doesn't have self-control
the other boy started it and he was defending himself
he always gets in fights
he's just like his father
35
The chemicals that are secreted from the terminal buttons into the synapse are...
antagonists
neurotransmitters
agonists
action potentials
36
A valid test is one that...
is consistent
measures what it is supposed to measure
has been standardized but not normed
is reliable
37
The gambler's fallacy reflects the influence of the...
representativeness heuristic
law of small numbers
conjunction heuristic
availability heuristic
38
After having his first ice cream cone yesterday, Dave keeps asking for ice cream, demonstrating
fast-mapping
metalinguistic awareness
semantic slanting
overextension
39
The function of sensory memory is to...
put information into long-term memory
hold the immediate perception of what was perceived
hold sensory impressions long enough for transfer
hold information for a lifetime
40
The fundamental attribution error leads observers to attribute crime in poor neighborhoods to..
the personal qualities of the residents
job discrimination experienced by the residents
poor police protection
crowded living conditions
41
People who have hormonal imbalances have problems with their...
reticular formation
leftbrain/right brain communication
limbic system
endocrine system
42
In the Little Albert experiment, the conditioned stimulus was the...
loud noise
rat
rabbit
fear reaction
43
Dave washes his hands 50 times a day, even when they're not dirty. This is an example of..
an obsession
a delusion
a compulsion
a phobia
44
Slot machines increase gambling behavior through the use of...
a continuous reinforcement schedule
an intermittent reinforcement schedule
a non-contingent reinforcement schedule
a short-delay reinforcement schedule
45
A stimulus evokes a response that was originally evoked by another stimulus in...
state-dependent learning
classical conditioning
operant conditioning
observational learning
46
Tension reduction is the goal of which motivational theory?
instinct theory
incentive theory
drive theory
evolutionary theory
47
The characteristic mood, activity level, and emotional reactivity of an infant is their...
temperament
personality
attachment
behavioral quality
48
According to the notion of semantic networks, which word pair should be linked most closely?
fill-feed
boat-goat
car-nose
tree-bird
49
Failure to actively seek out contrary evidence may lead to...
the gambler's fallacy
the confirmation bias
overestimating the improbable
the conjunction fallacy
50
The awareness of self, your thoughts, internal sensations and external stimuli is defined as...
perception
sensation
hypnosis
consciousness
51
Expectations about what is appropriate behavior for each sex most accurately describes...
gender stereotypes
gender differences
gender behaviors
gender roles
52
Framing refers to...
how alternatives in a decision problem are presented
presenting only part of the information required
presenting irrelevant information
structuring decision problems so they lead to poor decisions
53
The assumption of a preoperational child that a car is moving because she is in it demonstrates
reversibility
egocentrism
conservation
centration
54
Free association and dream analysis were held to be major methods to discover the makeup of...
maladaptive behaviors
the unconscious
irrational thoughts
the conscious
55
The decrease in individual effort exerted by group members when working together on a task is..
conformity
group polarization
social loafing
deindividuation
56
Widely held beliefs about groups of people based on their group membership defines...
cultural direction
stereotypes
schematizing
cognitive structuring
57
The sickly child who becomes a forceful, physically active adult demonstrates what Adler called
compensation
displacement
regression
fixation
58
When people overestimate the frequency of violent crimes because these events are on TV, they..
are using the representativeness heuristic
are using the availability heuristic
use a holistic decision model
use the elimination by aspects strategy
59
Learning that is not apparent from behavior when it first occurs is known as...
operant conditioning
classical conditioning
insight learning
latent learning
60
An electroencephalograph is used in sleep research to measure brain-wave activity in the...
cerebral cortex
corpus callosum
hypothalamus
medulla
61
Anhedonia is when a person...
experiences mild manic states
has trouble getting along with people
has difficulty experiencing pleasure
has two different psychological disorders
62
Which statistical method is used to determine the reliability of a test?
standard deviation
percentiles
correlation coefficients
means
63
If a dog salivates to a blue light but not a yellow light, the dog is demonstrating...
stimulus generalization
spontaneous recovery
stimulus discrimination
conditioned emotional reactions
64
Cohort effects are most closely associated with which research design?
sequential
cross-sectional
longitundinal
time of testing
65
Focusing awareness on a narrowed range of stimuli or events defines...
perception
processing
sensation
attention
66
Five-year-old Bob washes his bike after seeing his father was his car, demonstrating...
classical conditioning
positive reinforcement
observational learning
superstitious behavior
67
The EEG pattern associated with normal, waking, alert states is...
gamma
beta
alpha
delta
68
Which brain structure is most closely related to regulating emotions?
reticular formation
limbic system
brainstem
cerebellum
69
Aggression is often a behavioral response to stressors involving...
frustration
pressure
change
conflict
70
Severing the reticular formation in cats caused them to
become aggressive
become fearful/cautious
remain in continuous sleep
remain in continuous wakefulness
71
In which level of processing is an emphasis placed on the sounds of words?
platonic
morphemic
phonemic
mnemonic
72
Learning to crawl is an example of which motor development sequence?
the proximodistal trend
the cephalocaudal trend
encephalitis
the cephalopedal trend
73
We often perceive a series of dots as a "solid" line because of the Gestalt principle of...
similiarity
closure
symmetry
constancy
74
The registration of sensory input without conscious awareness refers to
a just noticeable difference
a false alarm
a superimposed stimulus
subliminal perception
75
The deepest level of processing which involves emphasizing the meaning of words is known as...
attention encoding
the triarchic level of encoding
the semantic level of encoding
dyadic encoding
76
If you suffer from depression, which type of psychologists would be of the most help to you?
a forensic psychologist
a social psychologist
a developmental psychologist
a clinical psychologist
77
The ability to rapidly process words in reading depends most on...
top-down processing
bottom-up processing
lateral processing
bottom-to-top processing
78
A personality measure that asks you to respond freely to an ambiguous stimulus (ex. inkblot) is
a deceptive test
a self-report inventory
a projective test
a behavior rating
79
Common side effects of ____ include mood swings, aggression, and impaired mental functioning.
narcotics
sedatives
alcohol
cannabis
80
When Bob hits his thumb with a hammer, the sensation will be transmitted to the CNS by...
efferent nerves
autonomic nerves
afferent nerves
sympathetic nerves
81
The gradual disappearance of an operant response that is no longer being reinforced is called..
spontaneous remission
unconditioning
conditioned forgetting
extinction
82
____ measure general mental ability while ___ measure various aspects of people (values, etc).
intelligence; personality
intelligence; standardized
standardized; intelligence
personality; standardized
83
Mary Ainsworth's strategy for studying infant attachment is known as the __________ procedure.
attachment probing
secure-avoidant
shared inhibition
strange situation
84
The wavelength of light mainly affects our perception of...
brightness
light purity
color
saturation
85
The idea that dreams are the cortex's attempt to make sense of general firing of the brain is..
problem-solving theory
activation-synthesis theory
None of the Above
wish fulfillment theory
86
Your GPA is an example of which measure of central tendency?
midpoint
mode
median
mean
87
The ability to generate ideas that are original, novel, and useful defines...
insight
reasoning
intelligence
creativity
88
Homeostasis is a state of...
physiological instability
psychological stability
physiological stability
psychological instability
89
The school of psychology associated with understanding the purpose of behavior is...
neodynamism
behaviorism
psychoanalysis
functionalism
90
The most optimistic view of human nature is found in the ________ approach.
psychoanalytic
humanistic
behavioral
cognitive
91
Destroying part of the brain tissue to observe its effect on behavior is referred to as...
lesioning
stereotaxic inversion
tumor ligation
ESB
92
In order for a memory to be stored, it must first be..
encoded
modeled
retrieved
ablated
93
A perceptual set implies that...
visual perception is based on bottom-up processing
the focused-attention stage of processing is overridden
people often see what they expect to see
feature analysis is a "hard-wired" process
94
According to the five-factor model, people who score _____ tend to be trusting and cooperative.
low in extraversion
low in openness
high in agreeableness
high in neuroticism
95
Substances such as viruses and drugs that can harm a developing fetus are known as...
teratogens
pathogens
opiates
prenatals
96
The superego is Freud's term for...
the moral component of personality
the mediating agent between the id and ego
the conscious aspect of personality
the biological impulses that drive behavior
97
Which of the following disorders/issues would be least likely to be treated by a psychiatrist?
schizophrenia
marital problems
bipolar disorder
anxiety disorders
98
The process of pushing distressing thoughts into the unconscious and keeping them there is...
neurogenic amnesia
repression
avoidance
suppression
99
Classical conditioning could account for how a child learns to...
sing a song
fear the dark
tie shoe laces
print letters
100
If a teacher gives an exam with questions that were not covered in class, the test lacks..
criterion-related validity
content validity
predictive validity
standardized validity
101
If a psychological test intends to tell you how you score relative to others, they must develop
test levels
test scales
test scores
test norms
102
The last are of the brain to fully mature in late adolescence or early adulthood is the...
prefrontal cortex
medulla
hypothalamus
occipital cortex
103
Although Sheri falls asleep easily, she has difficulty remaining asleep. Sheri suffers from..
pseudoinsomnia
insomnia
sleep apnea
narcolepsy
104
What kind of validity do the ACT and SAT strive for?
construct
content
absolute
criterion-related
105
Which technique would be most useful for locating specific neurotransmitters in the brain?
computerized tomography
magnetic resonance imaging
positron emission tomography
electrographic tomography
106
What is somnambulism?
sleep-walking
sleep-talking
difficulty breathing when asleep
difficulty remaining asleep
107
Hadley uses ____ to relieve the symptoms of her glaucoma and relax her.
marijuana
mescaline
heroin
cocaine
108
A person who loses memories of events that occur following a head injury is experiencing...
pseudoforgetting
anterograde amnesia
retroactive interference
retrograde amnesia
109
According to the James-Lange theory, one's conscious experience of emotion occurs..
after autonomic arousal
simultaneously with autonomic arousal
before autonomic arousal
independently of autonomic arousal
110
In relation to age, which of the following does not belong with the others?
post-conventional moral reasoning
autonomy vs. shame & doubt
formal operations
development of secondary sex characteristics
111
Most explanations for the Flynn effect revolve around...
changes in testing procedures
genetic influences on IQ
group differences in basic intelligence
a variety of environmental factors
112
The minimum length of time between action potentials is determined by...
transduction capacity
transduction incapacity
the absolute refractory period
the relative threshold period
113
Yielding to real or imagined social pressure defines...
cognitive dissonance
conformity
obedience
groupthink
114
What is not a characteristic of groupthink?
censoring information that contradicts the group's views
censoring dissent from group members
gathering all the relevant information (pros & cons)
dividing the world into the ingroup & outgroup
115
Which of the following is not a common effect of hypnosis?
hallucinations
reduction of inhibitions
resistance to pain
total loss of personal control
116
Multiple-choice tests use what measure of memory?
reiteration
relearning
recall
recognition
117
Voluntary responses come to be controlled by their consequences in what type of learning?
classical conditioning
observational learning
operant conditioning
reinforcement
118
At which stage do people use a personal code of ethics to guide their moral reasoning?
preconventional
concrete
postconventional
conventional
119
During the sensorimotor stage of cognitive development, a child experiences the world through..
physical interaction
systematic hypothesis testing
logical reasoning
abstract operations
120
According to the medical model...
all physical illnesses have a psychological component
all mental illnesses can be treated using drugs
abnormal behavior can be thought of as a disease
all mental illnesses are caused by biological factors
121
An antagonist...
extends the absolute refractory period
blocks the action of neurotransmitters
prevents reuptake of neurotransmitters
mimics the action of a neurotransmitter
122
Depression is an example of a _____ mood disorder.
bipolar
dissociative
unipolar
cyclical
123
Negative reinforcement involves...
the presentation of an unpleasant stimulus
the removal of an unpleasant stimulus
the removal of a pleasant stimulus
the presentation of a pleasant stimulus
124
Conditioned taste aversions represent an unusual or atypical example of...
observational learning
classical conditioning
operant conditioning
punishment
125
The idea that we should pay back in kind what we receive from others is known as the..
display rules
the principle of collectivism
the law of cognitive dissonance
the reciprocity norm
126
Cultural norms that determine which facial expressions are appropriate for what occasions are..
parental investments
social scripts
investment differentiations
display rules
127
Jay used to say "mikk", but now says "milk" properly, meaning he has made gains in the use of..
morphemes
phonemes
linguistic heuristics
syntax
128
A worker who is paid every Friday for completing his 40-hour work week is being paid on a...
fixed-ratio schedule
variable-ratio schedule
fixed-interval schedule
variable-interval schedule
129
Which of the following statements is the best example of telegraphic speech?
give cookie
cookie
i wanted a cookie
I eated a cookie
130
The facial feedback hypothesis suggests that...
you can affect how you feel by making a certain expression
the internal state causes the facial expression
a facial expression is just a sign of internal feelings
other people can identify your emotions by your expressions
131
A father suggests that his son's low marks are due to the child's laziness. He has made...
a situational attribution
a distinctive attribution
an internal attribution
an external attribution
132
Which type of data collection is the best for studying attitudes?
direct observation
questionnaires
psychological tests
physiological recordings
133
Which type of intelligence involves the ability to apply acquired knowledge in problem solving?
episodic
fluid
crystallized
procedural
134
Rehearsal is most beneficial for maintaining information in _______ memory.
long-term
intermediate-term
short-term
sensory
135
Who is responsible for establishing psychology as an independent discipline?
Wilhelm Wundt
William James
Rene Decartes
G. Stanley Hall
136
The structure that connects the two hemispheres of the brain is called the...
corpus callosum
pineal gland
parietal lobe
thalamus
137
Sleep spindles are characteristic of which stage of the sleep cycle?
REM
stage 2
stage 4
stage 1
138
Watson defined psychology as the scientific study of...
conscious experience
behavior
the brain
the unconscious
139
A person who perceives stimuli that aren't there is said to have...
hallucinations
obsessions
delusions
illusions
140
PTSD is an example of what kind of disorder?
schizophrenic
anxiety
personality
mood
141
The area of psychology referring to mental processes or thinking is known as...
introspection
cognition
intelligence
mentalism
142
The structure of the ear that transduces sound vibrations into nerve impulses is the...
stirrup
oval window
cochlea
temporal lobe
143
Reliability refers to the _______ of a measuring device, such as a test.
accuracy of inference
consistency
predictability
representativeness
144
The neurotransmitter associated with schizophrenia is...
endorphin
serotonin
dopamine
acetylcholine
145
If two sounds vary in frequency they are perceived as differing in...
decibels
timbre
pitch
loudness
146
A student's organized set of expectations on how a professor should act is an example of a..
chunk
semantic network
schema
script
147
The minimum stimulus intensity of any sensory input that an organism can detect is called the..
just noticeable difference
sensory memory
absolute threshold
subliminal threshold
148
Diffusion of responsibility refers to the...
loss of identity one experiences in mob violence
basis for performing pro-social behavior
assumption others will take responsibility;bystander effect
halo effect in aggression
149
The sensory receptors for smell are referred to as...
gustatory bulbs
smell buds
olfactory cilia
sciatic receptors
150
The largely unconscious reactions used to protect us from guilt and anxiety are known as...
offense mechanisms
coping mechanisms
defense mechanisms
id mechanisms
