Geography Final Exam Review

This country was founded in 1822 by freed American slaves, who immediately enslaved and oppressed the native Africans

The poorest nation on the Arabian Peninsula, which is currently in a bloody civil war

This Russian river is the longest in Europe

An Afrikaans word meaning "apartness"; where non-white South Africans were forced to live separately from white SAs.

The majority of Indians practice this religion

The belief that the souls of human beings and animals go through a series of births, deaths and rebirths

A country separating two opposing powers is known as a

Farms that were set up and owned by the communist government after they took individual farmer's land.

The capital of the Democratic Republic of the Congo is

Since 1947, India and Pakistan have fought how many wars?

The language created from Dutch by the Boers

The first democratically-elected president of South Africa after the end of Apartheid; he spent 27 years in jail

Lawlessness or the lack of government

The first democratically elected president of Russia

Dutch settlers in South Africa eventually became known as

The movement for re-establishing an independent Jewish national state in the Middle East

Israel's driest region is known as the _____ Desert

A system in which the government controlled almost all aspects of political and economic life, like in the Soviet Union.

The only African country (besides Liberia) to make it through the Scramble for Africa as an independent nation

A set of religious beliefs based on a strict interpretation of a sacred text, such as the Koran

To break up into small, mutually hostile political units

A revolution without bloodshed that led to the end of Communist rule in Czechoslovakia in 1989

A Russian word meaning "openness" that referred to one Gorbachev's policy which allowed citizens to say what they wanted

A citizen army, or an armed group operating outside the formal control or organization of the state

Black South Africans only gained full economic and political rights in the

This country was known as East Pakistan until it gained independence following a war

Islamic Places of Worship

One of the world's oldest civilizations, which flourished in present-day Pakistan from between 2500 and 1500 BC.

The value of a location to nations planning large-scale military action

This British adventurer turned soldier led the Arab Revolt against the Ottoman Empire during World War I

A general who seized power of the Democratic Republic of the Congo in the 1960s and changed the country's name to Zaire

The holiest city in Islam, where non-Muslims are forbidden from entering

Russian leader who oversaw the expansion of their land from the Pacific to the Baltic in the late 1600s and early 1700s

The name of this country means "White Russia" and it sometimes is referred to as Europe's last dictatorship.

Forcing people to move into towns and to work on collective farms.

The Communist partisan who drove the Nazis out of Yugoslavia and then served as the country's leader until the 1980s.

The arc of rich land that ran through the center of the ancient Middle East

The combination of Europe and Asia into one massive continent

This is the world's newest officially recognized country, which gained its independence in 2011

In this year, Israel declared its independence and the first Arab-Israeli War began

Son of the president of the DRC installed after the First Congo War who was elected after his father was assassinated.

A country's basic support facilities, including its roads, schools, airports, seaports and communication systems

President of the now-renamed DRC installed into power by the Rwanda/Uganda + DRC rebels after the First Congo War

The systematic killing or intentional destruction of a group of people

An unrecognized nation that broke away from the Democratic Republic of the Congo after they gained independence in 1960.

This river is sacred to Hindus

The 1916 agreement between the British and French that divided up and created the modern borders of the Middle East

An organization founded in 1885 to oppose British control of India and work towards Indian independence.

Israeli troops seized the Gaza Strip and West Bank during the Six Day War, which took place in this year

The Democratic Republic of the Congo was previously controlled by

The largest lake in Africa

To divide into parts

The Communist leader of the Soviet Union in the 1980s who introduced widespread reforms.

Mustafa Kemal was known as the father of which nation?

A lack of government

The first king of Hungary, crowned by the Pope in the year 1000 AD.

The world's deepest lake that holds about 20% of the world's fresh water.

Leader of the nonviolent movement for Indian Independence; successfully led India to independence from Britain in 1947.

A nation that did not take sides during the Cold War was known as

The religious rulers of Iran who took over after a revolution in 1979

The second longest river in Europe

A large landmass forming a distinct part of a continent

Russian term for the economic restructuring which took place that allowed some private ownership of businesses and land

A sudden political takeover, usually by the military

The process of removing salt from seawater so it can be used for drinking and irrigation

This company began setting up trading posts in India in 1618 before eventually coming to rule the entire country in 1858

The world's largest sand desert found in the Arabian Peninsula

An Islamic empire which ruled most of South Asia by the 1600s

People who share such things as culture, language and religion

The capital of Kenya, built by the British in the early 1900s on a railway line

West African rebels exploited their nations' wealth in this luxury good to fund their war efforts

The desire of a cultural group to rule themselves as a separate nation

Brutal rebellion in the 1950s in Kenya where the natives rose up and murdered many white colonists

An area completely surrounded by another country, such as Lesotho.

An empire that reached its height in the 1300s under Mansa Musa, one of the richest men in history.

A government in which one ethnic group rules over another

To refuse to purchase or use something

A severe restriction on trade with other countries

The term used to describe the extermination of more than six million Jews and others by Nazi Germany.

The traditional symbol of Armenia, where Noah's arc is said to have landed

What type of economy was the Soviet Union?

A nation that is has no access to the sea is

A three year long military conflict between the British and the Afrikaners; the British used concentration camps

Russian leader who oversaw the expansion of their land into Poland and the Ukraine during the 1700s

The richest soil in Russian, the native name means "black earth"

A society run without religious influence

The name for the ruler or monarch of Iran

A religion centered around only one god, such as Judaism

The term for the Russian Empire's monarch

Hydroelectric plants produce electricity by using

This nation is majority Hutu. Hutu blamed the minority Tutsi for killing the president and murdered almost one million

The Palestinian government in exile, the armed branch of which has also carried out terrorist attacks against Israel.

Term for Russian peasants before the October Revolution

A major world religion founded in India around 500 BC

A very peaceful nation on the Arabian Peninsula that follows a different sect of Islam than all of its neighbors.

The time period around 8000 BC where people first began to raise animals and grow crops for food.

The official currency of Russia

The Russian communist term for governing council

The tallest mountain on earth, found on the border between Nepal and China

The South African mercenary who led 5 Commando to victory over the Simba rebels on behalf of the government of the DRC.