What are the two parts of a formal definition?

Genus proximum and differential specifica

If all members of a population have equal probability of being selected for a sample, our sample is...

A probability sample or scientific sample

What type of questionnaire positions adjectives at opposing ends of a questionnaire?

Semantic differential/bipolar adjective

What is a manipulation check?

A procedure used to ensure the treatment was noticed.

Interrupted time series quasiexperiment

If a researcher calculated r from these sample data, what might be her intention?

To determine if rho = 0 in the population

If all students in RPTS 614 is a population, what is a sampling frame?

A list of students enrolled in RPTS 614

Which of the following is a research hypothesis?

As COVID 19 increases, tourism demand decreases

A researcher administered a new measure to the same group of peole on Tuesday and again on Thursday. Why?

To evaluate test-retest reliability

If a study includes only people who identify as "males," what is true?

Sex is a constant, not a variable. It does not vary.

Centurion readership and conservatism: r=.45, p<.05. Which question is important to interpretation?

Is the relation reversible or irreversible?

What is missing if this is science? If expectations are exceeded, then delight occurs.

A "because" statement representing the theory

What must be included in a well-written purpose statement?

mention of independent variable, dependent variable, and population

Which of the following is an example of a categorical variable?

Purchase descision (purchased vs. did not purchase)

What is a conceputal framework?

A graphic of relations among sets of concepts

Science is the acquisition of knowledge through:

Conceptual work and systematic empirical work

Science is the acquisition of knowledge through:

Conceptual work and systematic empirical work

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RPTS 615 Review

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Questions 85

Answers

1
What are the two parts of a formal definition?
Quantitiatve sector and qualitative sector
Theoretical and ordinary
Genus proximum and differential specifica
Independent and dependent
2
If all members of a population have equal probability of being selected for a sample, our sample is...
Unsuitable for data analysis
Limited to known parameters
A convenience sample
A probability sample or scientific sample
3
Which of the following is NOT a threat to internal validity of an experiment?
History
Maturation
Attrition
Experimental Setting
4
What is true about this distribution?
Neither of the above
It has negative skewness
Both of the above
It has positive skewness
5
What type of statistics does this table report?
Descriptive Statistics
Experimental statistics
Correlational statistics
Inferential statistics
6
Which of the following is a threat to internal validity?
Experimental Setting
Interaction with Testing
History
Sample representativeness
7
What type of questionnaire positions adjectives at opposing ends of a questionnaire?
Semantic differential/bipolar adjective
LIkert
Open-End
Slider Scale
8
What can science NOT do?
Science can do all of these.
Predict population parameters using sample data.
Answer ethical questions.
Provide evidence of cause and effect.
9
The first international agreement for ethical conduct of research.
Helsinki Agreement
Tuskeegee Code
Belmont Report
Nuremberg Code
10
If the mean of a variable is 10 in a population (Mu) and a mean in a random sample is 8, what is the sampling error?
18
2
9
10
11
What is a manipulation check?
A procedure used to ensure the treatment was noticed.
None of the above.
A financial instrument used to pay for a treatment.
A replication of an experiment to see if findings are consistent
12
What design is this?
Interrupted time series quasiexperiment
One shot case study experiment
Two group, pre-test, post-test design
Interrupted time series experiment.
13
The confidence interval for r was -.15 to +.15. So,
Praise the null
Retain the null
Embarass the null
Reject the null
14
Which of the following designs yields most confidence in the existence of cause-and-effect relations?
Cross-Sectional
Descriptive
Longitudinal
Experimental
15
If a researcher calculated r from these sample data, what might be her intention?
To degermine if Mu1=Mu2 in the population
To determine if rho = 0 in the population
Neither of the above
Both of the above
16
If all students in RPTS 614 is a population, what is a sampling frame?
None of the above
The set of steps in the process for selecting a sample.
A list of students enrolled in RPTS 614
The larger population of TAMU sudents
17
The difference between the true value of a parameter and the estimate provided by a statistic is...
A t-value
A correlation coeffient
Sampling bias
Sampling error
18
Which of the following is a research hypothesis?
rho = 0
As COVID 19 increases, tourism demand decreases
Mu1 = Mu2
Travelers are worred about COVID 19.
19
Which scale has greater internal consistency reliability (Cronbach's Alpha)?
The scale on the left
Both are the same
The scale on the right.
I have no clue!
20
A research question may be a______; a hypothesis may be t______
actual, tentative
alternative, treaherour
answered, tested
alternative, terminal
21
Random assignment means the same thing as arbitrary and hap-hazard assignment.
False
True
22
The 95% confidence interval for a difference between means was 10-20. So,
Honor the null. Give it a cookie.
Humiliate the null
Reject the null
Retain the null
23
A systematic search, analysis, and integration of existing knowledge.
Qualitative Research
A literature review
Science
A thesis
24
^{A researcher administered a new measure to the same group of peole on Tuesday and again on Thursday. Why?}
To evaluate test-retest reliability
To increase the power of her statistical test
To decrease sampling error
To evaluate internal consistency reliability
25
Science is a relatively objective process to understand the e___ of p____ c______ .
effects...possible...concepts
established...principle...and concepts
efforts...people...cultures
effects...presumed...causes
26
Achievement as measured by this test; what level of measurement?
Nominal
Ordinal
Interval
Ratio
27
Which of the following is a good strategy for reducing the width of a confidence interval?
Reduce the reliability of the measure
Conduct a descriptive study.
Decrease the sample size
Increase the sample size
28
In an experiment or quasi-experiment, one or more independent variables are ___________ .
Evaluated separately
Used to replace the dependent variable
Manipulated
Ignored duirng data analysis
29
Research participants are fully co-investigators. Type of research?
Qualitative Research
Basic Research
Quantitative Research
Action Research
30
What design is represented with these figures: R X O, R O
Two group true experiment
A descriptive study
A correlational study
Two group quasiexperimen
31
Which of the following is NOT a source of construct-related evidence of validity of a measure?
Criterion-Related Evidence
Content-Related Evidence
Predictive Evidence
Internal Consistency Evidence
32
An airline evaluates reliability of the three type of aircraft it owns. What type of research?
Applied
Qualitative
Action
Basic
33
If we used a sample of students in the recreation center to estimate demand for new facilities, our sample would be
A random sample
A probability sample
A scientific sample
A biased sample
34
Which of the variables is scale-level (interval/ratio)?
ID
Ads noticed
Days read
All of the above
35
If a study includes only people who identify as "males," what is true?
Sex is a variable
Sex is a constant, not a variable. It does not vary.
None of the above
Males is a variable
36
Centurion readership and conservatism: r=.45, p<.05. Which question is important to interpretation?
What contingent variable ) caused the relation to be significant?
Should she have calculated t instead of r?
Is the relation deterministic or stochastic?
Is the relation reversible or irreversible?
37
What is missing if this is science? If expectations are exceeded, then delight occurs.
An ostensive definition
A "because" statement representing the theory
A Result, or presumed effect
A determinant, or presumed cause
38
Which of the following is a statistical hypothesis?
Mu1 = Mu2
As COVID 19 increases, tourism decreases.
Both Triangle an diamond
rho = 0
39
What statistic would likely be calculated to represent the data in this plot?
t-test, dependent samples (matched pairs)
F
t-test, independent samples
r, the Correlation Coefficient
40
What must be included in a well-written purpose statement?
mention of independent variable, dependent variable, and population
The source of funding (sponsor)
Alternative hypotheses
Null hypotheses
41
One of the three main principles in the Belmont Report
Openness to new ideas
Beneficence
No Risk
Pride in accomplishment
42
Genus proximum: "Morale: A disposition to act together toward a common goal?"
Dispotion and common goal
Toward a common goal
This truth-asserting definition has not genus proximum.
A disposition to act together
43
Which of the following is an example of a categorical variable?
Tourist visitation nubmers for different years
Age, in years
Purchase descision (purchased vs. did not purchase)
Dollars spent
44
What is a conceputal framework?
A graphic of relations among sets of concepts
The same thing as a theory
The same thing as a hypothesis
A structure for writing formal definitions
45
Science is the acquisition of knowledge through:
Reading published literature
None of the above
Conceptual work and systematic empirical work
Conceptual work
46
Science is the acquisition of knowledge through:
None of the above
Conceptual work
Reading published literature
Conceptual work and systematic empirical work
47
What is a variable name in this data matrix?
Yes and No
Days read.
Yes
0, 0, 5, 2...
48
When is assent required (research ethics)?
When people over 55 are studied
Always
When chilren are studied
Both b and c
49
A tourism researcher measured loyalty of the same group of visitors each year for 10 years. What design was used?
Cross-Sectional
Longitudinal
Quasi-Experimental
Experimental
50
Which of the following is the correct classification of this hypothesis: ρ>0
Research, null
Research, Alternative
Statistical, null
Statistical, alternative
51
What is wrong: "Do you disagree and want to do something about it?"
Nothing
Double-barreled
Self-report
52
What is an operational definition?
A statement of how you measured or manipulated a variable.
A proposition that two variables are related
None of the above
How you improved a variable using mathematical operations
53
How can reliability be increased?
Additional items written in parallel form
Write items unrelated to the concept
Reduce the number of items to five or fewer
Reduce the range of response options to "true" or "false"
54
Science is the acquisition of knowledge through:
Conceptual work
None of the above
Reading published literature
Conceptual work and systematic empirical work
55
General outline for a research paper
RPRT
DMADV
IMRAD
DMAIC
56
Not one of the three methods of communicating research results.
Professional talk
Opinion Paper
Poster presentation
Published manuscript
57
At what location in a research paper do hypotheses usually first appear?
At the end of the methods section
At the end of the first paragraph
At the end of the literature reivew
At the beginning of the results section
58
Scales using the format, "strongly agree; agree, unsure, disagree, strongly disagree" are called...
Semantic differential Scales
Multiple Choice Scales
Open-End Response Scales
Likert Scales
59
What is wrong? "I believe good service quality increases loyalty."
Wordy, too complex.
Vagueness
Replicating the hypothesis
Negative wording.
60
If one variable usually causes a change in another variable, that relation is...
Deterministic
Substitutable
Stochastic
Contingent
61
Which is true about this data matrix?
Scale, participated, is related to the categorical, delight.
Categorical. participated, is related to scale (interval), delight
The variables are not related.
Only descriptive analysis is possible. The relation cannot be tested.
62
What are the three major categories of behavioral science research designs?
Descriptive, Cross-Sectional, and Longitudinal
Descriptive, Experimental, and Quasi-experimental
Deterministic, Stochastic, and Reversible
Descriptive, correlational, and experimental
63
Which is true about correlational reseach designs?
They are the only designs used by tourism scholars.
They yield greatest confidence in whether cause and effects exist.
They involve measuring both X and Y at the same time.
They involve manipulating independent variables.
64
Which of the following is an online database for finding primary sources?
Psych Info
Google Scholar
Sport Discuss
All of the Above
65
What hypothesis would be tested by that airline?
Mu1=Mu2=Mu3
Rho=0
All of the above
None. This is a descriptive study.
66
What is missing from this methods section: Materials, Participants, Measurement, P_____, Data Analysis
Population
Parameters
Procedures
Probability of rejecting Ho
67
According to Zetterberg, by what criteria should propositions be evaluated?
Are propositions stochastic or deterministic?
Are relations empirical or conceptual?
Are variables measured or manipulated experimentally?
Are definitions ostensive or formal?
68
Ranks of cruise lines: 1=Disney, 2=Norweigian, 3= Carnival. Level of measurement?
Interval
Ordinal
Ratio
Nominal
69
Hypotheses may be a_____ or n________ .
Action or Nonaction
Alternative or Null
Assumed or Not
Actual or Neo-Action
70
What are the four goals of science?
Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve
Define, Measure, Analyze, Deploy, Verify
Describe, Explain, Predict, Control
Determine, Describe, Detect. Distribute
71
No relation exists between youth program dosage and youth sparks. This statement is...
a statistical hypothesis
a null hypothesis
An alternative directional hypothesis
an alternative hypothesis
72
Success in negotiating a stressor may increase reslience. "Result" (Zetterberg)?
Resilience
Quality of life increased
Success
Health increased
73
Choosing every kth person after a random start.
Cluster sampling
Proportional Random Sampling
Simple Random Sampling
Systematic random sampling
74
How many groups in this experiment: R O X O ?
Three
Four
One
Two
75
A ____ is a testable statement about the empirical relation between variables.
Hypotheses
Conceptual Frameworks
Differential specifica
Genus Proxima
76
Which is a construct?
Self-Esteem
Dollars spent on travel
Age
Number of visits to a park
77
Science is the acquisition of knowledge through:
None of the above
Reading published literature
Conceptual work
Conceptual work and systematic empirical work
78
Which of the following requirements of a cause and effect relation is cannot be controlled in a correlational study?
Rival causes must not intervene
It must be reasonable to assume that X is a cause of Y
X must precede Y in time
Y must change when X changes
79
A control group in an experiment...
Consists of participants who control who receives treatments.
Does not receive the treatment
Waits to receive the treatment.
Receives the treatment
80
What is validity of a measure of a concept?
Will scores change much over time?
Is it justifiable to make an inference from the test score?
Are all items measuring the same concept?
Do all judges agree?
81
What would be an appropriate way to analyze data from the study that generated these data?
Calculate and compare group means
Scatterplot and r
Box plots and r
All of the above would be fine
82
Randomly choosing intact groups of participants, and then randomly sampling individuals within those groups.
Convenience Sampling
Simple random sampling
Systematic random sampling
Multi-stage cluster sampling
83
What is a bench test?
When you see if it is strong enough to hold up a bench you are sitting on.
When you administer your questionnaire to a small sample
All of the above.
When you show a questionnaire to friends for suggestions
84
"Crowding is tension caused by too many people" Type of definition?
Ostensive
Formal
Truth-asserting
Webesterian
85
What are the two parts of a formal conceptual definition?
Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics
Population and sample
Genus proximum and differentia specifica
Meat and potatoes

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