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POP QUIZ
POP QUIZ
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This pop quiz assesses your understanding on Chapters 1 and 2.
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Questions
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Answers
1
Which of the following is NOT an application of Occam's Razor?
In criminal investigations
In artistic expression
In scientific research
In mathematical proofs
2
Which of the following statements is true about the biopsychosocial perspective proposed by George Engel?
individuals have complete control over their health
Physical, psychological and social factors affect human health and illness.
Social and environmental factors that contribute to mental illness.
Alll psychological disorders have biological origins.
3
A manager only seeks feedback from employees who agree with their decisions and ignores those who disagree. This is:
Hindsight bias
Group polarization
Belief perseverance
Confirmation bias
4
Which of the following subfields of psychology studies mental processes, including perception, attention, and memory?
Social psychology
Clinical psychology
Cognitive psychology
Developmental psychology
5
Which of the following statements best represents the central tenet of behaviourism?
Human behaviour is influenced by a complex interaction of nature
Human behaviour is determined mainly by genetics and inherited traits.
Human behaviour is a product of environmental factors and conditioning.
Human behaviour is a result of innate and unconscious processes.
6
What type of long-term memory is responsible for conscious recollection of information?
Implicit memory
Explicity memory
Short-term memory
Sensory memory
7
What type of long-term memory is responsible for skills and habits?
Sensory memory
Sensory memory
Implicit memory
Short-term memory
8
According to the encoding specificity principle, which of the following is most likely to improve memory retrieval?
Elaborating on the meaning of the information during encoding
Retrieving information in the same context in which it was encoded
Rehearsing information repeatedly
Using mnemonic devices
9
Which of the following is an example of relearning in basic memory tasks?
Recalling information without any prior review
Reviewing material previously learned in class
Memorizing information from a single exposure
Studying for a test for the first time
10
Mental images are:
Physical sensations experienced in response to stimuli
Auditory representations of sounds or speech
Visual representations of objects or events that are not physically present
Verbal descriptions of objects or events
11
Which of the following is an example of recognition in basic memory tasks?
Reciting a poem from memory
Memorizing a list of grocery items
Recalling your phone number from memory
Identifying a familiar face in a crowd
12
Which of the following best describes cue-dependent forgetting?
The inability to remember information in the absence of a retrieval cue
The inability to remember information through classical conditioning
The inability to remember information that was not encoded properly
The inability to remember events that occurred during childhood
13
Which of the following best describes the main method used in introspection, an essential structuralist technique?
Observing and describing one's own thoughts and feelings
Conducting experiments to test observable behavior
Studying the ways in which individuals adapt to their environment
Analysing the unconscious mind through free association
14
Which of the following is an example of encoding in the process of memory?
Using previous knowledge to make inferences
Transforming sensory information into a meaningful form
Retrieving information from memory when prompted
Holding information in memory over a period of time
15
Which of the following is an example of implicit memory?
Riding a bike without thinking about the specific movements involved
Remembering your best friend's phone number
Recalling the name of the capital city of a country
Memorizing a recipe for a cake
16
Concepts are mental representations of:
Abstract ideas or categories
Introspect
Physical objects
Sensory experiences
17
Which of the following statements about procedural memory is true?
It is the memory of general knowledge.
It is the memory of facts and events.
It is the memory of skills and habits.
It is the memory of personal experiences.
18
Which type of long-term memory is responsible for general knowledge and facts?
Episodic Memory
Semantic Memory
Sensory Memory
Short-term Memory
19
Which of the following is an example of confirmation bias?
Reading news articles from a variety of sources to form an opinion
Asking a friend to counterargue your opinion before making a decision
Searching for evidence that confirms your beliefs.
Admitting when you are wrong and changing your beliefs accordingly
20
Which of the following is an example of pseudoscience?
A medication supported by rigorous clinical trials
A scientific study published in a peer-reviewed journal
A 'magical cure' to all diseases
A scientific theory that has been revised based on new evidence.
21
Which of the following statements best describes the representative heuristic?
People tend to overestimate the probability of rare events.
It is the outcome of a random event
Judge someone or something based on typical resemblances.
Judge the likelihood of an event based on easy instances
22
Which of the following is a fundamental principle of the gestalt approach in psychology by Max Wertheimer?
Humans are born with innate knowledge.
The whole is greater than the sum of its parts.
Psychology is the study of behavior.
Behavior is shaped by environmental factors.
23
What is the capacity of short-term memory?
7 +/- 2 items
Unlimited
3 items
5 items
24
A scientist questions the validity of the new theory and tests it using the scientific method. What is he practising?
Pseudoscience
Scientific skepticism
Belief perseverance
Confirmation bias
25
Which of the following is an example of retroactive interference in memory?
Forgetting how to ride a bike after learning how to drive a car
Remembering the way to an old friend's house after receiving direction
Remembering your first phone number after years of not using it
Recalling the name of a person you met last week
26
Which of the following is an example of emotional fallacy?
A doctor diagnosing a patient based on physical symptoms.
A salesperson using scare tactics to sell a product
A scientist conducting experiments to test a hypothesis
A teacher presenting evidence-based research to support a lesson plan
27
Which of the following is an example of belief perseverance?
Admitting you were wrong and apologizing for a mistake
Believing in the health benefits of a diet despite evidence to the contrary
Changing political affiliation after researching both sides of an issue
Forming a new opinion based on a friend's recommendation
28
Sarah decides to invest in the stock based on her positive feelings towards the CEO. An example of affect heuristic is:
Sarah decides not to invest because she dislikes the CEO.
Sarah decides to invest because she likes the CEO.
Sarah decides to invest because the financial reports are positive.
Sarah decides not to invest because the financial reports are negative
29
What is Occam's Razor?
A law of physics
A law of physics
A principle used to determine the simplest explanation for a phenomenon
A tool used in shaving
30
Which of the following statements is an example of negative punishment in operant conditioning?
Giving a child a candy for cleaning their room
Praising a student for getting an A on a test
Giving an employee a bonus for meeting their sales targets
Taking away a teenager's phone for breaking curfew
31
A teenager convinces their parents to let them go to a party because everyone at school is going. What fallacy is this?
Not me fallacy
Bandwagon fallacy
Emotional fallacy
False dilemma fallacy
32
Which of the following is a key concept in psychoanalysis proposed by Sigmund Freud regarding the unconscious mind?
The unconscious mind is influenced by societal norms
The unconscious mind does not play a role in shaping human behavior.
The unconscious mind is not accessible to conscious awareness.
The unconscious mind is identical to the conscious mind.
33
What is the first stage in the memory stage model?
Sensory Memory
Short-term Memory
Long-term Memory
Episodic memory
34
Which of the following is an example of memory decay?
Forgetting the name of someone you met ten years ago.
Retrieving a phone number that you learned a year ago
Recalling a childhood memory with vivid detail
Remembering the day you got your first pet
35
The availability heuristic is a mental shortcut that involves:
Judging the likelihood of an event based on its similarity to a prototype
Making a decision based on the last piece of information received
Estimating the probability of an event based on the most available examples
Predicting the likelihood of an event based on past experience
36
Which of the following is an example of emotional fallacy?
A politician using personal attacks against their opponent
A musician performing a piece with emotion and passion.
A chef presenting a recipe with precise measurements
A mathematician using formula and equation to solve a problem
37
Which of the following key concept of humanistic perspective in psychology was proposed by Carl Rogers?
Classical conditioning
Introspection
Operant conditioning
Self-awareness
38
Which type of long-term memory is responsible for personal experiences and events?
Sensory Memory
Semantic Memory
Episodic Memory
Short-term Memory
39
Which of the following is an example of retrograde amnesia?
Forgetting where you parked your car
Being unable to remember events that occurred before a head injury
Forgetting what you had for breakfast this morning
Being unable to remember the names of your family members
40
Which of the following best describes functional fixedness in problem-solving?
Object seen as only useful for its function.
overlook obvious solutions to problems.
Relying on previously learned strategies when facing new problems
ignore information that contradicts one's preconceptions.
41
Which of the following statements best describes naive realism?
Our previous experiences and beliefs shape our perceptions of the world.
Our perceptions of the world are accurate representations of reality.
The world exists independently
Our perceptions of the world are always distorted and unreliable.
42
Which of the following is an example of proactive interference?
Calling your ex-girlfriend by your current girlfriend's name
Forgetting your new phone number because of a head injury
Forgetting the name of a new colleague because you were distracted
Forgetting a new password because of your old password is interfering.
43
What are the two types of long-term memory?
Raw memory and short-term memory
Sensory and Short-term Memory
Working and Episodic Memory
Explicit and Implicit Memory
44
Which of the following psychology subfields is focused on studying personality traits and their impact on behaviour?
Developmental psychology
Clinical psychology
Personality psychology
Social psychology
45
What heuristic is at play when Sarah decides to drive instead of fly because of news reports about airplane crashes?
Anchoring heuristic
Availability heuristic
Confirmation bias
Representativeness heuristic
46
Which of the following is an example of pseudoscience?
Using astrology to predict the future
Using statistics to analyze data and draw conclusions
Conducting a controlled experiment to test a hypothesis
Reviewing peer-reviewed research articles to inform a decision
47
Which of the following best describes belief perseverance?
Believe something because it is popular or frequently repeated.
Rely on the most easily available information when making judgments.
Cling to initial beliefs even in the face of contradictory evidence.
Make judgments based on the most recent information received.
48
Which of the following goals of psychology involves changing behaviour through various interventions?
Understand
Control
Predict
Describe
49
Which of the following best represents William James' view on the purpose of consciousness, in his functionalist theory?
To uncover the structure of the mind and its underlying components
To identify the fundamental laws that govern human behavior and thought
To understand the dynamic function and adaptive value of the mind
To analyze the unconscious motives and desires that drive behavior
50
Which type of memory is consciously and intentionally recalled?
Semantic and Episodic Memory
Semantic Memory
Episodic Memory
None of the above
