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101D exam 2 Flashcards | StudBud
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101D exam 2
101D exam 2
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1
Which of these is a secondary sex characteristic?
Females’ hips grow wider.
Females begin to perform better in classes with male teachers.
Males ejaculate.
Males become more aggressive toward females.
2
Fifteen-year-old Greta’s parents are active in their local political party. Greta’s political beliefs will MOST likely:
reflect the beliefs of her parents.
reflect an unconventional belief system.
be nonexistent.
reflect beliefs opposite to those of her parents.
3
In the United States, many parochial or private schools were traditionally founded by _____, but this trend has changed.
Baptist or Muslim groups
for profit businesses
community organizations
Catholic groups
4
What refers to a boy’s first ejaculation of sperm.
puberty
erection
spermarche
menarche
5
Peers provide practice in both empathy and:
receptive communication
aggression
emotional regulation
plasticity
6
as many as __ percent of high school students report current e-cigarette use.
20
70
14
65
7
A measure of abilities in reading, mathematics, or some other subject is a(n):
achievement test.
Flynn test.
aptitude test.
intelligence test.
8
The rarest family structure in the United States is:
polygamous.
foster.
homosexual.
grandparents alone.
9
When a person expresses powerful feelings through uncontrolled physical or verbal outbursts, the person is:
extrinsically motivated.
internalizing problems.
externalizing problems.
emotionally regulated.
10
Which theory asserts that gender roles are learned and that they are a result of nurture rather than nature?
epigenetic theory
cognitive theory
psychoanalytic theory
behaviorism
11
In 2017, how many United States had high school obesity rates at 15 percent or more?
50
15
3
42
12
A crucial factor for school-age children to thrive is:
harmony and stability in the home.
a quiet home, even if there are numerous relocations.
siblings that are close in age.
adequate education.
13
most high school seniors claim they have easy access to:
marijuana.
amphetamines.
cocaine.
prescription drugs.
14
The percentage of children in the United States that attend private schools is:
30 percent
20 percent
11 percent
5 percent
15
Which child is MOST likely to engage in play with peers rather than toys?
6-year-old Enrique, an only child living with his mother and grandmother
1-year-old Wade, living with his fathers
6-month-old Ana, living with her aunt and cousins
18 month-old Sylvia, living with her siblings and parents
16
According to research, the BEST way to teach a second language is:
not yet clear.
the immersion approach
to use only one method or strategy.
the systematic English as a Second Language approach in the early grades.
17
Which of these foods is a common allergen?
lettuce
peanuts
onions
apples
18
Similar to obesity, asthma:
can affect learning.
can be generally something that a child outgrows.
can be genetically determined.
can be caused by consuming a poor-quality diet.
19
A musician who plays for the delight of making music has a(n):
extrinsic motivation
personal identity
intrinsic motivation
need for attention
20
11-year-olds Anthony and Samaan hope to have the same teachers. What developmental time period are they currently in?
adolescence
early childhood
middle childhood
infancy
21
Failure to most a child’s basic physical, educational, or emotional needs is the definition of child:
care.
neglect.
endangerment.
abuse.
22
During adolescence, testosterone in boys:
Rises dramatically
Increases some
Increases to about one-fourth more than it had been before.
Stabilizes
23
Which characteristic of adolescent thinking can magnify the effects of cyberbullying?
the imaginary audience
the invisibility fable
the personal fable
abstract thinking
24
A young child who states that “butter is made by butterflies” and “birds grow birdseed” is trying to use:
theory of mind.
social mediation.
logical extension.
scaffolding.
25
The level of moral reasoning that focuses on moral principles is called:
preconventional.
universal.
postconventional
conventional.
26
All of the following are associated with early pubertal development EXCEPT:
breast cancer.
sleep apnea.
diabetes.
stroke.
27
Current research found that, by elementary school, Head Start children maintained their strength in:
social skills.
vocabulary.
counting.
reading.
28
MOST foster children:
are adopted within three years.
have weekly contact with a social worker.
are from low-income, ethnic-minority families.
would be better off being raised in their original home environment.
29
Which of these is a recent attribute of Head Start?
Parents and teachers now work closely together.
Staff members must have an early-education degree to work in centers.
The program provides standard curriculum categories.
The program has become increasingly teacher directed
30
A characteristic of adolescence-limited offenders is that:
they were raised in wealthy, suburban neighborhoods.
they tend to break the law with their friends.
treatment is not beneficial in preventing career criminals
there are more girls than boys in this group.
31
The sociodramatic play of girls often revolves around:
fantasy themes.
domestic themes.
vocational themes.
themes of good versus evil.
32
Past experience, current opportunity, and personal motivation all facilitate increases in:
knowledge base.
control processes.
classification.
information processing.
33
The statement that growth slows down during middle childhood:
refers to a decrease in the rate of physical growth.
applies to a reduction in the new motor skills added each year.
applies to girls but not to boys.
is inaccurate.
34
When does teacher support generally decrease?
after first grade
middle school
high school
after third grade
35
Which statement is TRUE of the psychosocial development of typical 2- to 5-year-olds?
They have mixed developments of their self-esteem and self-concepts.
They typically have good self-concepts.
They have poor self-esteem
They typically have poor self-concepts
36
Which group is crucial to a bullying circumstance?
parents
siblings
teachers
peers
37
Even though it is usually not true, victims of bullying are often thought of as:
class clowns.
unattractive or odd.
gifted learners.
happy.
38
The goal of teacher-directed early-education programs is to:
ensure that all children have the same basic ability level.
help get all children “ready to learn.”
foster individual pride and accomplishment.
engage children in long-term projects.
39
First romances typically occur in high school, but breakups are common due to:
the fluidity and rapidity of selection.
disloyalty and switching.
All of these reasons.
cheating and flirting.
40
An undeveloped prefrontal cortex is responsible for in young children.
visual acuity
coordination
intelligence
impulsiveness
41
Which condition makes early childhood ideal for language development?
increased brain weight
being worry-free
social interaction
parent-child attachment
42
Research has found that sexual orientation is _____ during adolescence
stable
fluid
consistent
identified
43
What contributes to reducing childhood obesity?
being proactive
giving in to pester power
not encouraging healthy eating habits at home
not limiting children’s screen time
44
Research suggests that children engage in imitation of adults:
if they will get rewarded for the imitation.
because they are eager to learn from mentors.
to find the best way to imitate the adult.
if they will get in trouble for their imitation.
45
In 2019, what percentage of United States high school students ate the recommended servings of vegetables each day?
13 percent
2 percent
8 percent
5 percent
46
Which statement is TRUE of resilience?
A child experiencing minor stressors is considered resilient.
Resilience is defined as the absence of pathology.
Resilience is a stable trait.
Resilience is dynamic.
47
The middle childhood age group is defined as:
ages 6 to 11.
ages 4 to 7.
ages 1 to 4.
ages 5 to 8.
48
Japanese culture:
promotes the motto of peace, love, understanding, and superiority.
discourages social comparisons aimed at making oneself feel superior.
promotes cutting down “tall poppies” to discourage social comparison
encourages social comparison to feel superior when compared to another.
49
Why do babies often solo play rather than play together?
Conflict management does not develop until late adolescence.
Peer play requires social maturation.
Babies and infants are not interested in others.
Solo play is a healthier form of play for all children.
50
The ability to control when and how emotions are expressed is referred to as:
empathy
emotional regulation
behavioral regulation
emotional control
51
Which type of play appears first in Parten’s progression of social play?
parallel
associative
onlooker
solitary
52
One characteristic of both aggressive-rejected and withdrawn-rejected children is that they:
regulate their emotions.
tend to misinterpret social situations.
are dominant and aggressive.
correctly interpret social situations.
53
Teacher-directed programs emphasize:
self-paced exploration
readiness to learn
play
artistic expression
54
Which factors) would help children of war recover from severe depression and anxiety over time?
Their communities did not reject them.
All of the above.
Daily routines were restored.
At least one caregiver survived and was reunited with the child.
55
The relatively sudden and rapid physical growth that occurs during puberty is referred to as:
hormonal fluctuations.
rapid development.
proximodistal sequence.
a growth spurt.
56
Vygotsky emphasized that life lessons that a child learns are respective to both their culture and schooling and:
deemphasizes the role of formal traditional schooling
does not take into consideration the child’s motivation to learn
do not apply to adult learning
are not simply a matter of growing older or maturing
57
The term for the time when language learning is MOST easily and readily accomplished is:
a critical period.
a salient period.
a zone of proximal development.
a sensitive period.
58
Which substance has been identified as a harmful carcinogen in e-cigarettes?
tetrahydrocannabinol (thc)
tau
aerosol
benzene
59
Kohlberg’s second level of moral reasoning emphasizes:
social contracts.
universal ethical principles.
rewards and punishments.
social rules.
60
In 2015, which country had one of the highest TIMSS achievement scores?
Germany
United States
Singapore
Netherlands
61
What is adolescent egocentrism?
the inability to decenter when using logic
thinking that leads teens to focus on themselves to the exclusion of others
the ability to engage in more systematic thinking
adolescents’ belief that others are better than themselves
62
The individual who engages in hypothetical thought clearly demonstrates an understanding of the word:
why.
if.
how.
because.
63
In theory, the potential to master a specific skill or to learn a certain body of knowledge is:
intellect
knowledge
aptitude
memorization
64
Which attempt to DECREASE teen drug use actually appears to INCREASE use?
a clean-cut young person advising viewers to think before they smoke
policies that limit access to teens
antismoking ad campaigns designed to appeal to the young
parents setting limits on drug/alcohol use
65
Alda is 6 years old. What math skill will she likely have developed by now?
comprehension of numbers and counting
basic multiplication and division
understanding how to manipulate temperature
mastering word problems
66
How many African nations criminalize those who are gay, lesbian, bisexual, or transgender?
85
38
53
12
67
The same hormones that affect circadian rhythm also affect:
tissue growth.
appetite.
the timing of puberty
organ growth.
68
During puberty, different parts of the brain grow at:
uniform rates.
the same rate.
different rates.
bimodal rates.
69
Who of the following is most likely to drop out of high school?
Veronica, age 17
Simone, age 15
Claire, age 16
Mark, age 16
70
Family function thrives if the family:
has more than one child.
nurtures peer relationships.
encourages dependence.
is unable to provide security.
71
The literal meaning of lateralization is:
callosum connection
sidedness
ambidextrous
amygdala
72
In 2018, more than _______ dollars in federal funds were allocated to Head Start programs.
9 billion
3 billion
10 million
1 million
73
A federal project measuring achievement in reading, mathematics, and other subjects is the:
National Assessment of Educational Progress.
State’s Report Card.
Scholastic Achievement Test.
Academic Skills Assessment.
74
Which statement is consistent with the notion of injury control?
Fate determines the frequency and consequences of accidents.
Injuries result from careless parenting or accident-prone children.
Accidents are premeditated events.
Appropriate controls can minimize harm.
75
The knowledge that things can be arranged in a logical series is:
classification
transitive inference
reversibility
seriation
76
As friendships change from preschool to the school-age years, children are MOST likely to:
realize that friendships are not important.
change friends more often.
demand more of their friends.
find it easier to make friends.
77
The belief that nothing changes, which is a characteristic of preoperational thought, is called:
static reasoning.
symbolic thought.
animism.
focus on appearance.
78
In childhood, obesity is defined as:
having a BMI between 25 and 29.
having a BMI above the 85th percentile of children the same age.
weighing more than 50 percent of what your peers weigh.
having a BMI above the 95th percentile of children the same age.
79
______ is/are a common source for information about sex that is used by adolescents.
News
Parents
Music
The internet
80
Which statement is TRUE concerning adolescent suicide?
Rumination is common among adolescents, but suicidal ideation is not.
Suicidal ideation is common among adolescents, but not completed suicides
Parasuicide is more common between the ages of 18 and 24.
Adolescents are more likely to commit suicide than adults are.
81
A term for several suicides within a group over a brief span of time is:
cluster suicides.
parasuicides.
suicidal ideation.
complex suicides.
82
Flashing lights on stopped school buses are an example of _______ prevention
unitary
primary
secondary
tertiary
83
This disorder was once assumed, but has since been disproven, to be caused by infant vaccinations.
anorexia nervosa
acute stress disorder
Asperger syndrome
autism spectrum disorder (ASD)
84
The advanced development of the limbic system in comparison to the prefrontal cortex can be demonstrated through:
Eveningness
Pubertal timing
Sleep schedules
Executive function
85
Childhood issues with being overweight DO NOT correlate with:
genetics
having pets.!
socioeconomic status.
the environment.
86
When children develop folk psychology, they are trying to respond to questions that revolve around:
how stories relate to their own life.
what others think.
why people engage in certain behaviors.
truth versus fantasy.
87
Four-year-old Clinton asked, “Do the clouds get hurt when they touch the sun?” This is an example of:
scaffolding
static reasoning
focus on appearance
animism
88
One sign of maltreatment is:
close friendships.
expressions of joy upon seeing the caregiver.
fantasy play dominated by violent themes.
perfect attendance at school.
89
Low socioeconomic status is related to which factor associated with low academic achievement in children?
overall word sense
smaller living spaces and less secure residences
classification
use of simplified and smaller vocabulary or impaired grammar
90
According to research, children who are exposed to more than one language in early childhood:
sometimes engage in code-switching while speaking.
usually end up with impaired language development.
can become fluent in one of the languages but not the other.
become confused and are unable to separate the two languages.
91
_____ is the impulse that propels someone to act.
Punishment
Motivation
Temperament
Determination
92
Although learning disorders can appear in any skill, the DSM-5 recognizes only dyslexia, dyscalculia, and ______
dysgraphia
dyslexia
multifinality
dyscalculia
93
______would be a visual and structural representation of a school’s hidden curriculum.
Advertisements for college prep courses
Federal achievement tests
The school’s physical setting
High school murals of their mascots
94
The average child knows about_____ words at age 2 and more than _______ at age 6.
800; 20,000
500; 20,000
500; 10,000
800; 10,000
95
When it comes to religion:
teens report being spiritual but not connected to any specific religion.
teens seek out religions different from their parents’ religion.
teens have a religious identity similar to that of their parents.
teens report belonging to “unconventional” religious groups.
96
Autism spectrum disorder is characterized by:
outside circumstances.
subtle mood swings.
communication problems and insensitivity to others’ emotions.
people who enjoy cold weather.
97
The body mass index (BMI, the ratio of weight to height):
is generally high at age 7.
peaks at age 3.
peaks at age 4.
is lower at age 5 than at any other age in the life span.
98
Selective attention improves markedly with:
playing organized sports
exercise
music, visual arts and drama
sewing
99
An example of scaffolding is:
joint reading with a child- explaining, pointing, listening.
providing a child with educational books.
reading to a child while the child remains quiet and listens.
enrolling a child in a phonics course.
100
Child-centered programs stress children’s development and growth through:
academics.
making children “ready to learn.”
following adult directions.
self-direction and discovery.