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MS AP Psych 24-25 S1E review Flashcards | StudBud
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MS AP Psych 24-25 S1E review
MS AP Psych 24-25 S1E review
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1
The purpose of a control group is to…
Make the experiment more complex
Make statistical significance more likely
Isolate the effect of the DV on the IV
Isolate the effect of the IV on the DV
2
Functional Fixedness
The inability to think of new solutions to new problems
The inability to prove your hypothesis
The inability to imagine new uses for familiar objects
The inability to find proof of a solution
3
Opponent process theory _______________
explains iconic memory.
both colors in a pair are activated at the same time.
cannot explain afterimages.
states that colors are coded by photoreceptors in pairs.
4
Parasympathetic Nervous System
Allows for telepathy
Fight or flight
Calms the body conserving it's energy
Controls bodily functions
5
During Piaget's formal operational stage, teens
use their senses to explore the environment
have more abstract or hypothetical thinking
think in very concrete terms
lack object permanence
6
What is a
re-uptake inhibitor?
Prevents the usage of neurotransmitters
neuron killer
prevents the reabsorption of neurotransmitters
7
A morpheme is
a speech sound
the smallest component of speech that carries meaning
an arbitrary signal in a language system
any phrase in a given language
8
The Flynn Effect is the finding that...
The more people take a test, the better they tend to score.
Intelligence seems to increase with every generation.
Television has decreased intellectual performance.
Linguistic skills decline with age.
9
Which of the following is an example of positive reinforcement?
Buying a child a video game after she throws a tantrum.
Assigning a student a detention for fighting.
Depriving a prison inmate of sleep.
Going inside to escape a thunderstorm.
10
Which describes object permanence?
Imitation of sounds and simple gestures
Outward manifestation of emotion and feeling
The realization that objects can leave the visual field and still exist
Learning to separate themselves from other objects
11
Hindsight Bias
Gestalt Psychology
We perceive patterns that make sense of the world around us
We tend to be more confident than correct
Believing, after learning an outcome, that one would have foreseen it.
12
The explanation that holds that dreams are merely the brain’s attempt to make sense of meaningless patterns
psychoanalytic theory
humanistic theory
activation-synthesis theory
social learning theory
13
Using the original calculation of IQ scores, a 12-year-old girl with an IQ of 50 has a mental age of _______ years.
12
6
4
9
14
The visual cliff is
both a monocular and a binocular depth cue
an apparatus used to examine depth perception in infants
misperceived because of contrast effects
an example of a reversible figure
15
An authoritarian parent is...
firm but reasonable and explains why something is incorrect
very lax about discipline & gives the child complete freedom
firm, punitive, and unsympathetic
negligent
16
His work emphasized
imprinting
as a
critical period
in the lives of ducks and other birds.
Lawrence Kohlberg
Konrad Lorenz
Erik Erikson
Jean Piaget
17
Piaget's "Conservation"
Piaget's belief that kids don't like to waste material.
mass and number stay the same even when the form changes
when child puts everything in their mouth
Piaget's observation that parents hold back child learning.
18
What is Anterograde Amnesia?
Inability to create new memories after amnesia occurred.
Inability to retrieve encoded information.
Inability to recall old memories after amnesia occurs.
Inability to direct attention and focus on relevant information
19
Mary Ainsworth’s “strange situation”
provides training for the transition to foster care.
measures the child’s interest in novel unfamiliar items.
assesses the child’s attachment style.
identifies the child’s level of visual imagination.
20
Kinesthetic sense
helps us breathe without thinking
helps us know where our bodies are in space without looking
helps our hearts beat without thinking
helps us know the relative distance of objects
21
procedural memory
how to do things
facts, data, events
general factual info
personal experience
22
Insight learning
Process of watching other then later doing the same thing that was seen
An active dislike for a particular food, developed through conditioning
Sudden realization of the problem’s solution that “just came to you”
One can learn something but not show behavior right away
23
Gestalt concept of "closure" is
tendency to perceive objects that are close in same grouping
tendency to complete figures that are incomplete
tendency to perceive objects on some background
tendency to perceive pattern as continuous rather than broke
24
What is transduction?
Transforming signals into neural impulses
Making sense of the outside world
The stimulation of the senses
Sensory stimulation without perception
25
Variable ratio schedule is
reinforcement based on a certain number of responses
reinforcement based on an unpredictable amount of time
reinforcement based on an upredictable number of responses
reinforcement based on a fixed amount of time
26
Metacognition refers to
Artificial intelligence
Thinking without theory
Amnesia
Thinking about thinking
27
Authoritative parenting
Overbearing parenting when the child isnt allowed to do much
Strict parenting with a lot of rules and punishment
Emotionally warm parenting with high standards
Easy going parenting with very little rules
28
Recall vs Recognition: Fill-in the blank or essay tests refers to
Recall
Recognition
29
Insight Learning
Mentally working through a problem until the sudden realization of solution
mental representation of an area that helps an organism navigate
learning that occurs without apparent reinforcement
History of reinforced behavior influences the sudden flash of “insight”
30
A problem-solving strategy that is thorough but often inefficient.
Social Cognitive Learning
Insight
Heuristic
Algorithm
31
Retroactive Interference is...
When older memories interfere with new ones
When somebody interferes with your conversion
When somebody interferes with your tv programme
When new memories interfere with older ones
32
Learned helplessness is learned when...
you can avoid a bad situation
you can avoid a good situation
you cannot avoid a bad situation and become accustomed to it
you cannot avoid a good situation and become accustomed to it
33
What is Erickson’s Theory of Generativity?
Middle adults care less about their communities
Middle adults spend more attention on themselves than others
Middle adults give more attention toward guiding the next generation
Middle adults sleep longer
34
What is the definition of Eposodic memory?
Motor or action based memory.
information about the world such as general facts.
facts about the future.
Memory linked to your own personal experiences.
35
the medulla functions to
control vital bodily functions eg. swallowing & breathing
assist us with sleep
coordinates movements
assists us to complete crossword puzzles
36
Rooting Reflex
baby will turn their head towards a touch on the cheek
baby can grab fingers
baby makes stepping movements
Baby sucks on anything that hits the roof of their mouth
37
Which best summarizes the results of Tolman's latent learning experiment
rats that were continually reinforced ran the maze faster
reinforcement had little impact on the rats' performance
rats that received punishment ran the maze faster
rats who explored the maze first ran faster when reinforced
38
Ebbinghaus forgetting curve
Rapid storage decay initially followed by leveling off
Storage decay is rapid if one did not really encode.
We can positively transfer what we remember.
We remember things that were encoded as a flashbulb memory.
39
Weber's Law
minimum stimulation 50%
noticeable change in stimluli differ by constant %
diminished sensitivity as consequence of repetition
signals you cant detect 50% of the time
40
Aphasia is defined as:
Impairment of language production or comprehension
Impairment of balance, coordination or fine muscle control
Impairment of sensation, reading, direction
Impairment of vision or colour blindness
41
Sleep Disorders: sleep apnea
brief stops in normal breathing patterns
falling into REM sleep at random times
itchy, or cramping legs
an outside stimulus (like drugs) impacting sleep quality
42
The Broca's Area's main function is to:
control or produce language expression
interpret visual representation of language
interpret language
hear
