Indus valley from tree only found there

How was Sumer conquered?

fighting among city states made them weaker

Why did artists create paintings on walls of pyramid?

to provide buried with objects & pleasures shown on the wall

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History Review for Chapters One Through Six

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Questions 168

Answers

1
New Kingdom of Egypt:
conquered by Persia and Alex the Great
conquered Asia and Africa
all
highpoint of prosperity and power
2
Aryans spilled into Ganges Plain over 100's of years.
clans made republics
republics made decisions in assemblies then kings in 500 bc
clans with chiefs
all
3
Where is Hinduism practiced today?
India, UK, US, Canada
Southeast Asia
Bali
all
4
Archaeologists
study prehistory (no writing)
look for fossils
excavate
all
5
Phoenecians
all
society emerged in 1150 bc
city states and assemblies
origins in Canaan
6
Wise people emerged 100,000 yrs ago tall, lean and had complex language.
homo sapien
neanderthal
7
True of Neolithic Age
hunter gatherers with primitive stone tools
2 and 4
Lasted 2000-4000 years: Agricultural Revolution
more efficient tools
8
True of Phoenecians:
exports: oil, fish, cedar, bowls, tools, salt, wine
imports: jewels, Au, Ag, tin, Cu, Fe, ivory
trade routes from E ended here
all
9
Sign of a complex culture
cave paintings 16,0000 years ago
all
4 teens & dog in Lascou, France in 1940's
bulls, horses, bison...human figures, abstract designs
10
Buddha believed in following this way:
middle
supreme
11
Alphabet comes from
alpha + beta
alpha + delta
12
Cave paintings do not show Stone Age peoples were capable of complex thoughts and actions.
True
False
13
True of Abraham except
sheep herder
was a descendant of Moses
lived in Ur in 1700 bc
God entered into a covenant with him
14
Time of Judges end when
Solomon became king
Saul became king
David became king
15
Mesopotamians built walls to trap floodwaters to soak into soil and grow grains.
true
false
16
Indo Aryans theories of origin:
could have been original inhabitants
horse raising nomads migrating into India
all
invaded Indus Valley from mountains
17
Sold teak
Indus valley from tree only found there
all over Europe
18
Assyrians learned iron working from Hittites.
true
false
19
Experts in navigation: wind patterns, ocean currents, North Star
Phoenecians
Babylonians
20
Tools and crops improve, so people can build up
surplus
shortage
21
Caste system
don't mix socially across lines
all
inherited from parents & you stayed there
fixed social class you are born into, social system in India
22
True of the Book of the Dead
all of the above
help dead find happiness in afterlife, includes tale Sinuhe
famous Egyptian guide for dead souls
collection of spells,prayer,drawing buried with their dead
23
Last section of Hebrew Bible
Includes psalms, song of songs, proverbs, chronicles(hx)
Esther, Ruth, Job
all
The writings
24
Cattle overgrazing or foreign invaders may have led to disappearance of Indus River Valley.
False
True
25
Determining age of fossils & prehistoric objects
compare artifacts and now DNA testing
radioactive Carbon 14 dating
all
similar layers of rock & soil (lower layers older)-geologist
26
Name of Mary Leakey's man
homo habilis
homo sapien
homo computeris
27
Pharoahs
North red crowns, South white crowns
Narmer was 1st pharoah to unite
needed loyalty of people
all
28
Jate is divided as:
2. Kshatriyas-rulers, warriors
all
1.Priests were highest
3.Baishyas-land/bankowners, merchants
29
How was Sumer conquered?
fighting among city states made them weaker
Babylonians took over
30
Diaspora
Started with Babylonian conquest
changed worship, synagogues important
Communities of Jews livin outside homeland: Asia, Iran, Egyp
all
31
3 basic questions about economy:
who uses these goods & services
all
what goods and services should be produced
how should they be produced
32
True of pharaohs
god king as god controlled them
2 and 3
middle of social pyramid
deserved it all because they controlled Egypt
33
Are you ready for the test?
Yes
Yes
all
Yes
34
Hindu gurus believe life is cycle of birth, death and rebirth.
True
False
35
Who was Siddharta Ghatama?
info passed down by stories
Buddha
born a prince and prophesy of being a wandering holy man
all
36
Why did artists create paintings on walls of pyramid?
For decoration
to provide buried with objects & pleasures shown on the wall
37
Pharaohs
dynasty usually passed along families
mid kingdom: canals, irrigation
all
old kingdom: prosperity, poli strength, culture achievements
38
True of scribes
kept records
above bureaucrats
39
True of artisans
all
working on temples & tombs
painters, stonecutters & builders
middle class
40
Caste grouping below the sudra:
untouchable because made higher varna unclean
Dalit were toilet cleaners and animal butchers
both
41
What is jati?
all
started as occupation/family business
100's today
birth group type of caste groupings
42
Egyptian medical knowledge included advances in anatomy and mummification.
tools and study of diseases
effective medicines
all
skilled surgeons
43
There are 3 paths to moksha:
1)knowledge chosen by brahmans-true understanding of soul
2)works: carrying out religious duties-offer food & prayers
all
3)way of devotion:say name of god, travel to sacred sites
44
Bottom of social pyramid:
slaves prisoners of war or debtors
farmers, servants and slaves
all
farmers 1/2 year, laborers 1/2 year in service to pharaoh
45
Used North Star to calculate their positions.
True
False
46
Egyptians created glass, mortar, cosmetics as chemical achievements.
false
true
47
The Nile River:
1 & 2
flows through Sahara with 6 cataracts
2 rivers meet in Sudan (Nubia, Kush)
could travel North on ships
48
The tribes descended from Jacob's son settled in different areas.
false
true
49
Buddha
both
did not believe in a god
did not accept caste system
50
8 fold path
lead to 3 equalities
wisdom, right action, meditation
all
51
Pharaoh relied on bureaucracy
vizer was head of this
Took some, rest for pharaoh, priests, artisans and merchants
collected taxes in form of surplus crops
all
52
Out of Africa theory
humans migrated from Africa and replaced other groups
both
humans started in Africa and migrated out
53
Phoenecians
cloth from purple sea snails sold for high prices
slopes left little flat land for planting
all
pottery, glass, metal, wood traded for imports
54
World's oldest dice and first well built sewers were found here.
Nile River Valley
Indus River Valley
Euphrates River Valley
55
In addition to, all of life involves suffering the 4 noble truths include all except:
2) wanting for yourself causes suffering, selfish desires
2) only top caste can reach nirvana
3) give up all selfish desires
4) follow 8 fold path
56
Not true of Neanderthals
simple burial practices
made art & music
short, sturdy skeletons
appeared 200,000 years ago
57
As civilization developed
surplus was used to buy from artisans
all
artists decorated
58
Book of Joshua
in the Book of Prophets
both
begins with Exodus and goes to time in Promised Land
59
Economy
all
study of how people meet wants and needs
system used to produce and distribute goods & services
60
handy man
homo habilis made & used tools
homo sapiens made & used tools
61
Meeting places for the Jews.
temple
synagogue
62
After Joshua died
do not pass on leadership to descendants
Judges took over
were warriors or prophets
all
63
Jate is an occupation based caste begun as extended family as occupation.
False
True
64
Excavation site
look for artifacts, bones, identify patterns
old settlements: villages, campsites
archaeologists uncover these sites covered in dirt
all
65
Priests in Sumer
all
polytheists: keep gods happy to prosper
part of social order of 3 classes
Upper class: rulers, priests, landown, merchants, officials
66
Nile River silt
deposited at delta in Lower Egypt
deposited at delta in Upper Egypt
67
True of Egyptian calendar
all
added leap years in 200 bc's b/c seasons shifted slowly
need same # days/year: solar calendar of 365 days
used to help with record keeping
68
Avoiding doing harm to any living thing and part of dharma.
hummus
ahimsa
ahumsa
69
First major attempt to establish and enforce the rule of law
all members, even rich, must obey the law
same
Hamurabi code
key concept in democratic principles
70
A narrow strip of fertile soil lines both sides of Nile.
all
vast deserts on either side
heavy rainfall in summer in East would then leave fertile
Egypt is called Kemet or black land
71
Focuses on the wisdom of the Buddha:
Judaism
Mahayana
Hinduism
Theravada
72
During this time tools are streamlined, larger animals hunted, fire frees from climate and sun.
false
true
73
Jacob moved from Canaan to Egypt
Described in Genesis
all
due to famine
grain in Egypt
74
Not true of Egyptian calendars
seasons would run behind on lunar calendar
wanted to link calendar to seasons for planting & harvesting
later based on Sirius
measured time based on moon, 354 days
75
Farmers stored surplus grain in granary...
Japan
China
Indus Valley
76
A person's duty or what is right for him/her. First rule of Hinduism.
1 and 2
duty of your caste
dharma includes ahimsa
nirvana
77
Belief that natural world is full of spirits.
animationa
pictures of animals were a way to forgive killing them
2 & 4
animism
78
Assyrians had
provinces with governors
both
Asherbanipal made a great library
79
Paleolithic= Greek for old + stone
tools: cut food,chop small trees, scrape skins
2.5 million to 10,000 years ago
all
early humans made tools of stone at 1st simple
80
In upper Egypt, silt from sources in E Africa make Nile valley fertile.
false
True
81
Culture diffusion
Assyrians took over Phoenecians
Greeks and Romans took over Phoenecians
82
She married a Persian king.
Naomi
Ruth
Esther
83
Importance of burial practices
Ice Age people did bury dead
rituals important part of early culture: beyond survival
all
sign of afterlife
84
Egyptian advances included:
all
astronomy: calendars
math: pyramids, geo, arith
engineering: pyramids, complex irrigation systems
85
True of bureaucrats
could become pharaoh if elected
included nobles, priests, officials
1 and 2
below pharaoh in pyramids
86
Indus River
flows across South Asia
by 3000 BC cities unraveled as populations grew b/c surplus
are dry most of year, flooding left fertile soil
1 and 2
87
Liberation is the final goal of Hinduism when soul becomes one with Brahman.
karma
moksha
88
Disappearance of Indus Valley
Around 1700 BC people abandoned cities, civi declined
forests stripped- no wood for building or cover
standing H2O in drains-mosquitos
all
89
Common between homo sapiens and neanderthals except
buried dead, used fire
made tools, hunted in groups
one had large brains
lived in same region
90
What is a granary?
a special building used to hold grain
both
place to store & protect surplus in Indus Valley
91
The law of karma
bad karma=rebirth in lower caste or as an animal
good karma=rebirth higher caste
determines your rebirth
all
92
Babylon is modern day
Baghdad
New Delhi
93
In modern India, treating dalit badly is ilegal.
false
true
94
True of Hammurabi
ruled for 30 years and built an army
after destruction of Ur, he made Babylon a new empire
military leader, strong govt, sent governors
did not oversee public projects
95
Egyptian afterlife
all
1st: live good life; sinful destroyed
2nd: preserve bods so spirit could recognize as a home
like Osiris people could have life after death
96
City states
each was a center of trade
all
each had own govt, laws & main god
independent state including a city & surrounding territory
97
Around 5000 BC Indians learned art of writing, best known Veda is
both
Rig Veda
praises Arian gods & goddessses
98
Moses lived to see the Promised Land with Joshua.
false
true
99
Upanishads
one god known as Brahman and all have soul(form of Brahman)
all
all gods are forms of brahman (vishnu,krishna,sheva,shakti)
writings of gurus
100
Priests and kings had a symbiotic relationship, until
kings took over
both divided it all
priests took over
101
Only homo sapiens not neanderthals except
made art & music
used fire
complex burial practices
complex language
102
Judeo Christianity
basis of modern societies with rights, justice and responsi
both
set of values shared by Judaism and Christianity
103
In Hinduism, the effect of people's actions in this and previous lives.
dharma
karma
104
Manages societies resources for survival of its members.
includes forming an army
both
a role of government
105
Significance of steady food supply in Sumerian city-states
dependable food supply-> population grew
3400 BC cities formed in southern mesopotamia
both
106
Caste system became more rigid over time and limited freedoms but some think it helped.
false
true
107
Ramses was known for:
all
being warlike fighting in Fertile Crescent
great builder of monuments
made peace with Hittites
108
Used stone seals to identify their goods and accurate weights & measures for trade.
Sumerians
Phoenicians
109
True of Nile River
White Nile from Victoria and Blue Nile from Ethiopia
world's longest river: 3,500 miles ends in Medit Sea
all
Egyptian civilization arose in the fertile valley
110
Why would people domesticate animals?
makes them useful for humans: smaller, meat, eggs, milk
help with protection & companionship
work animals, clothing (silkworm)
all
111
Only female judge
Devorah
Esther
Deborah
Ruth
112
Phoenecians
city states along modern Lebanon
Skilled navigators, ships sailed or use oars
dominated Mediterranean sea trade like the Minoans
all
113
Relief sculpture
scene sticks out of base material
all
famous eg: Stele of Hammurabi
may be found on a stele
114
Focuses on Buddha's compassion:
all
Mahayan a Buddhism
greatest achievement: returning from nirvana to share
China, Japan, Mongolia, Koreas, Bhutan
115
Hunter gatherers
all
groups of 10-12 adults with kids
nomads
boys hunted; girls fruits, nuts, herbs, fish, lizards
116
Indo Aryans and Vedic Age:
believed in the Vedas
both
introduced new social structure and polytheistic religion
117
True of traditional economy:
people make economic decisions based on customs, habits
all
meet need with hunting & gathering as ancestors did
don't want to change way of life, livestock herders in Niger
118
Spread of Buddhism
India, Sri Lanka, Central and East Asia
all
more than 2.2 million in USA
monasteries (study, meditate) & missionaries
119
Wealthy Egyptians were mummified, poor people were left to dry in the desert.
True
False
120
Nile flows upstream from Mediterranean in a narrow valley lined with cliffs.
True
False
121
Market economy
USA example
individuals decide what is produced
all
capitalism
122
Hunter gatherers
all
many groups appeared and died out
harsh lives, had tools
Lucy was one
123
The Promised Land is
Canan
Palestine
Israel
124
Not a type of economy
market
traditional
command
unmixed
125
Specialization
tool axes, knives; potters-clay;weavers-clothes; metal work
can trade goods for surplus food of farmers ->social differ
people spend most of time working at single job or craft
all
126
Exodus
escape of Israelites from Egypt
Sinai for 40 years received instruction on worship & reli ob
all
commemorated on Passover
127
What did the people of the Indian subcontinent depend on for their agriculture?
winter monsoons
summer monsoons came from the ocean
128
May have been the first to grow cotton for cloth.
Nile River
Indus River
Sudan
129
Which is not one of the 3 qualities:
priesthood
meditation
wisdom
right action
130
Aryans
loved music & dance, chariot racing
all
still warriors on 2 wheel chariots and using iron tools
nomadic cattle herders later also farming
131
Phoenecian colonies and city states
harbors at first->fertile land led to settlements ->colonies
Assyrians attacked in 800 bc and they went to city states
Romans took over
all
132
This shows animals important in Indus River Valley
ate sheep, cattle, chicken and goats
oxen for work
all
drawings on pottery
133
command or central economy
government makes all economic decisions
free market
134
In Lower Egypt, the Nile fans out into marshy areas and streams dropping silt
False
True
135
Hammurabi's Code
set of laws in Babylon
1 and 2
some 300 laws: crimes, marriages, worse if hurt class above
were all new
136
Found in Olduvai Gorge in Tanzania
Lucy
Elvis
Mr. Clean
Elf
137
Mysteries of Indus Valley
all
strong government due to planning of cities and citadel
statues looked like gods from Hinduism or meditation
no obvious temples or priests; can't read symbols
138
Government
both
one of 8 basic features of civilizations
group of people with power to make and enforce laws
139
Other places cave paintings found
Spain
all
France
Sahara
140
Alphabet
all
cuneiform 100's of symbols
22 symbols= consonant
writing much easier for trade greeks added vowels
141
In Jati, sudra were farmers, and servants and were twice born.
false
true
142
Who are the Pharaohs?
Hatsheput and Ramses II
Tut and Cleopatra
Osiris and Bast
Carter and Sadie
143
Bones tell us size and structure of body but teeth do not tell us the kind of food they ate.
false
true
144
Sumerian writing
system for keeping records of goods in temple
both
pictographs-> cuneiform
145
True about Indus Valley
7000 BC farmers started growing crops near valley
1 and 2
1700 BC they appeared
2500 BC had advanced civilization
146
Who was Sargon?
all
King of Sumerian city state called Kish
changed language, daughter high priestess of UR
Arcadian who conquered Sumer (similar-used Cuneiform)
147
As herds improve, surplus occurs leading to specialization.
true
false
148
Why were Assyrians good fighters:
all
had iron weapons
had cavalry
fought many invaders who conquered them
149
Mary Leaky oversight excavation in 1960 in Tanzania.
False
True
150
Not true of Torah
must be memorized word for word
first 5 books of Old Testament of Christians
describes origins of Jews
first 5 books of Hebrew Bible
151
Blissful peace without desire or suffering
all
no rebirth
reached after 8 steps
nirvana
152
Babylonian artists
both
gold and bronze sculptures
precious jewels
153
What was Hatshepsut known for?
one of only female pharaohs
Negotiating and wearing a fake beard
1 and 3
Warlike
154
What did people need to have a surplus of food?
tools of iron and bronze
all
agricultural revolution with domesticated animals & plants
Neolithic age: farm and settle in one place
155
The Indus Valley civilization had advanced system of weigh & measurements of 10, metric system.
True
False
156
Nebuchadnezzer
Old babylonian empire
Neo babylonian empire emerged
157
Not a feature of early civilization
high fashion
arts & architecture, writing
government, established religion, cities
job specialization, social classes, public works
158
After how many years did Buddha realize self denial to extremes was not the path to truth.
20
2
30
6 years and 49 days/nights under Bodi tree
159
Effects of less farmland for Nubians
sometimes short of food, traded Fe, Au with southern Africa
all
Depended on Nile, farmed narrow strip of land along it
had smaller surplus than Egyptians to support cities
160
What are the Vedas?
all
call on people to offer milk,barley,butter to gods
priests memorized/sang verses in ceremonies
passed down for 1000 yrs by word of mouth in Sanskrit
161
Mixed economy
US and Australia
Cuba and Korea
162
Civilization develops:
7,000 years ago in Mesopotamia
growing grains, leading to surplus
both
163
Spread of Hinduism
flexibility
traders carried it to other areas
no attendance at religious services-shrine, temples
all
164
Nubians adopted from Egyptians
built temples to gods and saw kings as gods
traditional Egyptian ways
all
165
Indus River valley promoted health
trash chutes with bins in streets
Indoor toilets and sewer
wide city streets in grid pattern
all
166
Developed as a religion more than 3,000 yrs ago in Fertile Crescent based on 1 God & ethics.
Islam
Judaism
167
Israelites
God gave food and H2O from heaven
on journey in desert fought harsh conditions & people
Both
168
True of Prophets
preachers, poets, and reformers
a person believed to be chosen by God as a messenger
chapter of Hebrew Bible following torah
all

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