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IB ESS Topic 3 Flashcards | StudBud
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IB ESS Topic 3
IB ESS Topic 3
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1
Zoos can help maintain genetic diversity in endangered species.
True
False
2
An invasive species is one that:
Is native and beneficial
Upsets native ecosystems
Is protected by law
Is artificially controlled
3
Speciation can occur when:
Populations become isolated and evolve separately
All species migrate
There is no environmental pressure
Individuals within a population are randomly assorted
4
Which of the following is a keystone species?
One that greatly influences ecosystem structure
One with minor ecosystem roles
Any endangered species
One that has no predators
5
Habitat fragmentation leads to increased:
Genetic diversity
Edge effects
Reproductive success
Ecosystem resistance
6
Rewilding includes reintroducing native species to their habitats.
False
True
7
Species richness refers to:
The total genetic variation in a species
The quality of ecosystem services
The balance between predator and prey populations
The number of different species in a community
8
Which of the following is a DIRECT threat to biodiversity?
Overexploitation
Climate change
Habitat loss
Invasive species
9
Botanical gardens contribute to biodiversity by:
Encouraging logging
Draining wetlands
Promoting monoculture
Storing seeds and educating the public
10
Which biome is considered a global biodiversity hotspot?
Arctic tundra
Amazon rainforest
Sahara desert
Taiga forest
11
Ecotourism can generate income for local communities while supporting conservation.
True
False
12
Maximum sustainable yield (MSY) refers to:
Minimum population for conservation
Excessive logging limits
Max harvest without harming population sustainability
Most profit in agriculture
13
Natural selection involves all of the following EXCEPT:
Adaptation
Variation
Speciation
Competition
14
Preservation biology aims to:
Manage natural resources
Promote mining
Exclude human influence entirely
Develop agriculture
15
The IUCN Red List provides legal enforcement for conservation.
False
True
16
Invasive species are always beneficial to ecosystems.
False
True
17
Species with narrow niches are more prone to extinction.
True
False
18
What is evolution?
A natural disaster impacting ecosystems
The sudden mutation of an individual
The cumulative change in heritable traits of a population over generations
The extinction of species due to climate change
19
What defines a mass extinction?
Sudden increase in genetic diversity
Loss of 10% of species in a region
Complete desertification of a continent
75% of species lost globally in a geologically short period
20
A round-shaped protected area is preferred because:
It maximizes edge effects
It is cheaper to manage
It has less edge and more interior space
It supports fewer species
21
Wildlife corridors are used to:
Encourage hunting
Introduce invasive species
Connect fragmented habitats
Limit species movement
22
What is a major limitation of NGOs compared to IGOs?
Less influence on media
No interest in conservation
Lack of funding
No legal enforcement power
23
All biodiversity hotspots are located in the tropics.
True
False
24
What does the Living Planet Index track?
Poaching activity
Number of invasive species
Fossil fuels in ecosystems
Trends in vertebrate populations
25
NGOs can sometimes respond more quickly to conservation issues than IGOs.
True
False
26
Which geological activity most influences biodiversity?
Tsunamis
Tectonic plate movement
Solar flares
Volcanic ash collection
27
The illegal trade in animal parts and live specimens is referred to as:
Poaching
Conservation breeding
Domestication
Habitat restoration
28
Which conservation method uses ecological principles to design areas?
Protected area planning
Reforestation
Poaching control
Endangered species trading
29
Which species status indicates it is close to extinction but still has some populations left?
Vulnerable
Least concern
Critically endangered
Extinct
30
Why is genetic diversity important?
It reduces species extinction
It increases monoculture yields
It causes habitat fragmentation
It helps adaptation to environmental changes
31
Maximum sustainable yield always leads to population increase.
True
False
32
What is rewilding?
Urban development planning
Breeding domestic animals in the wild
Tourism expansion
Restoring ecosystems and natural processes
33
Evolution can happen over a single generation.
True
False
34
Flagship species are chosen because they are:
Invasive
Small and hidden
Endemic
Popular and charismatic
35
The Tragedy of the Commons refers to overuse of shared resources for personal gain.
True
False
36
Tragedy of the commons illustrates:
The advantages of private ownership
How communities conserve together
A natural selection process
The overuse of shared resources
37
A species with a small population size and low genetic diversity is:
Unaffected by climate
More resilient
Likely to migrate
Prone to extinction
38
Species evenness refers to the balance in population sizes of different species.
False
True
39
Which of these is NOT a threat to coral triangle biodiversity?
Overfishing
Glacial melting
Pollution
Climate change
40
Protected areas that are close together are better for species dispersal than isolated ones.
True
False
41
The IUCN Red List is a tool for:
Measuring temperature change
Identifying and assessing species conservation status
Enforcing conservation laws
Listing zoos and aquariums
42
An example of an IGO is:
Greenpeace
Amazon Watch
United Nations Environment Programme
World Wildlife Fund
43
A biodiversity hotspot is defined as a region that:
Has no endemic species
Is cold and remote
Has low species richness but high habitat diversity
Is rich in biodiversity and under threat
44
Which best describes the role of individuals in biodiversity conservation?
Enforce laws
Make sustainable lifestyle choices
Create international agreements
Fund scientific institutions
45
CITES regulates trade in species to prevent overexploitation.
True
False
46
Which of the following is a key feature of conservation biology?
Human exclusion
Climate engineering
Industrial expansion
Sustainable use of natural resources
47
Which of the following is an example of a species-based conservation approach?
Buffer zones
Flagship species campaigns
Climate regulation
Habitat corridors
48
The sixth mass extinction is primarily caused by natural events like volcanoes.
True
False
49
Which index is commonly used to measure biodiversity?
Lincoln-Petersen Index
Trophic Level Index
Richter Scale
Simpson’s Diversity Index
50
Which of the following is NOT a type of biodiversity?
Evolutionary diversity
Habitat diversity
Species diversity
Genetic diversity
