In the United States, social class position at birth ______.

has a large effect on an individual’s life chances

If you are practicing cultural pluralism, you believe that _______.

different racial and ethnic groups should accept each other’s differences

In socially stratified systems, ______.

rankings apply to social categories of people

Sociologists generally view race as _______.

a socially significant phenomenon

Neighborhood poverty ______.

amplifies the other effects of poverty

Which of the following is true of class societies?

allow people to gain status through merit and accomplishments

Food deserts are characterized by ______.

poor access to healthy and affordable food

Which of the following is one of the “benefits” that the poor create for the nonpoor, according to Gans?

Poverty ensures that there's always a group of people to do the dirty work

Social stratification ______.

is a ranking of groups based on their position in a hierarchy of inequality

In a pluralistic society, ______.

what is deviant in one group may not be deviant in another

primarily derived from home equity in the United States

Building on Goffman’s work, Candace West and Don Zimmerman asserted that gender is more _______ rather than _______.

an activity we do; a fixed identity

Cities in the United States today have high levels of segregation, in part because of which of the following?

It is legal to segregate housing markets by income.

Which of the following accurately represents the arguments of feminist theories of deviance?

Female deviance is subject to gender-specific cultural norms.

The gender wage gap is ______.

partly the result of stereotypes&employers’ perceptions of indirect costs

Louis Wirth noted that minority groups share certain traits, including the fact that ________.

they are seen as members of a category and not as individuals with unique m

Class-dominant theories of deviance argue that ______.

dominant groups push their own self-interests to decide what to label devia

Powerful people with a lot of capital, like political leaders and celebrities, are ______

less likely to escape punishment for deviance than ordinary people

Which of the following best describes the relationship between social class and health in the United States?

Ppl w/ access to greater levels of education&wealth are less likely to die

an action that violates a norm and can be received with disapproval

Research into the biological basis for deviance proves that ______.

any biological basis for deviance is influenced by both social&env factors

Which of the following is a likely reason that boys score better than girls on standardized tests like the SAT?

Girls may be socialized to believe they are bad at important test topics.

Historically, White people ______.

have typically had an advantage in migrating to the United States

Schools participate in socializing children in a variety of ways. For example, _______.

they provide an unspoken form of socialization known as a “hidden curriculu

Which of the following is true of caste societies?

These societies keep individuals at the same social position for life

The distribution of wealth in the United States ______.

is even more unequal than the distribution of income

The United States has never_______.

been without racial and ethnic stratification

Recent studies have found which of the following are true about male cartoon characters?

Male cartoon characters tend to be powerful, dominant, and smart.

Which of the following is true of the U.S. population?

It is becoming increasingly diverse.

A minority group is one that _______.

has less power than the dominant group

According to functionalist theory, deviance ______.

can serve a useful purpose for society

According to sociologist Michael Kimmel, which of the following is a “basic rule of manhood” that exists in U.S. culture

No “sissy stuff,” or avoid being feminine.

Studies of the biological basis of race have shown which of the following?

There is more genetic variation within races than between races.

Which of the following best reflects the legality of child labor in the United States?

Child labor laws are generally more relaxed for agriculture.

Criminal behavior ______.

is defined by law and is punishable

Which of the following factors contribute to the building of a school-to-prison pipeline?

zero-tolerance policies for certain deviant behaviors

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1
In the United States, social class position at birth ______.
has a large effect on an individual’s life chances
has no effect on an individual’s life chances
is something they can change if they earn enough money
has an unknown effect on an individual’s life chances
2
If you are practicing cultural pluralism, you believe that _______.
racial and ethnic differences should be abandoned
every group should adopt the practices of the dominant group
different racial and ethnic groups should accept each other’s differences
all racial and ethnic groups should be segregated
3
In socially stratified systems, ______.
rankings are not influenced by achieved and ascribed statuses
people’s life experiences are not influenced by ranking of social groups
the hierarchical positions of social categories tend to change rapidly
rankings apply to social categories of people
4
Sociologists generally view race as _______.
a socially significant phenomenon
having little impact on everyday life
a completely biological phenomenon
the same across different societies
5
Neighborhood poverty ______.
has no effect on residents
causes greater social solidarity among residents
amplifies the other effects of poverty
is generally not measured or studied
6
?
ritualism
innovation
conformity
retreatism
7
Which of the following is true of class societies?
do not define social position based on economic status
define social position solely based on ascribed characteristics
allow people to gain status through merit and accomplishments
have fixed boundaries between social positions
8
Food deserts are characterized by ______.
poor access to healthy and affordable food
being located in middle-income communities
foods high in nutrients and low in sugar
being close to well-stocked supermarkets
9
Which of the following is one of the “benefits” that the poor create for the nonpoor, according to Gans?
Poverty ensures that there'll always be ex of people who didn’t try hard en
Poverty ensures that sociologists will continue to have jobs
Poverty ensures that there's always a group of people to do the dirty work
Poverty ensures that there'll always be a surplus of ppl willing to fight
10
Social stratification ______.
is economic stress
is a ranking of groups based on their position in a hierarchy of inequality
only exists in modern societies
only exists in less developed countries
11
______ is when a man receives a career boost simply because he is a man in a female-dominated occupation.
The glass ceiling
Gender occupational segregation
Hostile environment harassment
The glass escalator
12
In a pluralistic society, ______.
deviance only happens among the minority group
what is deviant in one group may not be deviant in another
deviance does not exist
long-held beliefs&practices are immune to radical transformations over time
13
Wealth is ______.
primarily derived from home equity in the United States
equally distributed within the United States
the amount of money a person or household earns in a given time
less inheritable than income
14
Building on Goffman’s work, Candace West and Don Zimmerman asserted that gender is more _______ rather than _______.
an activity we do; a fixed identity
a genetic marker; an activity we do
innate; an idealization
a biological fact; a performance
15
_______ is an inflexible attitude toward others.
prejudice
stereotyping
discrimination
stigma
16
Cities in the United States today have high levels of segregation, in part because of which of the following?
Minority groups tend to get better mortgage rates.
There are no laws against residential segregation by race.
It is legal to segregate housing markets by income.
Apartheid is currently a state policy of the United States.
17
Which of the following accurately represents the arguments of feminist theories of deviance?
Male and female deviance are generally treated the same.
Male deviance is more stigmatized than female deviance.
Any theory of deviance will only be adequate if it is gender-neutral.
Female deviance is subject to gender-specific cultural norms.
18
The fastest-growing jobs since the Great Recession are in the ______ sector.
manufacturing
service
financial
farming
19
?
Prejudice
Discrimination
Stigma
Mixed contact
20
Which of the following household arrangements is most likely to live in impoverished areas?
Predominantly White households
Male-headed households
Female-headed households
All types of households are equally likely
21
The gender wage gap is ______.
something that no longer exists in the United States
partly the result of stereotypes&employers’ perceptions of indirect costs
not related to occupational segregation
solely the result of women’s individual choices to go into “feminine” jobs
22
Louis Wirth noted that minority groups share certain traits, including the fact that ________.
they are seen as members of a category and not as individuals with unique m
membership in the minority group is voluntary
they control the valued resources within society
they are numerically the smallest group in society
23
Women’s enrollments in college are _________, and in the workplace they tend to make _______ than their male counterpart
decreasing; more
increasing; less
decreasing; less
increasing; more
24
Class-dominant theories of deviance argue that ______.
all societies contain at least three distinct classes of people
dominant groups push their own self-interests to decide what to label devia
economic capital is more important than social capital in determining devia
social bonds are best predictors in determining someone’s likelihood of dev
25
Which of the following terms refers to a practice where someone found guilty of a crime is required to serve a sentence
Mandatory minimum sentences
The school-to-prison pipeline
The “war on drugs”
“Three strikes” laws
26
Powerful people with a lot of capital, like political leaders and celebrities, are ______
about as likely to escape punishment for deviance than ordinary people
less likely to escape punishment for deviance than ordinary people
unlikely to commit deviant acts
more likely to escape punishment for deviance than ordinary people
27
Which of the following best describes the relationship between social class and health in the United States?
Children from high-income and low-income families have similar mental healt
Ppl w/ access to greater levels of education&wealth are less likely to die
Food deserts in wealthy areas mean that wealthy ppl often must drive a lot
Research shows no discernable link between social class and health outcomes
28
Deviance is ______.
always within the control of individual who is seen as deviant
something that can only be committed by those in power
an action that violates a norm and can be received with disapproval
determined solely based on whether something is legal or illegal
29
Research into the biological basis for deviance proves that ______.
skull shape and body type are effective predictors of individual deviance
any biological basis for deviance is influenced by both social&env factors
identical twins have identical levels of deviance
person’s level of deviance is determined solely by their genetic inheritanc
30
Which of the following is a likely reason that boys score better than girls on standardized tests like the SAT?
Girls are expected to do better on standardized tests
Boys are taught standardized testing from a young age, while girls aren’t.
Girls may be socialized to believe they are bad at important test topics.
Boys are naturally better than girls at standardized tests.
31
______ states in the United States prohibit inmates from voting while incarcerated.
about 10
about half the
no
all but two
32
Historically, White people ______.
have never been divided among ethnic lines after migrating to the US
have typically had an advantage in migrating to the United States
have never made up a high percentage of the foreign-born in the US
have only migrated to the US from Protestant-heavy areas of Europe
33
Young women in the United States today are more likely than young men to ______.
have dropped out of college
have low high school grade point averages
have a bachelor’s degree
have dropped out of high school
34
Schools participate in socializing children in a variety of ways. For example, _______.
changing norms of gender are not noticeable because they are punished
textbooks are overpopulated with female subjects
they provide an unspoken form of socialization known as a “hidden curriculu
schools encourage shyness in boys to counteract aggression
35
Which of the following is true of caste societies?
These societies keep individuals at the same social position for life
These societies have become increasingly common over the past few centuries
Individuals have social status based on achieved characteristics.
These societies mainly appear in advanced industrial societies.
36
A woman in a 2-parent household who comes home from work&then must take on the primary responsibility for the unpaid wor
sexual harassment
the second shift
gender occupational segregation
multicultural feminism
37
The distribution of wealth in the United States ______.
is not considered a problem by sociologists
has been decreasing in inequality for a half-century
is even more unequal than the distribution of income
is roughly equal among all social classes
38
The United States has never_______.
had legal segregation of any group of people
been without racial and ethnic stratification
had any form of cultural pluralism
engaged in the expulsion of any group of people
39
Recent studies have found which of the following are true about male cartoon characters?
Male cartoon characters tend to be fearful, polite, supportive, or romantic
They convey gender-neutral images.
Male cartoon characters tend to be powerful, dominant, and smart.
Female cartoon characters outnumber male characters 4 to 1.
40
According to sociologists, a person’s sex _______.
is solely biological
relates to anatomy and biology
is invariably linked to their sexuality
always determines their gender
41
Which of the following is true of the U.S. population?
It is becoming increasingly diverse.
The number of people self-identifying as mixed race is declining.
At the time of the 2020 census, the majority of children under 2 years were
New births are the primary source of population growth.
42
Race and ethnicity are _______.
two words describing the same thing
only important in modern, technologically advanced societies
both socially constructed
both based on biological difference between groups
43
A minority group is one that _______.
is racially defined
has less power than the dominant group
is numerically smaller than the dominant group
has the longest history of immigration
44
According to functionalist theory, deviance ______.
never occurs under conditions of anomie
happens because societies typically have a low degree of consensus on norms
can serve a useful purpose for society
undermines social solidarity by confusing the boundary between right/wrong
45
According to sociologist Michael Kimmel, which of the following is a “basic rule of manhood” that exists in U.S. culture
Be a “flexible branch,” or adaptable to any situation.
No “sissy stuff,” or avoid being feminine.
Be a “forward thinker,” or exude a sense of compassion toward women&kids
Be a “wheeler and dealer,” or an outgoing person.
46
Studies of the biological basis of race have shown which of the following?
There is more genetic variation within races than between races.
Today’s races evolved independently from widely separated, wholly distinct
Racial definitions within society are solely based on biological characteri
There are four genetically separate races in the world.
47
Which of the following best reflects the legality of child labor in the United States?
Child labor laws are generally more relaxed for agriculture.
Child labor only applies to those under the age of 6.
Child labor is banned under all circumstances.
There are no laws prohibiting child labor.
48
Criminal behavior ______.
cannot take place within legitimate organizations
is also always deviant behavior
is defined by law and is punishable
can only be performed by citizens and not states
49
When researchers note that girls have been socialized to believe that boys are better at math, this is an example of ___
the stereotype threat
the glass ceiling
the division of labor
the second shift
50
Which of the following is associated with the functionalist perspective of deviance?
Differential association
Phrenology
Structural strain
Labeling
51
Which of the following factors contribute to the building of a school-to-prison pipeline?
the need to fill empty jail cells as the adult crime rate decreases
replacing police in schools with counselors
the declining use of standardized tests
zero-tolerance policies for certain deviant behaviors
52
Asian Americans represent what sociologists refer to as a ______ minority, or a racial or ethnic group with higher achie
model
disadvantaged
underclass
statistical
53
Plessy v. Ferguson (1896), a U.S. Supreme Court case that upheld racial segregation laws for public facilities, is ex of
individual discrimination
institutionalized discrimination
stereotyping
social epidemiology
54
Chambliss’s study of the Saints (middle-class teens)& the Roughnecks (working-class teens) living in the same area concl
the Saints and Roughnecks participated in very different types of deviance
the Saints were not labeled as deviant even when they participated same act
the Saints never showed remorse for their misdeeds
the actions of the Saints were more dangerous and deviant
55
Durkheim found in his study of suicide that ______.
suicide was not considered a deviant act by most cultures
suicide rates were correlated with levels of social solidarity within group
suicide rates were not correlated to any one particular factor
suicide rates were correlated with the presence of certain biological trait
56
Which of the following is true about crime in the United States?
Violent crime is not stigmatized by U.S. society.
Property crime rates have been increasing for nearly half a century.
White-collar crime has very little impact on society in the United States.
Property crime occurs more often than violent crime in the United States.
57
?
Socialist feminism
Multicultural feminism
Radical feminism
Liberal feminism
58
According to standpoint theory, ______.
researchers are never really capable of producing knowledge without surveys
researchers produce knowledge that is influenced by their own position
researchers are always free to produce unbiased knowledge
researchers should be standing during experiments to produce valid results

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