EIP2 E1

represents the amount of increase in odds favoring condition if tests results are positive; high number increases shift

EBPT requires clinicians to select best available clinical evidence

risk of developing a disorder in pts with a prognostic factor compared to the risk in pts w/o the prognostic factor

seeks to understand individuals POV from a theoretical perspective that is based on empirical data collected

"what are side effects of steroid treatments for asthma?"/"how long will it take for a TKA incision to heal?"

how accurately a test measures a concept/theory

the generation of theory

error for same therapists repeating measures

which of the following databases is specific for PT related research?

when investigators move from observations to hypoth or from hypoth to logical implicatations is the scientific approach

compare target test to a gold standard test

does the tool measure what it is intended to measure?

compares repeated measures of an outcome within the same individuals

a description of prior research w/o a systematic search and selection strategy or critical appraisal of studies merits

randomly assigned groups + purposeful manipulation of an independent variable

researcher purposefully manipulate some of subjects and then measure their resulting behaviors; use atleast 2 groups

organized set of a relationship among concepts or constructs that is proposed to systematically describe a phenomenon

local nonrandom sample study or cohort study is an example of what level of evidence?

proportion of individuals with the condition of interest that have a positive test result - 'true positives'

a collection of interrelated concepts or constructs that reflect a common theme, may be the bias of a more formal theory

between therapists how much errors exists

form of evidence: original research reports; found in peer reviewed journal, proceedings from prof meetings, theses, etc

these produce conclusions based on a critical appraisal of a number of individual studies that have been selected

provides rich data on the views or experiences of one person - can provide insights in unexplored contexts

represents the decrease in odds favoring the condition if the test results are negative - low number increases shift

boolean terms are words such as 'and,' 'or,' 'not,' and 'near'

odds an individ w/ a prog factor had an outcome of interest as compared to odds for an individual w/o the prog factor

which of the following is false regarding the search for the best available clinical evidence?

no randomly assigned groups + purposeful manipulation

outcomes are compared between two or more independent groups of subjects

subjects who are known to have the outcome of interest compared to a control group free of the outcome:

single system design in which one subjective receives in an alternating fashio both the experimental & control condition

sample selected to illustrate practical rather than theoretical issues, record a range of illustrative quotes

case series or case control study is an example of what level of evidence?

the scientific approach demands:

proportion of individuals without the condition of interest who have a negative test result - true negative

a systematic review is an example of what level of evidence?

assignment is predetermined + non-purposeful manipulation

sample focused by theory and literature, extended as a result of analysis to capture diversity of experience

characterized by whether the investigators actively intervene with research subjects; more objective

predict that a difference or relationship between the groups or variables will be demonstrated by the study's results

a statistical method used to pool data from individual studies included in a systematic review

odds a test result will be obtained in a pt w/ the condition of interest as compared to a pt w/o the cond. of interest

the verifying theory

more specific, helps clinicians and their patients make decisions about specific PT management of their problem (PICO)

why are RCT trials highly valued for clinical questions about interventions?

the guiding principles of peer review to educate physical therapists to:

mechanism based reasoning is an example of what level of evidence?

referred to as the statistical hypothesis; no statistically significant difference

focused on observation of cultural patterns and experiences in attempt to understand what subjects lives are like

studies are low level because of their focus on the anatomic and/or physiologic mechanisms underlying a pathologic cond

background material in a study usually comes from a lit review and citations of publicly available epidemiolgic data

reasonable expectation that the human body could behave in the manner predicted:

which of the following is an example of a secondary source of evidence?

design that follows subjects forward over specified period of time; data collected in real time

an individual cross-sectional study or a randomized trial is an example of what level of evidence?

in EBPT, keywords are derived directly from the clinical question of interest

investigators are simply observes who collect info about phenomenon of interest; no purposeful manipulation of subjects

addresses current or previously lived experiences of individuals studied by gathering data thru interview & discussion

form of evidence: found in systemic and narrative reviews, textbooks, and practice guidelines

meta-anlyses are subset of which type of study design?

uses previously collected information to answer a research question; historical data

general knowledge, focuses on natural evoluation and medical/surgical management rather than PT component

theoretical concepts guide sample section, based on analysis of literature - may be limited to one group

collection of indiv research studies is gathered & critically appraised in an effort to reach an unbiased conclusion

"how long will it take for the cognitive effects of a concussion to surface in a 17 yr old rugby player?"

what is true of the limitations of evidence hierarchies?

how accurately a test measures the components of a theory/concept

foreground questions can be simple or comparative

investigate subject's thoughts, perceptions, opinions, beliefes, attitudes, and/or experiences; more subjective

also involve purposeful manipulation of subjects by investigators, they lack either a 2nd group for comparison purposes