Intro to Psych Exam 2 (Chapters 5-7)

We can use reaction times to test how some cognitive processes are carried out, & determine if done serially or parallel

The way a stimulus evokes a response is strengthened when the response is followed by a reward & weakened when it is not

Wechsler said intelligence was a global concept- individual's ability to act purposefully and think rationally.

The extent to which we focus on each other’s behavior is known as attention. Our ability to retain behavior in memory is

A concept is an idea or thought. A __ is a mental image or best example of a category

Select three environmental factors that are believed to affect IQ

An intelligence test fails to produce similar scores each time it is used. This test most likely has weak ___

When you buckle your seatbelt to avoid the annoying beeping sound your car makes, you are using a form of _

The usefulness of the information we learn is known as the motivation for learning.

In your US history class, you are required to remember the states and their capitals. To do this, you must rely on your

The capacity to retrieve and store information is known as

A process based on experience that results in a. relatively consistent change in behavior or potential.

The central executive manipulates visual and spatial information.

Sofia's knee jerks when her pediatrician taps her knee with an instrument. This unlearned response is a

Primacy suggests that memory for the last items learned in a set are learned better than others

Timothy is studying a set of vocabulary words for an exam, looking at each word individually. He is using ___

Select the following responsibilities of the central executive

A pre-existing state of mind or attitude that enhances the quality/speed of perceiving/problem solving under conditions

Punishment always reduces the probability of a response occuring again.

Select the following important concepts in intelligence testing that were presented by Galton.

A stimulus that, once contingent on behavior, increases the probability of that behavior is a punisher.

Sam uses a butter knife as a jar opener, but Katy can't imagine using a spoon for that task; Katy is experiencing ___

Sir Frances Galton said that intelligence was a matter of sensory acuity. According to him,

A researcher wants to understand how fast athletes catch a ball compared to non-athletes. This is a measure of ___

Working memory provides a foundation for the moment-by-moment flow of thoughts and action

Explicit memory becomes available without conscious effort. For example, what should or shouldn't be in a room.

The SQ3R method includes surveying the reading, forming questions and then reading, reciting and reviewing more.

Serial processing entails the simultaneous examination of all elements, like listening and replying in a conversation.

A teacher hands out smiley-stickers to her students who submit their homework on time. She is using what method?

Learning shows when you _____ performance.

Your teammate makes a bad pass during a game & you throw them a dirty look hoping they won't do it again. This is _

Select the correct order for the RCRC strategy of memory.

A general term for all forms of knowing, including content and processes.

Utilizing a formula that, when applied appropriately, guarantees a "correct" solution.

Police looking for a suspect focus disproportionately on POC in a search based on stereotypes & negative representations

The retention over time of encoded information is known as storage. ____ is the recovery of stored info at a later time.

Johnny's mom takes away his toy trucks after he hits his brother during play. This is an example of _

This type of reasoning requires one to draw logical relationships between two or more statements.

Strong negative emotions can impact your ability to think clearly and creatively.

Remembering how to drive a car requires you to rely on your procedural memory

You are speaking to a doctor about an unknown sickness. He dismisses you saying "Oh I've seen it all-it's fake". This is

Extinction occurs when the CR can reappearin a weak form when the CS is presented alone again.

A conditioned stimulus (CS) elicits behavior like the UR on association with the US. In Pavlov's study, the CS was the _

The initial processes involved in momentuary preservation of fleeting impressions of sensory stimuli is sensory memory

Controlled processes can never become automatic.

In Pavlov's study, the dogs salivated at the sight of food. In this case, salivation is the _____

This component of working memory holds and manipulates speech-based info

Interference occurs when retrieval cues point effectively to one specific memory.

The initial processing of information that leads to representation in memory by forming mental representations

Alfred Binet believed that everyone can grow intellectually with training. Thus, intelligence is not fully based on

STM is a mechanism, not a place.

An unconditioned stimulus (US) is any stimulus that naturally elicits a reflexive behavior.

Select all of which that are factors in observational learning

The process by which the CR is first elicited & gradually increases in frequency over repeated trials

The conditioned response (CR) is whatever response the CS elicits as a product of learning

Dara grew up going to the beach every summer & assumes that she'll probably go to the beach again this summer. She uses

This happens once a CR has been conditioned to a certain stimuli; similar stimuli may also elicit a response.

Sternberg said mental acuity was involved in purposive adaptation to, shaping & selection of real-world environments.

The two ways we need to remember are by recalling and recognizing information.

A process that doesn't require much attention and is often done without interference.

Little albert was feared white rabbits and other white fuzzy things. He can now differentiate between stimuli, this is _

You are sitting at your gate and hear about a fatal plane crash. You start to think all planes are bound to crash.

Cognitive psychology is the study of human mental processes and their role in thinking, feeling, and behaving.

Understanding that occurs in a sudden stroke of clarity. An "Ah-ha!" moment that stems from experience or is original

Heuristics incorporate a “rule of thumb” or broad application of a strategy to identify and evaluate solutions

If a test measures what it is supposed to test, you can describe it as valid.