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Soc Final 24 Pt 1 Flashcards | StudBud
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Soc Final 24 Pt 1
Soc Final 24 Pt 1
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1
Hitler was an example of what kind of authority?
Rational-legal
Charismatic
None of the above
Traditional.
2
Which continent has the largest number of people living in poverty in the world?
North America
South America
Asia
Africa
3
Angelica visits Thailand she wears short-shorts visiting temples she feels hostility from locals she is experiencing
Culture shock
Xenocentricism
Globalization
Material culture
4
Airplane crashed on a deserted island the survivors are forced to learn new behaviors in order to adapt is an example of
Emergent norm
Add a far-off, unrelated answer here.
Assembling
Immersed socialization
5
The term
formal education
is defined by as:
Learning about cultural values, norms, by participation in a society
The learning of academic facts and concepts
education one receives at a private , parochial school, or private college
An education that is accompanied by a tutor at all times.
6
Sociology is defined as the:
Quantitative analysis of social transgressions.
Qualitative analysis of human phenomenon.
Systematic study of society and social interaction.
Theoretical examination of life’s origins.
7
What is the difference between an oligarchy and a monarchy?
oligarchy do not necessarily achieve their status based on noble ancestry,
Both elected by a democratic process, but monarchies have right to override
There is no difference
monarchy do not achieve their status based on ties to noble ancestry
8
Which factor is considered when evaluating someone’s standard of living?
Class
All of the above
Income
Employment
9
Please match the term with its definition: Conventional Crowd
crowds who share opportunities to express emotions
people who come together for a regularly scheduled event
people who share close proximity without really interacting
crowds of people who are focused on a specific action or goal
10
From the functionalist perspective, which of the following is NOT a purpose of government?
Lobbying for domestic corporate interests
Meeting social needs
Managing international relations
Planning and directing society
11
Which of the following is NOT a latent function of education?
Transmission of culture
Working in groups
Political and social integration
Courtship
12
The term
language
can be defined as:
Gestures, signs, objects, words that help people understand the world.
Communication grounded in ideals, norms, and values.
symbolic system through which people communicate and culture is transmitted
exchange of gestures and signals for the purpose of reaching a consensus.
13
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a bureaucracy:
Explicit rules
Impersonality
Personality-based promotion
Clear division of labor
14
The term
xenophobia
can best be defined as:
illogical fear and even hatred of foreigners and foreign goods.
marketing campaign aimed at foreign countries selling American goods.
A hatred of corporate America and the lobbying push
A pronounced fear of globalization destroying one’s job.
15
Solomon Asch concluded that one reason people conform to a group is because they believe:
Dissent is a form of weakness.
Large groups never make mistakes.
They are too weak to decide for themselves.
The group is better informed than they are.
16
The
McDonalidization of Society
refers to:
The increasing popularity of McDonalds as a hang-out for youths.
increasing presence of fast-food business model in social institutions
The obesity epidemic that’s rapidly sweeping the United States.
The country’s increasing dependence on fast food as a daily meal.
17
Which two words did Émile Durkheim use to distinguish between religious objects and non-religious objects?
Secular; religious
Ordinary; sanctified
Unclean; holy
Sacred; profane
18
Which of the following best defines the term
globalization
?
The process of integrating financial markets through international trade
When products are assembled over several international transactions
Long periods of recession followed by sharp economic upturn worldwide
process of removing manufacturing & industrial sites from foreign countries
19
Social control
is:
arrangement of behaviors on which society’s members base their daily lives
A label that describes the chief characteristic of an individual.
The regulation and enforcement of norms
A system that has the authority to make decisions based on law.
20
The term
values
can be defined as:
Federal laws and regulations.
A culture’s standard for discerning what’s good and just in society.
Scripture found within the Bible.
The tenets or convictions that people hold to be true.
21
To a conflict theorist, marriage and families are fascinating because:
Within the family are social standings and power struggles
No one ever gets what they want, so everyone compromises.
All married men and women fight every single day of their lives.
All teenagers always fight with their parents.
22
Janet goes to a theme party She wears her normal attire people hint she should leave Janet is experiencing
Social control
Ethnocentricity
Xenocentricism
Formal sanction
23
Many Americans pay for haircuts, the dentist, or transportation These actions support capitalism, an example of
Material culture
A cultural universal
Non-material culture
The counterculture
24
A single-parent is asked to take an extra shift, The extra work keeps him away from his son. He is experiencing:
Role conflict
Role strain
Ascribed status
Achieved status
25
What is one difference between a more and a folkway?
Mores are constructed based on norms; folkways are not.
Mores are legally acceptable to violate; folkways are not.
Mores may carry serious consequences if violated; folkways do not.
Mores encourage social rebellion; folkways do not.
26
The term
deviance
can be defined as:
A violation of established cultural social norms, mores, or codified law.
The regulation and enforcement of norms.
The act of notifying authorities when criminal acts are occurring.
Social reward for the violation of norms.
27
What is the first agent of socialization?
Friends
The law
School
Family
28
What is the most significant threat to the relatively high standard of living people are accustomed to in the US?
The growth of the upper class
The decline of the middle class
The feminization of poverty
The stagnation of wages for workers
29
Functionalist Émile Durkheim believed some deviance within society was:
Instrumental; it encouraged the population to rebel.
Dangerous; it encouraged disruptive behavior.
AInsignificant; deviance within society is largely ignored.
Necessary; it challenged people’s views.
30
_____ describes how any action that is repeated frequently becomes cast into a pattern.
Habitualization
Industrialization
Institutionalization
Rationalization
31
“Occupy Wall Street” divided into two camps: A ______ would be interested in the exchanges between the two groups
Symbolic interactionist
Structural functionalist
Conflict theorist
Feminist conflict theorist
32
The term
institutionalization
can be defined as:
Add a far-off, unrelated answer here.
Add a reasonable misconception here.
society is constructed by us and those before us, it is followed by habit
The act of implanting a convention or norm into society.
33
A
cultural universal
is:
A pattern or trait common to all societies.
A written document outlining appropriate behavior.
The ideas, attitudes and beliefs of a particular society.
An object or a belonging of a group.
34
a young girl expected to take on the cooking and cleaning roles while mother is at work, she is aligning to
Underlying status
Achieved status
Role strain
Ascribed status
35
Elise travels Thailand tells her family I hate the weird customs America is clearly the best place This is an example of
Ethnocentrism
Xenocentrism
Paradigms
Moral relativism
36
Please match the term with its definition: Casual Crowd
crowds of people who are focused on a specific action or goal
crowds who share opportunities to express emotions
people who come together for a regularly scheduled event
people who share close proximity without really interacting
37
Davis is low on cash, offers to trade his acoustic guitar, for Bill’s electric guitar Davis is engaging in
Supply and demand
Capitalism
Mercantilism
Bartering
38
Some believe that religion provides answers to difficult questions A sociologist in which theory would agree with this
A conflict theorist
A structural functionalist
A feminist
A symbolic interactionist
39
A sociologist is studying how the population of certain countries influences other neighboring countries is most likely
A Structural functionalist
a Conflict theorist
A Symbolic interactionist
A Feminist
40
TV series like
The Real Housewives
are examples of _____, while the works of Shakespeare are an example of ______.
High culture; popular culture
High culture; low culture
Jersey culture; low culture
Popular culture; high culture
41
Parents often socialize their children to:
Understand and follow different norms from what they themselves follow
Understand and follow the same norms that they themselves follow
Ignore society and live alone without much interaction with other people
Ignore society and create own norms and follow regardless of consequences
42
Drake lives in Great Britain, where the government owns & operates the health care system This is an example of ____:
Limited healthcare
Individual mandates
Private healthcare
Socialized medicine
43
Medical sociology is the systematic study of:
How humans manage issues of health, disease and disorders, and health care
rate at which social diseases spread amongst varying populations
Doctor/Patient relationships among ill and healthy patients
The causes and distribution of diseases
44
Maria babysits as a form of income Maria never bothers to report her earnings to the IRS. Maria is a part of the
AUnder-earning economy
Under-reported economy
Under-paid economy
Underground economy
45
Michael joins the basketball team and look to his teammates for cues on how to behave the team is serving as Michael’s
Out-group
Reference group
Aggregate
Secondary group
46
Companies that pay people to be product ambassadors rely on which tendency?
People tend to follow the lead of people they know.
People tend to follow the lead of celebrities.
People tend to purchase products after they see widespread use of them.
People tend to follow the crowd.
47
Please match the term with its definition: Acting Crowd
people who come together for a regularly scheduled event
people who share close proximity without really interacting
crowds of people who are focused on a specific action or goal
crowds who share opportunities to express emotions
48
The term sexual orientation can be defined as:
A person's deeply held attitudes and beliefs about sex.
A person’s emotional and sexual attraction to a particular sex.
A person’s biological gender.
A phase which a person outgrows before entering heterosexuality.
49
Please match the type of authority with its definition: Charismatic
Political
Power that is legitimized by rules, regulations, and laws
Power legitimized on the basis of a leader’s exceptional personal qualities
Power legitimized on the basis of long-standing customs
50
Which of the following best defines the term
commodity
?
activity that benefits people like health care, education, entertainment.
A physical object we find, grow, or make to meet our needs
An economic system which adheres to the principles of socialism.
A benefit given to those who participate in the capitalist market.
51
Communist regimes, which attempt to control all aspects of citizens’ lives, are examples of which form of government:
Oligarchy
Totalitarian dictatorship
Dictatorship
Constitutional monarchy
52
Neil Smelser’s theory of crowd behavior is referred to as ______ theory:
Immersed socialization
Crowd intonation
Value-added.
Assembling
53
Durkheim defined ______ as the communal beliefs, morals, and attitudes of a society
Anomie
Bourgeoisie
Collective conscience
The iron cage
54
Please match the term with its definition: Expressive Crowd
crowds who share opportunities to express emotions
people who come together for a regularly scheduled event
people who share close proximity without really interacting
crowds of people who are focused on a specific action or goal
55
The two regions with the highest risk of social unrest are:
Latin America and Asia
Sub-Saharan Africa and the Middle East-North Africa region
South America and North America
Europe and Africa
56
Please define C. Wright Mill’s
sociological imagination
.
The theory that man evolved slowly over time.
The process of analyzing human behavior based solely on statistics.
How individuals understand their own pasts in relation to social structure
A series of interviews asking subjects about their sleep habits and dreams.
57
Strain theory
:
Asserts personal responsibility are key factor in living healthy lifestyle
individuals learn deviant behavior from those close to them
Argues that morality is based on wealth.
having acceptable goals & acceptable means to reach those goals
58
Dana’s lives in a country which guarantees healthcare for all of its citizens. Dana lives in a country which uses:
Universal healthcare
Globalization healthcare
Optimization healthcare
Market-driven healthcare
59
The concept
hidden curriculum
can be defined as:
course objectives teachers incorporate into their syllabi
emphasis on certificates/degrees to show that a person has a certain skill,
nonacademic knowledge learned through informal learning and culture
unexpected subjects students take after being exposed to experts
60
Which of the following is an example of an in-group/out-group dynamic:
sorority advises pledges not to socialize with members of other groups
Cast of Hairspray practice on 1st floor cast of Carnage practices on 2nd
The Chemistry Club advertises their organization at the local science fair.
Organizations come together at a yearly fundraiser to raise money
61
Family is a term that is difficult to define. When studying sociology it is important to remember that:
to encompass all types of people who are emotionally close to each other.
open so that people who walk by each other on the street are a family.
only consider traditional marriage as a requirement to be a family.
only consider people who live in the same household to be a family.
62
Tarah is attending a sold-out concert at Red Rocks, with thousands of other fans of the artist. Tarah is part of a:
Mass
Public
Norm
Casual crowd
63
Karl Marx asserted that the means of societal change existed in the tension between:
The bourgeois struggling for the allocation of resources amongst themselves
The proletariat taking the means of production from the bourgeois.
Add a far-off, unrelated answer here.
The enslaved bourgeois reclaiming power from the controlling proletariat.
64
Whose work do conflict theorists rely on to help form their arguments surrounding social stratification?
René Decartes
Auguste Comte
Karl Marx
Émile Durkheim
65
Keshawn worked in Baltimore, but lost his job when his company decided to use workers in New Delhi instead. This is
The technology gap
Outsourcing
Polarization
Automation
66
Xenocentrism
is:
The opposite of ethnocentrism
The same as cultural imperitivism
The opposite of cultural universalism
The opposite of cultural universalism
67
Which of the following is the best definition of
social change
?
A group of people gathered to protest or rally in favor of a bill or law.
An act of a bill passing in the House and the Senate.
change created through social movements & external factors like environment
An act of military rebellion.
68
Please match the type of authority with its definition: Rational-Legal
Political
Power legitimized on the basis of long-standing customs
Power that is legitimized by rules, regulations, and laws
Power legitimized on the basis of a leader’s exceptional personal qualities
69
What is the best example of a counter culture?
Vegan people
People who homeschool their children
People who continually prepare for natural disasters
People who live "off the grid" -- no electricity or communication
70
____ believed societies grew from the struggles of different social classes over production and greatly favored ____.
Max Weber; Positivism
A Karl Marx; Communism
Durkheim; Communism
Comte; Antipositivism
71
Marie does not understand how lunch works. She watches the older kids She follows their lead is an example of
Resocialization
Role fulfillment
Socialization
Anticipatory socialization
72
Why do sociologists find the study of family to be so important when trying to grasp the mores and norms of a culture?
almost never reinforce the values of the society in which they live,
provide for each other, teach culture to other members of the family.
isolated from society at large that they become tiny independent societies
tend to be apathetic towards culture young
73
_____ view society as a structure with interrelated parts designed to meet the needs of individuals who make up society.
Conflict Theorists
Symbolic Interactionists
Social Individualists
Structural Functionalists
74
Deviance is always considered a crime?
False
Sometimes
Depends on culture
True
75
How did Max Weber define power?
The authority to imprison citizens without cause..
The ability to exercise one’s will over others
The legal resources to prosecute and punish.
Politically elected influence used to control the masses.
76
Which of the following is not a widely contributing factor in social change?
Technology
The environment
Social institutions
Disease
77
Sanchita worships three different and separate gods. Her religion falls into which category?
Atheism
Polytheism
Monotheism
Totemism
78
What is particularly unique about the United States middle class?
The upper class are as likely to become members of the lower class
It is the smallest class in the United States.
It is broken into two subcategories: upper and lower middle class.
The people who are middle class often have little to no education.
79
How did technological innovation lead to major changes in religion?
people began to communicate electronically no longer need to attend worship
mass produced religious texts led people to their own interpretations
The ability to travel lowered the importance of religion in people's lives.
Larger places of worship could contain thousands of people
80
TJ's neighbor is building a pumpkin catapult for a competition for national tournaments TJ's neighbor is involved in a
Out-group
Subculture
Culture
a. Counterculture
81
Which of the following is an example of an informal sanction?
teacher taking cell phone from a student who would not stop using in class
A teacher publishing a late-submission policy.
A power company turning off electricity because of lack of payment.
Someone being incarcerated because they damaged property.
82
Kellan wants to shop at Express but all of his friends shop at Pacific Sun, Kellan does as well. Kellan’s behavior is
Consumer-oriented discretion
Laissez-faire leadership
Conformity
Out-group dynamics
83
Jenny is given a doll for 2nd birthday, while her brother, Tyrone, is given a fire truck. This is an example of gender:
Stratification
Socialization
Bending
Indifference
84
Alienation
is defined by the text as:
The strength of ties people have to social groups, a key factor in life
The act of defying social norms in favor of group unity
Social forces considered real which exist outside the individual.
condition in which the individual is isolated from society, or self
85
Which of the following best defines a
social movement
?
A purposeful organized group hoping to work toward a common social goal.
A group organized at a meeting, such as a town hall or a courtroom
All politicians and elected officials.
A collection of rights and laws aimed at the silent majority.
86
A person’s position in a country’s social stratification is determined by:
Prestige, family, legal records, occupation, and favorite food
GNI PPP, GDP, GNI, the PRB, and standards of living
Clothes, accessories, hobbies, shoes, and number of credit cards
Wealth, power, income, race, education
87
A
paradigm
can be defined as
Social patterns that have undesirable consequences for operation of society
Philosophical and theoretical frameworks used within a discipline
The consequences of a social process that are sought or anticipated
The social ties that bind a group of people together such as kinship
88
The concept “
reference groups
” can be defined as:
Groups to which an individual compares himself or herself.
Groups a person belongs to and are an integral part of his or her identity
People who share similar characteristics but who are not connected
Groups which consist of people for whom an individual feels great disdain.
89
Jeremy wrote arguing limited resources make admission difficult Which perspective would Jeremy’s argument fall under?
Behaviorism
Conflict Theory
Structural Functionalism
Symbolic Interactionism
90
The term
meritocracy
is defined by the text as:
A bureaucracy where advancement is based on proven and documented skills.
The authoritarian devalue of an employee.
status-based regime in which advancement is unlikely.
The removal of personal feelings from a professional situation.
91
The hacker group Anonymous is known for web sites depicting child abuse. What type of movement is Anonymous?
Revolutionary
Alternative
Resistance
Reform
92
Which of the following sociological perspectives argues that the educational system reinforces social inequalities
Conflict theory
Functionalism
None of the above.
Symbolic interactionism
93
Which of the following is NOT true of the sociological perspective on religion?
Religion is a system of beliefs.
Religion is a social institution.
Religion is a symbol of high culture
Religion is a cultural universal.
94
What is the difference between sex and gender?
Sex is the extent which one identifies being either masculine or feminine
Sex refers to sexually attraction to, gender refers to who a person chooses
Sex refers to physiological differences gender to which one identifies as
Sex refers to sexual orientation, gender refers to physiological difference
95
The term
secondary deviance
can be defined as:
person’s self-concept and behavior change after actions are labeled deviant
positive formal sanctions cause a person to deviate from society’s rules.
violation of norms does not result in any long-term effects on self-image
negative informal sanctions help individual seek positive choices
96
Please match the type of authority with its definition: Traditional
Power legitimized on the basis of long-standing customs
Power legitimized on the basis of a leader’s exceptional personal qualities
Power that is legitimized by rules, regulations, and laws
Political
97
Society and culture _____.
Could not exist together
Are the same thing
Could not exist without each other
Are unrelated
98
Sheryl has bipolar disorder and hides her diagnosis to not discriminated against this is an example of
Withdrawn illness
Stigmatized illness
Untreatable illness
Contested illness
99
Anti-smoking campaign features former tobacco users who are visibly and audibly sick. Which type of framing is this?
a.Prognostic
Referential
Motivational
Diagnostic
100
Christine is president of her Comedy Troupe when making decisions about booking gigs the troupe to decide Christine is
A Democratic leader
An Authoritarian leader
A Republican leader
A Laissez-faire leader