How did local dialects contribute to Modern English?

They enriched the vocabulary with regional terms*

The invention of the printing press led to:

The standardization of English spelling and vocabulary*

The loss of inflections in English resulted in:

Greater reliance on word order*

Which of the following is a feature of Singapore English?

The use of "lah" and "lor" as sentence particles*

The Age of Exploration contributed words to English primarily from:

Indigenous languages of Africa, Asia, and the Americas*

What is a notable feature of Canadian English?

The mix of British and American spelling conventions*

Which word illustrates the effect of the Great Vowel Shift?

"House" (Middle English /huːs/ to Modern English /haʊs/)*

Which regions saw the initial spread of English during this period?

North America, the Caribbean, and India*

What themes in Shakespeare’s works influenced English expressions?

Love, politics, and human emotions*

What significantly influenced Early Modern English vocabulary?

The Renaissance and exploration*

Germanic languages are classified as:

East, North, and West Germanic*

Why is Shakespeare significant to the English language?

He expanded vocabulary and introduced over 1,700 words and phrases*

What are the three main varieties of Modern English?

British, American, and Australian*

What feature was common in Old English poetry but not prose?

Frequent inversion of word order*

Shakespeare’s influence on English can be seen in:

Common phrases still used today*

What distinguishes Modern English varieties?

Pronunciation, vocabulary, and spelling differences*

During the Modern English period, which dialect became dominant?

The London dialect (Chancery Standard)*

Why is Latin's influence significant in English?

It added many fundamental terms in law, religion, and science*

How did French influence English spelling?

It introduced silent letters and complex patterns*

What has contributed most to the global spread of English varieties?

British colonization and globalization*

What role did dictionaries play in Modern English?

They standardized spelling and definitions*

The Middle English vocabulary expanded due to:

Borrowing from Norman French and Latin*

How did the Great Vowel Shift affect long vowels?

They were raised or diphthongized*

What is a feature unique to American English?

The use of "z" in words like "realize"*

Latin influenced English during which three key periods?

Roman Britain, Christianization, and Renaissance*

Which linguistic factor might have contributed to the Great Vowel Shift?

Social mobility and regional mixing*

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Makhmudov 21.90

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Questions 170

Answers

1
Which case system was retained during the 12-15th centuries?
Dative only
Dual case
Vocative
Possessive (genitive)*
2
How did local dialects contribute to Modern English?
They simplified spelling conventions
They eliminated loanwords
They retained grammatical gender
They enriched the vocabulary with regional terms*
3
The Great Vowel Shift primarily influenced which type of words?
Words with long vowels*
Words with silent consonants
Words borrowed from French
Words with diphthongs
4
Which is an example of a French loanword in Middle English?
King
Boat
Night
Justice*
5
Verbs in Middle English retained which characteristic?
Weak/strong classification*
Prefix-based conjugation
Complex tense structures
Unique pronoun agreement
6
The invention of the printing press led to:
A decline in borrowed words
Greater complexity in grammar
The standardization of English spelling and vocabulary*
The elimination of regional dialects
7
The loss of inflections in English resulted in:
Creation of new tense markers
Expansion of auxiliary verbs
Greater reliance on word order*
Simplified prepositions
8
Which of the following is a feature of Singapore English?
The use of "lah" and "lor" as sentence particles*
The absence of Chinese loanwords
A strict reliance on traditional grammar
The use of British spelling exclusively
9
Which of the following is an auxiliary verb in Old English?
Willan (to want)*
Singan (to sing)
Ridan (to ride)
Lufian (to love)
10
Which of the following is an example of a Latin loanword in Middle English?
"Boat"
"Throne"
"Sky"
"Religion"*
11
Which case system declined the most during the Middle English period?
Genitive case
Vocative case
Dative and instrumental cases*
Ablative case
12
When did the Modern English period begin?
After the Norman Conquest
In the late 15th century*
During the Great Vowel Shift
After the Renaissance
13
The global spread of English during this period began primarily through:
Religious missions
Industrial innovation
Trade and colonization*
Scientific publications
14
The Age of Exploration contributed words to English primarily from:
Germanic tribes
Indigenous languages of Africa, Asia, and the Americas*
Norse dialects
Italian and Greek origins
15
What is a notable feature of Canadian English?
Complete rejection of French vocabulary
Simplification of grammatical structure
The mix of British and American spelling conventions*
Exclusive use of British spelling
16
The use of word order to show grammatical relationships increased because:
Auxiliary verbs were eliminated
Inflections were lost*
Articles became common
Prepositions declined
17
Which of the following languages is NOT part of the Roman-Germanic group?
English
French
Russian*
Swedish
18
Which word illustrates the effect of the Great Vowel Shift?
"Child" (no change)
"House" (Middle English /huːs/ to Modern English /haʊs/)*
"Boat" (from "bat")
"Knight" (from "knyht")
19
Which regions saw the initial spread of English during this period?
North America, the Caribbean, and India*
Eastern Europe
Sub-Saharan Africa
Australia and the Arctic
20
Which is an example of a strong verb in Old English?
Fremman (to perform)
Singan (to sing)*
Hatan (to command)
Lufian (to love)
21
What themes in Shakespeare’s works influenced English expressions?
Religious rituals
Agriculture and farming
Love, politics, and human emotions*
Military strategy
22
What significantly influenced Early Modern English vocabulary?
The Norman Conquest
The Industrial Revolution
The Renaissance and exploration*
The Great Vowel Shift
23
Australian English is heavily influenced by:
Latin phrases
French vocabulary
Old Norse roots
Aboriginal languages*
24
Germanic languages are classified as:
Old and New Germanic
Dialects of Latin
East, North, and West Germanic*
Offshoots of Celtic
25
Why is Shakespeare significant to the English language?
He simplified Old English
He rejected foreign influences
He expanded vocabulary and introduced over 1,700 words and phrases*
He standardized English grammar
26
What are the three main varieties of Modern English?
British, American, and Australian*
Northern, Southern, and Eastern dialects
Old English, Middle English, and Modern English
English, French, and German
27
What feature was common in Old English poetry but not prose?
Lack of inflections
Use of rhyme
Frequent inversion of word order*
Strict SVO structure
28
What was the primary word order in Old English?
Verb-Subject-Object (VSO)
Subject-Verb-Object (SVO)
Subject-Object-Verb (SOV)*
Object-Subject-Verb (OSV)
29
Who formulated Grimm's Law?
Noah Webster
Otto Jespersen
Jacob Grimm*
William Jones
30
Shakespeare’s influence on English can be seen in:
Common phrases still used today*
The rejection of French vocabulary
Simplification of syntax
Regional dialects only
31
What distinguishes Modern English varieties?
The loss of regional accents
Pronunciation, vocabulary, and spelling differences*
Elimination of borrowed words
Complete grammatical changes
32
During the Modern English period, which dialect became dominant?
The London dialect (Chancery Standard)*
West Saxon Old English
The Northern dialect
The Celtic dialect
33
Which of these is an example of a French loanword in English?
"Government"*
"Sky"
"Throne"
"Farm"
34
How were Old English verbs classified?
Simple and complex verbs
Regular and irregular verbs
Transitive and intransitive verbs
Strong and weak verbs*
35
Why is Latin's influence significant in English?
It added many fundamental terms in law, religion, and science*
It simplified English pronunciation
It eliminated irregular spellings
It replaced Germanic vocabulary entirely
36
Which is an example of an Old English adjective?
House
Sword
Mother
Lang (long)*
37
The distinction between British and American spelling can be seen in:
"Colour" vs. "Color"*
"Sky" vs. "Skye"
"Thru" vs. "Through"
"Centre" vs. "Sentor"
38
Which region of the world is primarily associated with British English?
Australia
Canada
The United Kingdom*
The United States
39
Words like "telescope" and "microscope" entered English from:
Greek and Latin roots*
German
Old Norse
French
40
How did French influence English spelling?
It simplified word endings
It standardized Old English forms
It introduced silent letters and complex patterns*
It eliminated double vowels
41
Which word demonstrates Norse influence?
"Love"
"Egg"*
"Horse"
"Water"
42
What major source of vocabulary influenced Middle English?
Old Norse
Celtic languages
Greek
Norman French*
43
What has contributed most to the global spread of English varieties?
The influence of Viking languages
The rise of the Industrial Revolution
British colonization and globalization*
The Norman Conquest
44
What role did dictionaries play in Modern English?
They replaced regional dialects
They standardized spelling and definitions*
They eliminated loanwords
They introduced new grammatical structures
45
The Middle English vocabulary expanded due to:
Simplification of inflections
Borrowing from Norman French and Latin*
Isolation from other languages
The Great Vowel Shift
46
Words related to science and medicine in Middle English were often borrowed from:
Old Norse
French
Latin*
Celtic languages
47
How did the Great Vowel Shift affect long vowels?
They disappeared entirely
They were raised or diphthongized*
They were replaced with consonants
They were shortened
48
What is a feature unique to American English?
The use of "z" in words like "realize"*
The removal of silent letters
The addition of gendered nouns
The lack of verb conjugation
49
What led to the blending of English and French vocabulary?
Viking invasions
Roman occupation
Norman Conquest of 1066*
The Great Vowel Shift
50
Latin influenced English during which three key periods?
Old Norse invasions, Norman Conquest, and the Great Vowel Shift
Victorian Age, Industrial Revolution, and Norman Conquest
None of the above
Roman Britain, Christianization, and Renaissance*
51
Which linguistic factor might have contributed to the Great Vowel Shift?
Influence from Latin
The development of printing
Social mobility and regional mixing*
Invasions by Norse tribes
52
How were adjectives in Old English different from Modern English?
They were always unchanging
They lacked comparative forms
They were inflected for case, gender, and number*
They had no grammatical gender
53
What happened to noun declensions in this period?
They became more complex
They disappeared entirely
They expanded to include new cases
They were simplified and largely replaced by prepositions*
54
What does Grimm’s Law describe?
Latin's influence on English
The Great Vowel Shift
Changes in Modern English vocabulary
The evolution of Germanic consonants*
55
The use of "court" in English comes from:
Old English
Norse
French*
Latin
56
Which case was used with prepositions in Old English?
Vocative
Accusative only
Dative*
Dual
57
The word "justice" in English comes from:
Old English
Norse
French*
Latin
58
What feature disappeared in Middle English adjectives?
Placement before nouns
Use of comparative forms
Use of suffixes
Agreement with nouns in case and number*
59
French influence introduced what spelling pattern to English?
Silent initial "h"
"-en" for plural nouns
"-ough" endings
"-tion" for nouns*
60
What defines the variety of Modern English spoken in the United States?
The use of Old English grammar
The influence of Latin
The dominance of French words
The use of American spelling and vocabulary*
61
Early Modern English saw the replacement of Old English words with:
Borrowed words from Latin and French*
Simplified Germanic terms
Celtic influences
Scandinavian loanwords
62
What language is part of the Germanic branch?
French
Spanish
German*
Portuguese
63
Old English adjectives were:
Completely regular
Borrowed from French
Limited in number
Strong or weak, depending on the context*
64
Which language contributed many new words to Early Modern English during the Renaissance?
Latin*
Old Norse
Arabic
Celtic
65
Modern English varieties continue to evolve due to:
Adoption of strict rules
Decline in regional dialects
Standardization efforts globally
Technology, media, and cultural exchange*
66
How were negatives formed in Old English?
By adding "ne" before the verb*
By changing word order
By using auxiliary verbs
By adding suffixes
67
What was a significant feature of English in Shakespeare’s plays?
Use of poetic devices and creative metaphors*
Strict adherence to Old English grammar
Lack of borrowed vocabulary
Rejection of Latin and Greek roots
68
What major change occurred in English morphology during this period?
Elimination of irregular verbs
Expansion of Latin vocabulary
Reduction of inflections*
Adoption of the Cyrillic alphabet
69
What led to the global spread of English varieties?
Colonization and globalization*
The Renaissance
The Norman Conquest
Viking invasions
70
What was the effect of the British Empire on English during Shakespeare’s period?
English vocabulary was simplified
English began spreading globally*
It limited foreign influences
Old English words were reintroduced
71
An example of Grimm’s Law is:
All of the above*
Latin pater → English father
Latin canis → English hound
Latin piscis → English fish
72
What period saw the most influence of Latin on Old English?
Industrial Revolution
Norman Conquest
Great Vowel Shift
Roman occupation of Britain*
73
During the Early Modern English period, many legal terms came from:
French*
Greek
Latin
Old Norse
74
How many tenses did Old English verbs have?
Three (present, past, future)
Two (present and past)*
Four (present, past, future, conditional)
One (present only)
75
Which major event influenced the development of Modern English?
The Great Vowel Shift
Viking invasions
The Industrial Revolution*
The Norman Conquest
76
The Middle English period marked the introduction of which grammatical article?
The definite article "the"*
The indefinite article "a"
Articles were eliminated
No articles were introduced
77
New vocabulary during the Early Modern English period often related to:
Legal terminology
Farming and agriculture
Science, art, and navigation*
Religious rituals
78
What branch of the Indo-European language family do Roman-Germanic languages belong to?
Afro-Asiatic
Turkic
Uralic
Indo-European*
79
During the Middle English period, what happened to noun endings?
They were simplified or dropped*
They were replaced by prepositions
They were borrowed from Latin
They became more complex
80
How were questions typically formed in Old English?
By adding prefixes
By adding auxiliary verbs
By changing word order*
By using inversion markers
81
Why did inflections decline during this period?
Adoption of Norse morphology
Simplified grammar and fixed word order*
Influence of Celtic languages
Increased use of prefixes
82
Which publication helped standardize Modern English?
Shakespeare’s plays
The King James Bible
Caxton’s printing press
Samuel Johnson's Dictionary of the English Language (1755)*
83
What happened to grammatical gender during this period?
It was borrowed from Norse
It was lost entirely*
It expanded to include more categories
It was influenced by Latin
84
What is the oldest written Germanic language?
Gothic*
Old High German
Old Norse
Old English
85
Verbs in Middle English began using which auxiliary verb to indicate tense?
"Shall" or "will"*
"Be"
"Might"
"Do"
86
Old English syntax was highly flexible because:
It used inflections to indicate grammatical roles*
It depended on fixed word order
It lacked a standard grammar
It borrowed heavily from Latin
87
What is a Latin-derived word in English?
Wife
Shield
Knight
Bishop*
88
What role did conjunctions play in Old English syntax?
Determining word order
Changing verb conjugations
Connecting clauses and indicating relationships*
Replacing pronouns
89
Which of these sound changes is part of Grimm’s Law?
/g/ → /k/
/p/ → /f/*
/b/ → /d/
/f/ → /p/
90
Pronouns in Middle English began to show influence from:
Norse languages*
Germanic inflections
Celtic syntax
French vocabulary
91
Old English prepositions often indicated:
Abstract concepts
Time exclusively
Direction and location*
Emotional states
92
Which language helped transmit Latin vocabulary to Old English?
Old Norse
Celtic
Old French*
Proto-Germanic
93
Which suffix became the standard plural marker in Middle English?
"-en"
"-s"*
"-n"
"-eth"
94
Norse influence in Middle English vocabulary was mostly seen in:
Religious vocabulary
Scientific terminology
Legal phrases
Everyday words like "sky" and "they"*
95
Weak verbs in Old English formed their past tense by:
Adding a suffix (-ed or -de)*
Changing the vowel in the root
Removing letters
Using auxiliary verbs
96
What major event influenced English morphology during the 12th century?
The Great Vowel Shift
The Industrial Revolution
The Renaissance
The Norman Conquest*
97
Subordinate clauses in Old English often used:
No conjunctions at all
Prepositions to indicate subordination
Inversion of word order
Specific conjunctions like "þæt" (that)*
98
Which feature distinguishes African American Vernacular English (AAVE)?
Its unique grammar and vocabulary*
Its use of Latin-derived words
Its lack of regional vocabulary
Its use of British spelling
99
What is an example of a Latin suffix in English?
-ful
-ment*
-ing
-ness
100
What did the Great Vowel Shift not affect?
Long vowels
Word order
Consonant sounds
Short vowels*
101
Which word is an example of a Renaissance borrowing from Latin?
"Sky"
"Warrior"
"Scientific"*
"Church"
102
Words related to fashion in Middle English were mostly borrowed from:
Celtic
Norse
Latin
French*
103
Which type of Latin words entered Old English?
Everyday vocabulary
Military and religion-related words*
Names of animals
Scientific terms
104
The use of "color" instead of "colour" is an example of:
Australian English spelling
American English spelling*
Canadian English spelling
British English spelling
105
When did French influence English the most?
During the Viking invasions
After the Norman Conquest of 1066*
During the Renaissance
After the Great Vowel Shift
106
Grimm’s Law primarily affected:
Syntax
Consonants*
Grammar
Vowels
107
Which domain contributed the most Latin words to English?
Law
Farming
Religion and education*
Navigation
108
Which word represents Old Norse influence during the Middle English period?
Garden
Church
Priest
Sky*
109
Why is the Great Vowel Shift significant?
It introduced French spelling conventions
It ended dialectal differences
It marked the transition to Modern English pronunciation*
It standardized word meanings
110
Which sound shift follows Grimm’s Law?
/k/ → /h/*
/g/ → /z/
/t/ → /d/
/f/ → /p/
111
In Old English, the subject of a sentence could be omitted if
The sentence was a question
It was implied by the verb's conjugation*
The object was in the dative case
It was followed by a conjunction
112
Which term refers to English varieties spoken in former British colonies?
Global English
Standard English
Postcolonial English*
Colonial English
113
Which branch of languages does Grimm’s Law apply to?
Germanic*
Slavic
Celtic
Romanic
114
The Old English verb "beon" was unique because:
It lacked a past tense
It had multiple forms depending on context*
It was borrowed from Latin
It was always irregular
115
What is a characteristic of Old English numerals?
They were borrowed from French
Ordinals were declined like adjectives*
They lacked ordinals
They used only cardinal numbers
116
Which domain of vocabulary was most influenced by French?
Law and government*
Scientific terms
Agriculture
Everyday speech
117
What writing system do most Roman-Germanic languages use?
Arabic script
Cyrillic
Runes
Latin alphabet*
118
Which language is an example of a Romanic language?
English
Dutch
Swedish
Italian*
119
Middle English vocabulary showed diversity due to:
Standardization during the period
The lack of dialectical differences
Borrowing from multiple languages, including French, Latin, and Norse*
The replacement of Old English roots
120
What determined the conjugation of an Old English verb?
Adjective agreement
Tense, person, and number*
Gender and case
Word order
121
Latin influenced Middle English primarily in which domain?
Agricultural vocabulary
Legal and military terms
Religious and academic terms*
Everyday speech
122
Shakespeare contributed to the development of English vocabulary by:
Adopting Celtic words
Eliminating archaic words
Simplifying syntax
Inventing new words and phrases*
123
Many Middle English words related to government and law came from:
French*
Old English
Norse
Latin
124
What was the Great Vowel Shift?
The replacement of Old English vocabulary
The transition from Latin to English script
A major change in the pronunciation of long vowels in English*
The shift to fixed word order
125
Latin influence in Middle English came primarily through:
Scandinavian languages
German
French*
Celtic languages
126
The plural suffix “-s” became dominant due to influence from:
Germanic tribes
Old Norse
Norman French*
Celtic languages
127
Regional dialects in Modern English influenced:
Reduction in vocabulary diversity
Accent and pronunciation differences*
Loss of Old English roots
Grammar standardization
128
What was a major feature of Modern English vocabulary?
Restoration of Old English words
A decline in foreign borrowings
An increase in scientific and technical terms*
Loss of synonyms
129
What was the main outcome of Grimm's Law?
Elimination of loanwords
Regular sound shifts from Indo-European to Germanic languages*
Simplified grammar in English
Dialectal differences in English
130
Romanic languages evolved from:
Greek
Old English
Latin*
Proto-Germanic
131
What role did modal verbs play in Old English?
Expressed mood and necessity*
Indicated verb tense
Were used only in poetry
Replaced weak verbs
132
When did the Great Vowel Shift occur?
In the 8th century
After the Industrial Revolution
During the Norman Conquest
Between the 15th and 18th centuries*
133
What marked direct objects in Old English sentences?
Prepositions
Word order
The nominative case
The accusative case*
134
Strong verbs in Old English changed their tense by:
Reduplicating the word
Changing the stem vowel*
Adding prefixes
Adding suffixes
135
What Latin influence occurred during the Renaissance?
Borrowing of scientific and philosophical terms*
Creation of Old English dictionaries
Elimination of Anglo-Saxon words
Spread of Old Latin texts
136
Which of the following is a direct effect of French influence on English grammar?
Creation of new verb tenses
The loss of auxiliary verbs
Introduction of gendered articles
Increased reliance on prepositions*
137
What is a key feature of Romanic languages?
Influence from Old Norse
Origin from Classical Latin*
Use of inflected word endings
Simplified grammar
138
What caused the mixing of Old English and French vocabulary?
The Norman Conquest*
The Viking invasions
The Great Vowel Shift
The Industrial Revolution
139
French influence on English was significant because:
It eliminated inflectional endings
It replaced all Germanic vocabulary
It brought many sophisticated and technical terms*
It simplified sentence structure
140
Which language is a major source of vocabulary in Caribbean English?
Old Norse
African languages*
German
French
141
Regional dialects in English today are often preserved through:
Strict national language policies
Technological advancements
Cultural identity and local traditions*
Elimination of colloquialisms
142
What determined the form of an Old English adjective?
Its position in a sentence
Its meaning
The case, number, and gender of the noun it modified*
The verb it followed
143
Australian English has a significant influence from which language family?
French
Germanic languages
Aboriginal languages*
Latin
144
What was one of the main consequences of the Great Vowel Shift?
Simplification of English vowels
Adoption of Norse vocabulary
A disparity between English spelling and pronunciation*
Elimination of short vowels
145
Which variety of English is most commonly taught as a global standard?
Indian English
Australian English
Canadian English
British English or American English*
146
What term refers to English as used in former colonies?
Postcolonial English*
Globalized English
Middle English
Regional English
147
Grimm’s Law is also referred to as:
The Great Vowel Shift
Proto-Germanic Shift*
Scandinavian Law
Consonant Migration
148
What marked the morphological difference between Old English and Middle English?
Increase in irregular verbs
Reduction in verb forms
Creation of new cases
Loss of grammatical gender and simplification of endings*
149
What domain did French words dominate in Middle English?
Law, government, and aristocracy*
Trade and commerce
Farming and nature
Everyday speech
150
Old English relative clauses were introduced with:
"Ne" (not)
"And"
"Þe" (the)*
"Þæt" (that)
151
What is a defining feature of Old English numerals?
They borrowed heavily from Latin
They were identical to Modern English numerals
They had dual forms (e.g., "two" for pairs)*
They lacked plural forms
152
Which pair of vowels illustrates a change during the Great Vowel Shift?
/o/ becoming /e/
/iː/ becoming /aɪ/ as in "time"*
/u/ becoming /æ/
/ɛ/ becoming /ʌ/
153
Shakespeare’s language is categorized as:
Old English
Middle English
Early Modern English*
Contemporary English
154
A prominent feature of Indian English is:
The rejection of British spelling
The absence of grammatical rules
The adoption of French vocabulary
The use of local idioms and direct translations*
155
The blending of languages during the Middle English period resulted in:
Simplification of grammar
Synonyms with subtle differences in meaning*
Dominance of Norse grammar
Elimination of Old English vocabulary
156
French vocabulary often included words related to:
Navigation and exploration
Law, fashion, and cuisine*
Farming and weather
Science and technology
157
The rise of a national language in England was influenced by:
The Industrial Revolution
Printing technology and the growth of literacy*
Latin as a scholarly language
Viking invasions
158
The Middle English period is generally dated from:
800 to 1100 CE
1100 to 1500 CE*
500 to 1000 CE
1500 to 1800 CE
159
Old English numerals up to what number were inflected?
3*
5
7
10
160
What replaced many Old English synonyms during this period?
Latin root words
Norse phrases
French loanwords*
Celtic borrowings
161
What helped expand Middle English vocabulary significantly?
Contact with other cultures through trade and conquest*
Decline in French influence
Focus on dialectal purity
Isolation of English-speaking regions
162
Middle English vocabulary was characterized by:
The loss of all Old English roots
A lack of borrowed words
Synonyms with subtle differences*
Exclusively Germanic origins
163
Verbs in Old English agreed with their subjects in:
Case only
Tense and case
Number and person*
Gender only
164
Which Romanic language has the largest number of speakers?
Italian
Romanian
French
Spanish*
165
Grimm's Law explains the shift from:
Old Norse to English
Middle to Modern English
Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic*
Latin to French
166
The Middle English verb system retained:
A dual case system
Gender distinctions
Tenses from Latin
Strong and weak classifications*
167
Prepositions in Old English:
Were borrowed from Latin
Required specific cases for nouns*
Were identical to Modern English
Were not used
168
The 12-15th centuries marked the transition from:
Old English to Middle English*
Middle English to Modern English
English to Norman French
Latin to Old English
169
How did Shakespeare influence English word formation?
By coining new compound words and phrases*
By using only native English roots
By adopting Norse inflections
By eliminating prefixes and suffixes
170
Which phrase is attributed to Shakespeare?
"By the book"
"Home is where the heart is"
"Break the ice"*
"Fight fire with fire"

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