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Clinical Reasoning Exam 1
Clinical Reasoning Exam 1
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Logan University Clinical Reasoning Exam 1- Brinkman
Flashcards
69 cards
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Questions
69
Answers
1
What is tachypnea?
Not breathing
Breathing too rapidly
Breathing too slowly
2
Which of the following symptoms pertain to the Constitutional body system?
Indigestion
Shortness of breath
Heart palpations
Fatigue
3
What is a syndrome?
What the patient feels/reports
A specific medical set of both signs and symptoms
Something that the doctor tests/observes
Signs and symptoms paired with a definite cause
4
Three reasons errors can occur
Patient fault
Clinician fault
System fault
No fault
5
Muscles, tendons, ligaments and cartilage tend to produce what quality of pain?
Pins and needles and numbness
Deep and boring
Dull, diffuse and achy
Sharp and radiating
6
When a patient talks about their back pain, what is the best way for you to know where the chief complaint is located?
Ask a family member
Have the patient describe the location
Ask the patient to point to the area
Take an educated guess
7
The intensity of pain described by your patients is known as:
Aggravating factors
Setting
Quality
Quantity
8
What is a normal blood pressure?
130-139/80-89
<120/<80
>140/>90
120-129/<80
9
People with disc degeneration and stenosis prefer sitting or standing?
Standing
Sitting
10
What do strains affect?
Muscle
Tendon
Ligament
11
What type of cartilage is the labrum?
Elastic
Hyaline
Fibrocartilage
12
What are the two basic types of medical interviews?
health promotion
problem-oriented
patient information
solution-oriented
13
ROS stands for
Reaction of Systems
Report of Symptoms
Review of Systems
Review of Symptoms
14
in a history taking, what part is the subjective data?
what the patient tells you
observations
labs and imaging
palpations
15
What is the most common artery to take pulse?
Brachial artery
Popliteal artery
Femoral Artery
Radial artery
16
What is the explanation the clinician has for the patient’s symptoms?
Disease
Syndrome
Illness
Diagnosis
17
Ankle sprains are more valgus or varus?
Valgus
Varus
18
The purpose of summarizing the HPI is to _____
Transition statement to help doctor move to the next section of interview
It gives the patient one more chance to give the doctor more info
19
Associated symptoms is part of which component of the history?
HPI
ROS
Family history
Past medical history
20
Is Nociceptive pain visceral or somatic?
Visceral
Somatic
21
Where would you report lab findings in a SOAP note?
Subjective
Plan
Assessment
Objective
22
what is the order of reasoning for inductive reasoning?
hypothesis--theory--observation--confirmation
pattern--tentative hypothesis--observation--theory
observation--pattern--tentative hypothesis-- theory
theory--hypothesis--observation--confirmation
23
Why is clinical reasoning important?
Important b/c medical errors are associated with high morbidity
All of these
Important b/c medical errors are the 2nd leading cause of adverse effects
Important b/c medical errors often result in malpractice payments
24
What is bradypnea?
Breathing too fast
Not breathing
Breathing too slowly
25
What is a normal pulse for an adult?
40-60
100-120
60-100
80-140
26
What is analgesia?
Paralysis in the anal cavity
Increased sensitivity to pain
Absence of pain sensation
Decreased sensitivity to pain
27
Good communication requires specific language the patient understands.
True
False
28
Getting an accurate diagnosis largely depends on data acquired during…
False
True
29
What are the hereditary diseases you are looking for on family history?
diabetes
Cancer
Heart disease
stroke
30
What is systolic blood pressure?
Top number
Bottom number
Pressure in arteries when ventricles are relaxing
Pressure in arteries when ventricles are at maximum contraction
31
What is White Coat Hypertension?
Doctors having high blood pressure
Elevated blood pressure due to the patient standing up
Elevated blood pressure due to exercise
Elevated blood pressure due to the patient being in a clinical setting
32
SOAP stands for Subjective, Objective, Assessment, Plan.
True
False
33
What is an arrhythmia?
Rhythm used in music
Lack of heart beat
Normal heart beat
Irregular or extra heart beats
34
Hypertension is low blood pressure.
False
True
35
Why is it painful for a patient with a lumbar disc protrusion to get out of bed, out of a chair, or change positions?
Change in pressure
It decreases the lordosis
It increases the lordosis
36
Does a fever cause your blood pressure to drop or rise?
drop
Rise
37
A family history of heart disease is not important when diagnosing a knee complaint.
True
False
38
What is BMI?
Body Measuring Influx
Babes Murdering Iguanas
Banging Moms Instead
Body Mass Index
39
What percentage of patients have significant anxiety and depression?
20-30%
80%
15-20%
30-40%
40
People with disc bulges prefer sitting or standing?
Standing
Sitting
41
What is the cause for secondary hypertension?
Obesity
Drugs
Alcohol
Caffeine
42
What does shivering do?
Annoys me
Nothing
Decrease heat production
Increase heat production
43
Palliative means something that makes the c/c feel
No different
Stiff
Worse
Better
44
What happens to the blood pressure reading when you use a cuff that is too big?
No reading will be found
Reading will be higher
Reading will be lower
There is no effect
45
What is “White Coat” hypertension?
Normal BP in office, normal ambulatory
High BP in the office, normal ambulatory
Normal BP in office, high when ambulatory
High BP in the office, high ambulatory
46
What useful tool helps summarize clinical presentations?
SOAP notes
VINDICATE
HEADSS
Illness Script
47
Which of the following would be considered Stage 1 Hypertension?
133/88
125/78
119/77
142/93
48
The 2nd property of medical experts states that they have strong self-monitoring skills known as
collaboration
moral commitment
metacognition
up-to-date
49
The quality of pain is how the patient describes what they feel.
False
True
50
What are two types of medical interviews?
Individual centered
Patient centered
World centered
Physician centered
51
When is blood pressure most accurate?
Averaged over days and weeks
At the time it is taken
At night
In the morning
52
A comprehensive patient assessment focuses on a specific complaint.
True
False
53
What is fatigue?
Losing interest in daily tasks
Non-specific loss of energy
Feeling weak
54
What is diastolic blood pressure?
Pressure in arteries when ventricles are at maximum contraction
Bottom number
Pressure in arteries when ventricles are relaxing
Top number
55
What is the normal BMI range?
25-30
19-24
12-17
15-19
56
Bladder and upper respiratory infections are primary viral.
True
False
57
What is the sequence of a patient visit?
Obtain patient’s history, examination, formulate diagnosis, treatment plan
Obtain patient’s history, formulate diagnosis, examination, treatment plan
Examination, obtain patient’s history, formulate diagnosis, treatment plan
Obtain patient’s history, examination, treatment plan, formulate diagnosis
58
What HTN is treated prior to end organ damage?
Secondary prevention
Primary prevention
Chronic elevation
59
The average physician interrupts their patient within ______ seconds.
14
30
60
5
60
You must obtain the full patient database in one visit.
False
True
61
The patient doctor relationship is considered referred to as a fiduciary relationship, which is based upon:
Knowledge and skill
Congeniality
Trust and confidence
Personality
62
What amount of the diagnoses can be made from the history?
2/3
1/3
1/4
1/2
63
If a patient comes in holding their arm above their head, would that be considered a sign or symptom?
Symptom
Sign
64
Your patient reports that their spouse has a history of cancer. This info is pertinent to the medical care you provide.
False
True
65
HPI stands for _____
History of Past Illness
History of Patient Illness
History of Problems and Illness
History of Present Illness
66
The normal amount of respirations is around 12-20 respirations per minute.
False
True
67
deductive reasoning begins with and heavily relies on the
physical exam
chief complaint
patient history
patient illness
68
While taking a history, if your patient tells you the pain occurs every month, this info falls under which component?
Onset
Radiation
Provocative
Timing
69
What are the 7 components of a comprehensive history?
Location, Onset, C/C, ROS, Radiation, Past History, Quality
Identify data, C/C, HPI, past history, family history, social history, ROS
Identify data, C/C, HPI, ROS, Palliative, Provocative, Location
