Patho - Atchley Lecture #1

A nosocomial disease is acquired from a hospital-type setting.

_________ has NO impact on sensitivity and specificity.

What are airborne pollutants, contaminants in food/water, human waste products, heavy metals, and fire?

Name the TWO top, preventable chronic disease, killers of Americans (in 2016).

Name two of the four extrinsic factors (General Etiological Factors).

If a disease is known to be endemic, is it relatively stable? Does it have an expected incidence and prevalence?

Physical agents are any non-chemical, non-biologic agent causing disease.

Clinical pathology is the study of the fundamental cellular tissue changes in response to pathogenic stimuli.

What disease state comes from a medical professional or medical procedure?

Which branch of pathology focuses on the diagnosis of disease based on the laboratory analysis of body fluids?

Incidence looks at __________ cases; Prevalence looks at _________ cases.

What is the number of active cases at ANY given time?

Give the etiology of COVID-19.

If a test is highly accurate, is it valid?

Biological agents are any chemical that can cause harm to the body.

An acute disease is known for lasting an extended duration.

A chronic disease state is short-lived.

The process by which the disease or disorder develops.

If a diagnostic test is positive, and a person is sick, then what is the outcome of the test?

Person, animal, or object that carries and transmits the pathogen.

If a disease is idiopathic, does it have a known source?

Johnny is suffering from an acute case of the heebie-jeebies. Is it severe?

A disease state that is chronic is known for lasting an extended duration of time.

External factors that allow transmission.

What receptor mediates entry of the COVID-19 virus into the cell?

_________ has a HUGE impact on PPV.

What happens to incidence and prevalence if an effective vaccine is adopted?

What are the two fixed properties of evaluating diagnostic tests?

A disease with an unknown cause or source.

Name two of the four intrinsic factors (General Etiological Factors).

Given the targets, define the accuracy and precision of Target B.

The underlying cause or origin of the disease or abnormal condition, is known as what?

___________ - the number of active cases at any given time.

What two outcomes of a diagnostic test, examine sensitivity of the test?

Given the target, define the accuracy and precision of Target C.

What happens to incidence and prevalence if a new effective treatment is initiated?

The origin of COVID-19 was first identified in Wenzhou, China.

Etiology - The study of the distribution, determinants, and possible control of health-related evens within a population

What does precision measure?

All vaccines target virus ______ protein.

What are the three possible characteristics of a chronic disease state?

What was the origin of COVID-19?

What are some of the ways an infection can be transmitted?

An iatrogenic disease is acquired from a hospital-type setting.

What are bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoans?

If a diagnostic test is positive, but a person is NOT sick, what is the outcome of the test?

The COVID-19 virus enters the cells, how?

What is pathology?

Pandemic - an infectious disease spreads rapidly to many people.

Pathophysiology is a "branching" subject between clinical education and basic science education.

If a single case of a contagious disease begins to occurs in greater numbers than expected, what has happened?

Sally is suffering from chronic RBF. Is it severe?

The organism harboring the disease.

In 2016, what was the leading cause of death due to infection?

What is the number of new cases of an infectious disease that occur within a defined population in a defined time?

Surveillance - the number of active cases at given time.

Give the disease.

The beginning stages of a disease are termed ______________.

Does a chronic disease state have to be present at all times?

Systemic pathology is the of the specific responses to individual organ systems to pathogenic stimuli.