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Unit 6: Civilizations of the Americas Flashcards | StudBud
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Unit 6: Civilizations of the Americas
Unit 6: Civilizations of the Americas
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1
What was the Olmec region like?
Dry and arid with desert land for miles
Cool and breezy coastal beaches
hot and humid covered with swamps and jungle
Icy tundra wastelands
2
In the Western edge of South America where does the Andes Mountains reach from?
From southern Brazil into northern Central America
From Columbia in the north to Chile in the south
Stretched from southern Mexico into northern Central America
Stretched from southern Argentina into northern Brazil
3
Who did the most important rituals involve?
Tlaloc because he helped crops grow
Huitzilopochtli the sun god because he made the sun rise and set everyday
Tonatiuh who was known as The Turquoise Lord
Quetzalcoatl who was known as The Feathered Serpent
4
What parts of Zapotec culture and civilization went on to influence other societies?
Farming systems
Feudal system
All of the above
Hieroglyphics and a calendar system
5
Nearly all native North Americans believed that the world around them was filled with what?
All of the above
The kami
nature spirits
Bad omens
6
What was in the southwest, in what is now the Mexican state of Oaxaca?
Zapotec
Olmec
Inca
Nooka
7
Where did the first settled agriculture start?
Present day Argentina
Preasent day North America
Present day central Mexico
Present day Asia
8
Who sat atop the Aztec social pyramid?
Soilders
Priests and other religious leaders
Military leaders
The emperor
9
Where was the Aztec civilization and in what environment?
In the Western edge of South America
south in the Valley of Mexico with large shallow lakes and fertile soil
Stretched from southern Mexico into northern Central America
In the southern edge of South America
10
What were pueblos?
The currency of the Aztecs
Spanish ships that came in search of gold
villages of large apartment-style compounds made of stone and sunbaked clay
None of the above
11
What was the purpose of the mounds?
They were where the leaders would sacrifice items or people to the gods
They held the bodies of tribal leaders and were filled with gifts
They warded off intruders
They acted as lookout spots to watch for invaders
12
What were Mayan city states linked through
War and bloodshed
Trade and alliances
A through canal system reaching to each civilization
A common tyrant
13
What was Beringia?
The land bridge
The god of the hearth
A canal that connected the Mayans and Aztecs
A Mayan city state
14
Where did the Moche live?
the northern coast of Peru
In the highlands
Along the beaches of the southern coast
the Andes along the southern coast of Peru with a dry environment
15
What crops did these civilizations grow with slash and burn agriculture?
Lettuce, carrots, green beans, eggplant, and corn
Wheat, rice, sugar cane, barley, and sugar beats
squashes, gourds, beans, cotton, cacao beans, avocados, chilies and Maize
Apple, oranges, tomatoes, soy beans and wine grapes
16
Where did the Olmec live?
The Gulf Coast of Mexico in modern-day Veracruz and Tabasco
Stretched from southern Mexico into northern Central America
In the Western edge of South America
south in the Valley of Mexico with large shallow lakes and fertile soil
17
What was an accounting device, a set of knotted strings that could be used to record data?
Mita
chasquis
Ayllu
The quipu
18
Who were mother cultures
Maya and Olmec
Aztec and Inca
Chavin and Olmec
Nooka and zipate
19
The Chavin were a primary religious civilization and a mother culture
True
False
20
What were independent groups ruled by a god-king and serving as a center for religious ceremonies and trade?
Civilizations
City states
Clans
Empires
21
What is a theory on why the Mayans declined?
Melted ice flooded the Civilizations and everyone drowned
Extreme storms destroyed all food and supplies
They divided and became weak slowly declining
Increased warfare damaged the environment leading to famine and disease
22
Who was part of the triple alliance (the leading power in Mexico)?
Mayans, Incas, and Aztecs
None of the above
Aztecs, Texcoco and Tlacopan
Teotihuacán, telcoto, and Olmec
23
who began to plan and construct a monumental city in Oaxaca?
Incas
Teotihuacán
Telco
Aztecs
24
Who could be Incan leaders?
Anyone
men from one of 11 noble lineages believed to be descendants of the sun god
Anyone of 11 noble lineages believed to be descendants of the sun god
Woman from one of 11 noble lineages believed to be descendants of the god
25
How did Pachacuti succeed in expanding his empire?
offered enemy states an honorable surrender
allow them to keep their own customs and rulers in exchange for loyalty
through a combination of diplomacy and military force
All of the above
26
What was the Mayan civilization like?
Mountainous rainy regions in the Andes Mountains
Frozen tundra with caves where Mayans sought shelter from the cold
hot and humid covered with swamps and jungle
dry scrub forest and dense, steamy jungles of southeastern Mexico
27
What is the Andes Mountain climate like?
Freezing all day and night
Freezing during the day and hot and dry drying the night
Hot and dry all day and night
Hot and dry during the day and freezing at night
28
What was the theory that during the Ice Age the Americas were connected by a land bridge to Asia?
Land Bridge Theory
Asia and America Theory
Beringia Theory
Ice Age Theory
29
_____ was a system of runners who traveled roads as a kind of postal service, carrying messages around the empire
Glyphs
Mita
chasquis
Ayllu
30
What group held the greatest power in Aztec society?
Soilders
Military leaders
The emperors
Priests and other Religious leaders
31
Why did the Anasazi likely disappear?
Prolonged drought
Wars with neighboring communities
Starvation
All of the above
32
What served as a currency since Mayans did not have a uniform one?
Maize
Chunks of Gold
Promises of peace
chocolate beans
33
What was the importance of Cuzco?
It had the biggest temple of the sun god
It was splendid city of temples, plazas, and palaces and the capital city
It was a huge trade site
All of the above
34
What was Teotihuacán’s most valuable trade item?
All of the above
The codex (paper giving them a way of recording historical events)
Maize ( a golden and valuable crop that could be grown year round)
Obsidian (a green or black volcanic glass used to make razor-sharp weapons)
35
The Aztecs generally exercised harsh control over the empire
False
True
36
Teotihuacán conquered its neighbors or tried to create an empire
False
True
37
The woodland peoples often NEVER clashed with each other over land.
True
False
38
What are Mayans known for?
Their art, pottery, and textiles
Their architecture
Their extravagant irrigation and agriculture
Their peaceful leaders
39
Why did the Mayans believe in many gods?
The thought it would grant them visions of the future
They thought it kept the world in balance
They thought the gods protected them
They thought the gods would get angry and unleash their anger upon them
40
Who were extremely warlike people whose empire was based on conquest and worshiped a god who demanded blood?
Teotihuacán
Aztec
Mayan
Toltecs
41
Where were the Anasazi located?
Near the Aztecs
The four couriers region
The northeast
East of the Andes mountains
42
Why was maize the most important crop?
It had a golden color and they considered golden items gifts from the gods
It was a tough crop meaning it could withstand harsh weather conditions
Its plentiful nourishing and flourished in the tropical climate of Mexico
It’s able to be grown all year round so they would never run out
43
What art and architecture were the civilizations able to create?
Cliff dwellings, canals, and great grand ships
None
None of the above
stone carving, pottery, textiles, pyramids, plazas, and huge earthen mounds
44
How were the people of the Northwest?
They were poor in resources but became successful in trade
They were successful in fishing and farming
Poor in resources with a little population
rich in resources and supported a sizable population
45
What caused the land bridge to form?
The Pacific Ocean froze over allowing nomads to cross
Large thick icebergs came together making a path
A buildup of glaciers locked up water lowering sea levels making a corridor
A large unidentified body of mass floated between the two
46
What is a group that influences its neighboring groups, as well as the later civilizations of the region?
A father culture
Leading civilization
A mother culture
Head civilizations
47
What are glyphs?
Paper used to write down history
A book of Aztec prayers
hieroglyphic symbols
Totems for the leading clan
48
Why were the Aztecs scared of the arrival of the Spanish?
It brought to mind the legend of the return of Quetzalcoatl
They had guns
They looked threatening
All of the above
49
Where was the Mayan Civilization?
south in the Valley of Mexico with large shallow lakes and fertile soil
In the Western edge of South America
south in the Valley of Mexico with large shallow lakes and fertile soil
Stretched from southern Mexico into northern Central America
50
What’s a totem?
A natural object an individual clan identifies itself and a symbol of unity
A unique heavenly object gifted to a clan or group by a god
A tall thick piece of wood carved in the form of the clans god
A massive golden statue dedicated to a clans god as a sign of worship
51
What is true about the Moche?
All of the above
They didnt have a written language and were fierce soilders
They were fierce soilders and used the rivers from the Andes for irrigation
They were brilliant ceramic artists and wealthy
52
Ancient Peruvians carried ideas back to their communities. Chavin was their mother culture.
False
True
53
How was the environment of the people of the Southwest?
Swamplands with rich vegetation
Icy tundra with little life
Dry desert lands with caves and hills
Flat lands with plains and grassy fields
54
What parts of Olmec culture and civilization went on to influence other societies?
All of the above
Irrigation and farming systems
Art styles, pottery, jaguar motif, urban design, and elite ruling class
55
Why did many Aztecs begin to predict terrible things were coming?
There had been long droughts and they were dying
All of the above
They saw bad omens in every unusual occurrence
They kept seeing Incan spy’s sneaking onto Aztec temples
56
Where did the Nazca live and in what environment?
mountains and the northern highlands of Peru with a wet environment
Sea swamps of central Mexico with a dry environment
the Andes along the southern coast of Peru with a dry environment
Along the beaches of the southern coast with a harsh and arid climate
57
What was the cultural importance of the city of Tenochtitlán to the Aztecs?
It was the burial site of previous kings
It was the previous Inca kingdom
The war and sun god Huitzilopochtli told them to found a city of their own
The religious leaders saw the city in a vision
58
What’s a clan?
groups of families descended from a common ancestor
Groups of religious leaders who say the gods gave them a divine gift
The social heighary of the Aztecs
A sun god temple
59
What was the citadel in the Andes Mountains in Peru, above the Urubamba River?
The sun god
Pachacuti
Machu Picchu
The Andes shrine
60
The labor tribute was known as what?
Pachacuti
Ayllu
Mita
Glyphs
61
The Kwakiutl, Nooka, and Haida tribes lived where?
The southwest
The northwest
The southeast
The northeast
62
What was found in the Chichén Itzá?
Obsidian, women, silver, and sacred water
Dead bodies of the previous kings
captives, gold, jade, and other offerings
Maize, squash, beans, and other crops
63
What tribes were called mound builders?
Haida and Kwakiutl
Anasazi and nooka
Adena and Hopewell
Aztec and Inca
64
What was the first major civilization of central Mexico?
Aztec
Inca
Teotihuacán
Telco
65
What’s At the center of Monte Albán?
A giant earthen mound for king Chizahen
A massive golden statue of the sun god
A giant plaza paved with stones
A burial site where all the Inca kings were buried surrounded by gold items
66
The Olmec had a ________ allowing them to have more influence
Large trade network
Shipping business
Good relationship with neighbors
All of the above
67
What was the greatest engineering/ public works marvel of the Inca Empire?
A famous trade market with items from all over South America
the Incan road system
The intricate canal system
The elaborate system of hieroglyphics
68
What is a rugged region of mountains and valleys in southern Mexico with fertile soil, a mild climate, and rainfall?
Mayan
Olmec
Aztec
Oaxaca
69
What was the ayllu?
powerful and ambitious Incan ruler in 1438 who conquered Peru and neighbors
Currency used by the Aztecs
An extended family group who undertook tasks too big for a single family
hieroglyphic symbols
70
Montezuma II called for even more tribute and sacrifice and the people rebelled.
True
False
71
What was the most important resource of Northwest civilizations
The mountains
The sea
The plains
Crops
72
How did the Inca manage to control a huge empire?
They had great weapons
They said that they had the sun god on their side
divided their territory into manageable units governed by centrl buraucracy
They got rid of anyone who dared to question them
73
The spread of Chavín art styles and religious images as seen in stone carving, pottery, and textiles.
True
False
74
What was a potlatch?
A tribute ceremony for the sun god
A gift given to the tribe leader by neighboring tribes hoping not to fight
None of the above
An elaborate ceremony where families display their rank and prosperity
75
Who was Pachacuti
powerful and ambitious Incan ruler in 1438 who conquered Peru and neighbors
The god of growth
The sun god
An Olmec ruler in 1457 who led the Olmec to fall
76
What type of people were the early Americans?
Farmers and herders
They hid in caves from the cold and mammoths
Hunters and gatherers
Fishers
77
What did they believe their rituals let them do?
satisfy their basic needs and let them live in peace and harmony
Give them divine powers including visions and seeings of the future
All of the above
Let them communicate with the sun god
78
What did most civilizations include?
All of the above
giant pyramids, temples, palaces, and stone carvings dedicated to the gods
Massive trade centers
Canals and irrigation systems
79
Where was Chavin Civilization located?
Sea swamps of central Mexico
mountains and the northern highlands of Peru
Sourthen Coastal bays
the Andes along the southern coast of Peru with a dry environment
80
Some groups held up one supreme being, or Great Spirit, above all others.
True
False
81
Who left art styles, pottery, the use of the jaguar motif, ritual ball games, ceremonial center and a elite ruling class
Olmec
Nooka
Zapotec
Moche
82
What were common items traded?
Totems
cotton textiles, jade ornaments, salt, flint, feathers, shells, and honey
All of the above
Wood, sap, timber and other items collected from forests
83
Who helped create the Iroquois league to promote joint defense and cooperation among the tribes?
Chief Moche
Chief Hiawatha
Chief Manaisaza
Chief Pachacuti
84
Where did the Inca settle their early kingdom?
on cultural foundations in Cuzco southern Peru in South America
In the highlands and swamplands of Peru
the Andes along the southern coast of Peru with a dry environment
Along the beaches of the southern coast
85
Who were headhunters?
Nazca
Aztecs
Moche
Chavin
86
Who left behind a hieroglyphic writing system, a calendar system based on the sun and known as the first city builders?
Aztec
Zapotec
Olmec
Mayan
87
Who formed the Iroquois League?
Anasazi Aztec and Inca
Haida and Kwakiutl and nooka
All of the above
Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, and Seneca
