AP World Quiz #1

His conversion helped spread faith throughout India. After him, the Mauryan Empire soon declined in power

Siddhartha wandered India for six years; he fasted, debated with holy men, and meditated.

What two religions were developed in the Indus River Valley (South Asia)?

Although there was conflict, the development of government provided a more peaceful way to settle conflicts

People became highly skilled at one job. Artisans made tools&weapons. Merchants traded. Priests conducted rituals.

Covenant: Abraham promised he & his descendents would obey God in return God would protect them.

Mathematicians developed a numbering system that combined a small number of symbols, 0-9, and the idea of place value.

Changes provided the foundation for increased trade and prosperity.

Culture

Political

The time when human beings first domesticated plants and animals and no longer relied entirely on hunting and gathering

According to Hebrew belief, God chose Abraham, a shepherd from Mesopotamia, to be the father of the Hebrews.

based on search for perfect understanding called moksha (enlightenment) & liberation from the human world.

He spread knowledge of the law by inscribing his edicts on pillars throughout the empire.

People became more sharply divided into social classes by wealth and occupation. Status of women declined.

the idea that "heaven," or some universal force, provided the justifcation for an emperor and his family to rule China.

disasters were a sign to Chinese people that the ruler had lost it. Several major peasant uprisings resulted due to this

Economics

He promoted prosperity by creating an efficient tax system and by building roads that connected commercial centers.

Technology

Under a centralized government in Pataliputra, a city in northwestern India, intellectual and cultural life flourished.

Know Truth, Say nothing to hurt others, Practice Meditation, Control Thoughts, Resist Evil, Free Your Mind of Evil

The first period of unity in South Asia 322 BCE-187 BCE. It reached its high point during the rule of Ashoka.

Created more extensive governments & taxation. Desire to keep records about trade & taxes led to invention of writing.

Social

believed in enlightenment and reincarnation but rejected the caste system and only Brahmins can reach enlightenment

Economics

To unify people, it strongly supported Hinduism. Hinduism is the most common religion in India today.

Interactions with the Environment

Social

Life is filled with suffering and sorrow. The cause of suffering is selfish desire for temporary pleasures of the world.

Interaction Between Humans and Environment

The religion and moral laws of the Hebrews would have an enormous influence on Western culture.

Siddhartha Gautama was son of a noble family in Nepal. He abandoned noble life to search for end of life's suffering

Cultural

Political

Social

Culture

After meditating, Siddhartha achieved enlightenment. From this moment on he was known as "Buddha" or "Enlightened One"

Cultural

Cultural

Moving up in the case system depends on fulfilling dharma (duty) and gaining karma (doing good deeds)

Believe in thousands of gods, but 3 are supreme: Brahma (the Creator), Vishnu (the Preserver), and Shiva (the Destroyer)

Siddhartha Gautama was son of a noble family in Nepal. He abandoned noble life at age 29 to search for religious truth

Technology

In public hospitals, physicians made advances in medicine, such as using inoculations to prevent disease.

Economic

They transformed China's government by creating a civil service exam. Required students to analyze Confucian teachings

People developed new technology. Learned how to improve irrigation systems & make use of the wheel in transportation

Political

A government in which one authority controls the running of a state.

Patriarchal social structure. Emphasized filial piety, the duty of people to honor their ancestors.

They believe in reincarnation (people are reborn into another form)

Technology

Teachings were written down by his followers in the Analects which describe how people should behave in everyday life.

Political

became a Golden Age of Chinese history. China was more peaceful and its population grew.

Economic

Technology

has been the unifier for South Asia from Indus River Valley to now

Technology

lower castes & women were attracted to this religion because they could achieve enlightenment without being elite

Interactions with the Environment

Work for the good of others & Respect Life

Buddha delivered a sermon on his understanding of the cause of the world's suffering called the "Four Noble Truths"

Economic

Technology

Hebrews originated in an area near Mesopotamia called Canaan (modern day Israel).

Cultural

Hebrews who made the change from nomads to settled farmers, herders, and city dwellers and the Torah

Most of trade was in luxury items such as spices, gems, precious metals, tea, and, most famously, silk.

There is no single text but rather several written works that explore philosophy of this religion: Vedas and Upanishads

Technology

Why did religion & trade dominate South Asia's influence on Southeast Asia?

During Warring States period the philosopher K'ung Fu-tzu was born. He lived around the same time as the Buddha in India

Those who scored well received prestigious jobs. Produced a well-educated government of & allowed social mobility

They standardized Chinese script, established a uniform system of weights and measures, and built canals and roads.

Technology

The way to end all suffering is to end all desires by following the Eightfold Path

The teachings affected Chinese beliefs and values more than any other philosophy.

decision-making processes are dispersed throughout the system rather than being concentrated on one person/group

Only upper portion of the caste system (Brahmins) can achieve moksha.

Competition for resources & accumulation of wealth increased group conflicts.

Spread from South Asia to Southeast & East Asia

In return for God's help in escaping Egypt, Moses agreed to a new covenant: the Hebrews must obey the Ten Commandments.

The way to nirvana/enlightenment is the Eightfold Path which are considered the teaching of Siddhartha Gautama.

Social

He is one of the few powerful rulers in history who converted from one faith—Hinduism—to Buddhism.

Political

Monotheistic

Siddhartha's teachings to reach nirvana.

Social

The second period of unity in South Asia from 320 C.E. to 550 C.E. Referred to as the Golden Age of India.

China regained stability in this dynasty by establishing centralized control.

Caste system as well as religious beliefs had enormous impact on life. It determined cleanliness, eating, clothing

Political

Chinese science&technology prospered, producing such developments as the magnetic compass, paper, & the sternpost rudder

Analects don't focus on deity. It focused on education, benevolence, virtue, respect for those with authority

Population grew. People lived in larger settlements that eventually developed into cities.

Interactions Between Humans in the Environment