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PSY 241 Exam 1 review FA20204 Flashcards | StudBud
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PSY 241 Exam 1 review FA20204
PSY 241 Exam 1 review FA20204
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1
What is the process of fertilization?
Development of the zygote
Implantation of the fertilized egg
Fusion of sperm and egg
Formation of the placenta
2
According to Erikson's psychosocial stages, which stage occurs during adolescence?
Intimacy vs. Isolation
Trust vs. Mistrust
Generativity vs. Stagnation
Identity vs. Role Confusion
3
What is attachment theory?
The theory that explains how children develop morality
The theory that explains how children develop cognitive abilities
The theory that explains how children learn language
The theory that explains how infants form bonds with their caregivers
4
What are the basic cells of the nervous system?
Red blood cells
Neurons
Glial cells
Muscle cells
5
What is the Head Start program?
A program for children with special needs
An early childhood education program aimed at low-income families
A program for gifted children
A program for children with behavioral problems
6
What is the significance of the APGAR score in assessing newborn health?
Measures the baby's weight
Evaluates the baby's reflexes
Assesses the baby's overall well-being
Determines the baby's blood type
7
What are the risk factors for Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)?
Exposure to loud noises
Regular physical activity
Sleeping on a firm surface
Secondhand smoke exposure
8
What is the impact of proper nutrition on child development and health?
Improved cognitive abilities
Increased risk of allergies
Decreased risk of obesity
Weakened immune system
9
What are the stages of memory processing?
Sensation, perception, cognition
Habituation, dehabituation
Encoding, storage, retrieval
Attention, perception, motivation
10
What is the distinction between gender and sex?
Gender refers to personality traits, sex refers to physical characteristics
Gender refers to biological differences, sex refers to societal roles
Gender refers to sexual orientation, sex refers to gender identity
Gender refers to societal roles, sex refers to biological differences
11
What is not a types of conditioning?
Observational conditioning
Social conditioning
Reinforcement conditioning
Latent conditioning
12
What are the complications of preterm birth?
Developmental delays
Low birth weight
Postpartum depression
Respiratory problems
13
What is private speech in childhood development?
Speech directed towards authority figures
Speech using slang words
Speech directed towards oneself
Speech using multiple languages
14
How is gender identification in children developed?
Through a combination of genetic and environmental factors
Through genetic factors only
Through parental influence only
Through observation of others' gender roles
15
What is lateralization in brain function?
The specialization of brain functions in different hemispheres
The ability to use both hands equally
The ability to speak multiple languages
The process of brain cell regeneration
16
What is the function of DNA in heredity and genetic variation?
Produces energy
Encodes proteins
Carries genetic information
Regulates gene expression
17
What are the causes of Down Syndrome?
Maternal age
Chromosomal abnormalities
Genetic mutations
Environmental factors
18
What is stranger anxiety?
Fear of unfamiliar people
Fear of loud noises
Fear of separation from caregivers
Fear of new experiences
19
What are the psychological effects of miscarriage?
Depression and anxiety
Improved maternal bonding
Emotional stability
Increased fertility
20
What is the role of CRH in pregnancy and childbirth?
Controls fetal development
Stimulates uterine contractions
Maintains hormone balance
Regulates blood pressure
21
Which of the following is a function of a neuron?
Producing hormones
Pumping blood
Transmitting electrical signals
Transporting oxygen
22
What unique features are found in a preschooler's brain development?
Rapid growth of neural connections
Enhanced motor skills
Decreased brain size
Fully developed cognitive abilities
23
What is the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)?
The range of tasks that a child can perform independently
The range of tasks that a child can perform with maximum effort
The range of tasks that a child can perform with assistance
The range of tasks that a child can perform in a group setting
24
What is neural plasticity?
A disorder affecting the nervous system
The ability of the nervous system to change and adapt
A type of brain surgery
The process of aging
25
What are strategies to improve memory?
Rehearsal, chunking, mnemonic devices
Multitasking
Cramming
Overlearning, procrastination
26
What are the options for pain relief during labor?
Acupuncture
Massage therapy
Epidural anesthesia
Herbal remedies
27
What is social referencing?
Referencing academic sources in social sciences
Using social media for reference
Seeking guidance from others in social situations
Using body language to communicate emotions
28
What are the symptoms of postpartum depression?
Enhanced bonding with the baby
Fatigue and sleep disturbances
Increased energy and motivation
Improved self-esteem
29
What are teratogens?
Techniques used in prenatal testing
Genetic disorders
Hormones involved in childbirth
Harmful substances that can affect prenatal development
30
What is anoxia in newborns?
Genetic disorder
Lack of oxygen
Excessive bleeding
Premature birth
31
What are Piaget's stages of cognitive development?
Sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational
Trust vs. mistrust, autonomy vs. shame and doubt, etc.
Preconventional, conventional, postconventional
Oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital
32
What is infant-directed speech?
Speech using sign language
Speech using simple vocabulary and high pitch
Speech directed towards infants
Speech using complex vocabulary and low pitch
33
What are the benefits of breastfeeding?
Increased risk of infections
Nutritional composition tailored to the baby
Reduced bonding between mother and baby
Convenience
34
What is temperament?
An individual's problem-solving abilities
An individual's cultural background
An individual's physical strength and endurance
An individual's characteristic emotional reactivity and intensity
35
What are Erik Erikson's stages of psychosocial development?
Preconventional, conventional, postconventional
Trust vs. mistrust, autonomy vs. shame and doubt, etc
Sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational
Oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital
36
What is Vygotsky's cognitive development theory?
emphasizes the role of social interaction in cognitive development
focuses on genetic factors in cognitive development
focuses on individual exploration in cognitive development
emphasizes the importance of physical maturation in cognitive development
37
What is handedness?
Preference for using one hand over the other
Preference for using the dominant foot
Preference for using the non-dominant hand
Preference for using both hands equally
38
What is the purpose of prenatal testing?
To monitor fetal development
To assess the mother's health
To detect genetic disorders
To determine the baby's gender
39
What are the drawbacks of formula feeding?
Provides necessary antibodies
Requires preparation time
Cost-effective
Reduces risk of ear infections
40
What is proximodistal development?
Development that occurs from the outside in
Development that occurs from the center of the body outward
Development that occurs from the head down
Development that occurs from the extremities inward
41
What is self-awareness in child development?
Awareness of social norms
The ability to solve complex problems
Awareness of others' emotions
The ability to recognize oneself as an individual
42
What is social learning in child development?
Learning through individual trial and error
Learning from social interactions and observing others
Learning through memorization
Learning through physical activity
43
What are autobiographical memories?
Memories of historical events
Memories of fictional stories
Memories of dreams
Memories of personal experiences and events
44
How do friendships evolve in childhood?
exclusive friendships to inclusive friendships
teacher-student relationships to peer relationships
simple playmates to more complex relationships based on shared interests
sibling relationships to friend relationships
