Umayyad Spain developed a distinctive Islamic culture because of

blending of Roman, Germanic, Jew, Arab & Berber traditions

As migrations occurred, such as the spread of Arabs, the migrating peoples tended to

spread their languages to the new regions they went to

One of the false assumptions about Muslim rule over foreign lands is

they forced conversion on the population.

In the long term, the crusading movement by Western Europeans

was used by Europeans to rationalize later empire building.

How did contact w/ the Muslim world affect the African slave trade?

Slavery developed rapidly b/cof Muslim conquests in Africa

How did the Byzantines differ from their western counterparts?

They continued the pattern of Roman rule.

What was NOT a reason for the early expansion of Islam beyond Arabia?

need to push back recent advances of Christians

The Byzantine empires avoided political fragmentation like Medieval Europe because they

used an elaborate bureaucracy so diverse ppl worked in govt

___ was evidence of the expansion and growth of European civilization during High Middle Ages.

considerable increase in long-distance trade.

All of the following are reasons for the decline of urban areas from 600-1450 EXCEPT

increased agricultural activity

What was the primary characteristic of feudal society in medieval Europe?

an exchange of land for services

Mecca is an important city because it

is a caravan city and pilgrimage site of the Ka'ba.

Baghdad in the 13th century...

Was allowed to prosper b/c of trade & supported the arts.

How was the spread of Christianity in W. Europe similar to the spread of Buddhism in China?

Buddhism/Christianity had little appeal for nomads

wanted direct & personal experience to achieve union w/ God

After the 7th century, Byzantine women

were increasingly confined to home life.

Baghdad flourished for all of the following reasons EXCEPT

Funded numerous military campaigns against Christian Europe

The Byzantine Corpus Juris Civilis was important in the late 11th century because it

became the basis for civil law in the West.

In its cultural interaction with the Byzantine Empire, Kievan Russia

adopted the political ideals of imperial control of Church.

How did Islam and Hinduism differ?

Islam = egalitarianism of all. Hinduism =caste system.

Which of the following is true about both Byzantine Empire and China from 900-1450?

Both regions dealt with peasant revolts over taxation.

How did the followers of Eastern Orthodoxy differ from Roman Catholics?

Saw their Patriarch, not the Pope, as head of the Church

Why is the Abbasid rule considered a "golden age"?

It created a multiethnic Muslim world.

The transfer of gunpowder to Western Europe was brought about chiefly as a result of the

Expansion of the Mongol Empires

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AP Middle Ages and Islam Test Review

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Questions 81

Answers

1
The __ was W. Europe's largest landowner, represented God's will, & was main source of learning
Byzantine Emperor
Holy Roman Emperor
Catholic Church
King of the Franks
2
Feudalism was what type of system?
Economic
Social
3
Which of the following buildings is one of the best examples of early Christian architecture?
St. Peter's Basilica
The Taj Mahal
St. Paul's Cathedral
Hagia Sophia
4
Which institution served as the main unifying force of medieval Western Europe?
Church
Monarchy
Legislature
Military
5
Umayyad Spain developed a distinctive Islamic culture because of
blending of Roman, Germanic, Jew, Arab & Berber traditions
Viking invasions of the 9th century
its complete isolation from European influences
decrease in Arab power plus growing Christian influence
6
"I charge the caliph not to close his doors to Muslims & allow the strong to devour the weak."
declaration of faith
Hajj
Giving to the poor
praying five times a day
7
All of the following are pillars of the Islamic faith EXCEPT
jihad
almsgiving
prayer five times a day
recitation of: There is no God but Allah...
8
As migrations occurred, such as the spread of Arabs, the migrating peoples tended to
abandon all cultural values from their native land
completely destroy all native cultures
spread their languages to the new regions they went to
adopt the religions of the locals
9
One of the false assumptions about Muslim rule over foreign lands is
they forced conversion on the population.
they used a tributary system to demand loyalty.
they devoted themselves to science.
they beautified the cities of their empire.
10
Between 800-1200, feudalism was the governmental form shared by which of the following regions?
Northern Europe and Japan
Northern Europe and the Middle East
Japan and Mesoamerica
Sub-Saharan Africa and the Middle East
11
In the long term, the crusading movement by Western Europeans
led to widespread conversions to Christianity
brought E. Orthodox & Roman Catholic churches closer
was used by Europeans to rationalize later empire building.
disrupted channels of trade
12
How did contact w/ the Muslim world affect the African slave trade?
Slavery developed rapidly b/cof Muslim conquests in Africa
Slavery was unknown in Africa until Muslims introduced it.
Muslims refused to accept African slaves.
Early Muslim rulers suppressed the slave trade.
13
The Byzantine approach to foreigners was
acceptance and integration
Isolation of foreigners into separate communities
total rejection-a change from their position in Roman Empire
Acceptance if they convert to Christianity
14
How did the Byzantines differ from their western counterparts?
They continued the pattern of Roman rule.
They dominated trade in the Mediterranean.
They were mostly pagans.
They rejected the connection to the Roman Empire.
15
What was NOT a reason for the early expansion of Islam beyond Arabia?
desire to convert new populations to Islam
need to push back recent advances of Christians
means to release Bedouin tribes against others
the sense of common cause and united strength
16
The capital of the Byzantine Empire and its commercial center was located at
Constantinople
Jerusalem
Nicea
Rome
17
What accurately characterizes Islamic culture during the 10th-13th centuries?
The level of scientific knowledge was higher than Europe.
Muslim scholars, physicians, & architects impacted Europe.
Muslim scholars were knew learning of ancient Greeks
All choices are correct
18
The Byzantine empires avoided political fragmentation like Medieval Europe because they
built universities in the frontier
instilled fear in the frontier people
used an elaborate bureaucracy so diverse ppl worked in govt
were committed to feudalism
19
Land
Fielty
Fief
Manor
Siege
20
The lord's land, house, or estate
Manor
Fief
Vassal
Siege
21
__ is Europeans building on technology rather than borrowing technologies from civilizations
paper making
lateen sail
compass
gunpowder canon
22
In Western Europe, feudalism developed after the
Renaissance began
city of Constantinople fell to the Ottoman Turks
turmoil of repeated invasions
Mongols invaded.
23
What term emerged during the early Umayyad Caliphate?
purdah
dhimmi
ulama
jizya
24
Loyalty
Fief
Siege
Manor
Fealty
25
___ was evidence of the expansion and growth of European civilization during High Middle Ages.
Cities increased in size
considerable increase in long-distance trade.
Pope emerged as all-powerful political ruler of W. Europe
Europe’s population declined, creating agricultural surplus
26
Which of the following civilizations gave the least amount of power to its rulers: 1000–1300?
the Byzantine Empire
Western Europe
Japan
China
27
All of the following are reasons for the decline of urban areas from 600-1450 EXCEPT
climate change
increased agricultural activity
spread of disease
invasions
28
"No tax shall be imposed on our kingdom..." This is from the
the King's Justice
Declaration of the Rights of Man
Magna Carta
Summas
29
What aided the Byzantines to withstand the Muslim siege of Constantinople in 717?
Gunpowder rockets
Greek fire
Cannon
Catapults
30
What was the primary characteristic of feudal society in medieval Europe?
protection of individual rights
an exchange of land for services
economic equality for all
a representative government
31
"No tax shall be imposed on our kingdom, unless by common counsel of our kingdom" This is from:
Declaration of Rights of Man
Magna Carta
Hadith
Summas
32
Mecca is an important city because it
is abundantly watered & needs no irrigation for crops.
is the rival city to Jerusalem.
is a caravan city and pilgrimage site of the Ka'ba.
is a center of intellectual learning.
33
Baghdad in the 13th century...
welcomed non-Muslim foreigners
Was allowed to prosper b/c of trade & supported the arts.
Was a city that embraced ALL forms of religious belief.
Had a society that treated men & women equally.
34
How was the spread of Christianity in W. Europe similar to the spread of Buddhism in China?
Both had monasteries shut down
Rejection of wealth by both Buddhist/Christian monasteries
Buddhism/Christianity had little appeal for nomads
Both had hierarchies modeled by their empires
35
The Sufi
believed performing the 5 pillars assured a place in heaven
wanted direct & personal experience to achieve union w/ God
sought a unified belief system btwn monotheism & polytheism
were scholar legalists who studied words of Muhammad
36
After the 7th century, Byzantine women
began to officially rule the empire.
won increased rights to property and inheritance.
were allowed to serve in the bureaucracy.
were increasingly confined to home life.
37
Baghdad flourished for all of the following reasons EXCEPT
Funded numerous military campaigns against Christian Europe
Participated in wider interregional trade network w/ E. Asia
It encouraged the advancement of science and technology.
It served as administrative center for Islamic Caliphate.
38
Under the leadership of the caliphs, expansion included all of the following EXCEPT
Far Western India
the Eastern regions of China
Egypt and North Africa
Spain
39
The Byzantine Corpus Juris Civilis was important in the late 11th century because it
separated the Byzantine church and state
became the basis for civil law in the West.
laid out the treatment for Islamic prisoners of war.
reintroduced Roman law in Byzantium
40
In its cultural interaction with the Byzantine Empire, Kievan Russia
adopted the political ideals of imperial control of Church.
adopted the Greek alphabet.
ultimately adopted Roman Catholicism
ultimately adopted Islam
41
The beliefs and practices of Islam were based on interactions with all of the following EXCEPT
Zoroastrians
Christians
Jews
Buddhists
42
Maniorialism was what type of system?
Economic
Social
43
Being the lord's loyal servant
Fief
Manor
Vassal
Fealty
44
How did Islam and Hinduism differ?
Islam = egalitarianism of all. Hinduism =caste system.
Islam stressed egalitarianism of all. Hinduism rigid.
Hinduism = egalitarianism. Islam = caste system.
Hinduism stressed egalitarianism for all. Islam was rigid.
45
What religion was prominently diffused along the trans-Saharan trade routes?
Christianity
Judaism
Islam
Eastern Orthodoxy
46
Which of the following is true about both Byzantine Empire and China from 900-1450?
Both regions expanded because of gunpowder weapons.
Both regions were conquered by the Mongols.
Both regions dealt with peasant revolts over taxation.
In both regions most people were Christians.
47
How did the followers of Eastern Orthodoxy differ from Roman Catholics?
Rejected the teachings of the New Testament
They built large churches for ppl to worship together.
Saw their Patriarch, not the Pope, as head of the Church
They refused to show icons of Jesus in the churches.
48
Connecting to the larger community of Muslims (the umma) is based on an individual's
racial differences
regional tribal affiliations
faithful performance of duties
class divisions
49
The office of the political and religious successor of Muhammad was called
Abbasid
Caliph
Karbala
Iman
50
Why is the Abbasid rule considered a "golden age"?
It banned science in favor of poetry.
The Spanish region was considered the golden frontier.
It created a multiethnic Muslim world.
It used the golden cow as the focus of religious worship.
51
The transfer of gunpowder to Western Europe was brought about chiefly as a result of the
travels of Ibn Battuta
Expansion of the Mongol Empires
Crusades
Muslim conquest of Spain
52
The use of guilds in European cities and towns was primarily for the purpose of
creating merchandise designed for ppl at all income levels
increasing competition btwn craftworkers
ensuring maximum profit for members of the guild
increasing the availability of credit
53
The Byzantine Empire, as a result of the Islamic Invasions in the 7th and 8th centuries,
gradually weakened as a result of territorial loss
stregthened through loss of land & advent of theme system
experienced a period of economic disaster
neither gained or lost territory
54
A major goal of the Catholic Church during the Crusades was to
unite Arab peoples
strengthen the power of European rulers
establish Christianity in Western Europe
capture the Holy Land from Islamic rulers
55
The name normally given to the form of Christianity that emerged in the Byzantine Empire was
Zoroastrianism
Roman Catholicism
Orthodox Christianity
Judaism
56
Women's roles ___ upon the creation of the Islamic empire of the Umayyad & Abbasid.
experienced no change
stayed relatively the same, with minor changes
weakened
gradually strengthened
57
Like Christians, Muslims profess all of the following beliefs EXCEPT
monotheism
the Trinity
resurrection
the teachings of Moses
58
After Muhammad's death, the Muslim community began to be ruled by a caliph, who was
thought to be the reincarnation of Muhammad
both a political and religious leader
a political leader
a religious leader
59
After Meccan leaders felt threatened by his popularity, Muhammad fled Meccca. This was the
jihad
hijra
hajj
shaitan
60
The use of camels by Arab and Berber traders to travel across the Sahara shows that
Traders gained knowledge of their environments & adapted
animal domestication began in/around the Sahara Desert
Spread of language was a key effect of long-distance trade
Sea-based trading was more prevalent than on land
61
What was Muhammad's teaching w/ respect to revelations of other monotheistic religions?
He accepted Christian, but rejected Jewish revelations.
Taught monotheistic religoin was compatible w/ polytheism
He accepted Jewish revelations, but rejected Christian ones.
He accepted the validity of Christian & Jewish revelations.
62
The collapse of the Abbasid Caliphate was brought about by
the invasion of the Mongols
the Battle of Tours
an internal revolt by the Umayyad
the fall of Constantinople
63
In comparison to Byzantium, the Latin West before 1000 C.E.
was more integrated into the Silk Roads.
was more politically unified.
said no city was greater than Constantinople.
had a Christian church more firmly under control of kings
64
Being surrounded by your enemy
Fief
Manor
Siege
Fealty
65
As the Caliphates came to power, they were able to increase trade using networks that spanned
North Africa
Central Asia
the Andes Mountains
Southeast Asia
66
The Capital of the Western Roman Empire was located in
Constantinople
Rome
Jerusalem
Nicea
67
Political & theological faction w/in Islam recognizing only Ali & family of Muhammad as rulers
Sunni
Shi'a
Sufi
Sheik
68
Which of the following is most correctly seen as a direct descendant of the Roman Empire?
the Kievan State
Byzantine Empire
Frankish Empire
Ottoman Empire
69
The Byzantine Empire fell to the Ottoman Turks in the year
1258
1326
711
1453
70
The later Byzantine Empire was culturally most associated with which civilization?
Russian
Greek
Roman
Western European
71
What was the nature of pre-Islamic bedouin religion?
Most Bedouin were Jews.
Bedouin religion was a blend of animism and polytheism.
Bedouin were strictly monotheists who worshiped Allah.
Most Bedouin were Christians.
72
What was the impact of the Seljuk conquest of Baghdad on the Abbasid Empire?
It left them unprepared to deal with the Mongols.
Empire crumbled after military success of Egypt & Byzantines
Imposition of Christian govt temporarily restored order.
Restored Empire to meet the challenges of Egypt & Byzantines
73
Which is most accurate about the impact of Islam on sub-Saharan Africa?
Islam cut off North Africa from Sub-Saharan Africa
Spread of Islam brought much of Africa w/in global community
W/ ppl converting to Islam, Africa becomes center of world
African development can be understood only w/ Islam
74
The religious controversy over the use of religious images in worship in the 8th c. was
the iconoclastic controversy
The Nestorian Controversy
the Trinitarian controversy
the Christological controversy
75
Missionaries Cyril & Methodius connected to the Balkans, E. Europe, & Russia by bringing common
Government and theology to the Byzantines
Tradition and isolation to Europe
Language and religion to the region
Trade and union to the government
76
__ caused the split btwn the Roman Catholic Church and Eastern Orthodox Church
acceptance of married priests in the Roman Catholic Church.
the fear of the growth of Islam.
political rivalry between the Byzantine Empire and Kiev.
disagreement about the veneration of icons.
77
This picture is an example of what form of artwork widely used by the Islamic empire?
collage
fresco
sculpture
mosaic
78
The name given to the formal split of the Christian Church in 1054 CE was called
the Answer
The Formal Division
the Great Schism
the Reformation
79
What is the role of the Roman Catholic Church in Western Europe during the Middle Ages?
The Church provided a sense of stability, unity, and order.
The Church encouraged ppl to question authority.
The Church gained influence as the world became secular.
Church leaders were limited to spiritual activities.
80
During the Middle Ages the ____ had considerable political power.
Patriarch
Church
Government
Emperor
81
What was the principle advantage of the Islamic concept of the umma?
Transcended old tribal boundaries creating unity
Provided dietary restrictions for food distribution
Gave principle of political succession for Islamic govt
Provided for annual treaty to restore trade routes

AP Middle Ages and Islam Test Review Flashcards | StudBud