Martin Luther’s posting of the Ninety-Five Theses is considered by many to be a turning point in history because

the power of the Roman Catholic Church was lessened and royal power grew

Which change to Christian church practice was suggested by Martin Luther?

printing the Bible in German so all could read it

One impact Gutenberg’s printing press had on western Europe was

the spread of Martin Luther’s ideas

Which geographic factor contributed to the rise of the Renaissance in Italian city-states?

location near the coast of the Mediterranean Sea

A major goal of the Counter-Reformation was to

reinstate the power of the Roman Catholic Church

Which statement about the Protestant Reformation is an opinion rather than a fact?

Henry VIII led a stronger religious reform movement than Martin Luther did.

Which statement best describes the effects of the works of Nicolaus Copernicus, Galileo Galilei, and Sir Isaac Newton?

The scientific method was used to solve problems.

One result of the Protestant Reformation was

a decline in religious unity in western Europe

Which pair of ideas were central to the Scientific Revolution?

observation and experimentation

The scientific theories developed by Copernicus, Galileo, and Newton resulted in

challenges to the traditional teachings of the Catholic Church

Martin Luther, John Calvin, and Henry VIII all played a key role in the

end of religious unity in Europe

What is a major reason the Renaissance began in the Italian city-states?

The Mediterranean location of these city-states encouraged trade.

In Spain, an effect of the Inquisition during the 16th century was to

prevent the introduction of Protestant religions

A key feature of European Renaissance culture was

an outlook emphasizing classicism, secularism,and individualism

Which statement best expresses the philosophy of humanism?

People have potential and can improve themselves by learning.

What is meant by Machiavelli’s belief that “the end justifies the means”?

Leaders may use any method to achieve what is best for the state.

The Renaissance in western Europe was a period noted for

a shift from a spiritual focus to a more humanistic one

Which statement about the Scientific Revolution in Europe is accurate?

Scientists questioned traditional beliefs about the universe.

One way in which Martin Luther’s Ninety-five Theses and the creation of the Anglican Church are similar is that both

challenged the authority of the Catholic Church

Which situation was a direct result of the Protestant Reformation in western Europe?

The religions of the people of Europe became more diverse.

The influence of Greek and Roman culture on some Renaissance art is reflected in

a realistic portrayal of the human body

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G2 U3 - Transformations in Western Europe Review

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Questions 27

Answers

1
Martin Luther’s posting of the Ninety-Five Theses is considered by many to be a turning point in history because
the Pope’s right to sell indulgences was strengthened
the Roman Catholic Church unified the German states
the power of the Roman Catholic Church was lessened and royal power grew
Luther soon became the leader of Germany
2
Which change to Christian church practice was suggested by Martin Luther?
installing statues of saints in churches
saying the mass in Latin so the faithful would learn it
increasing the sale of indulgences
printing the Bible in German so all could read it
3
One impact Gutenberg’s printing press had on western Europe was
a decline in literacy
a decrease in the number of universities
the spread of Martin Luther’s ideas
the unification of the Holy Roman Empire
4
Which leader started the Protestant Reformation by speaking out against indulgences in the Ninety-five Theses?
Martin Luther
Henry VIII
John Calvin
John Wycliffe
5
In The Prince, Machiavelli advises rulers to
seek the approval of the people
promote openness in government
learn and follow the commandments of the church
establish and maintain power
6
Which geographic factor contributed to the rise of the Renaissance in Italian city-states?
mountainous terrain of the Alps
ease of travel on the Northern European Plain
location near the coast of the Mediterranean Sea
navigable waters of the Danube River
7
A major goal of the Counter-Reformation was to
reinstate the power of the Roman Catholic Church
encourage new ideas in science and philosophy throughout Europe
compromise with European Protestants
reduce the authority of absolute monarchs
8
Which statement about the Protestant Reformation is an opinion rather than a fact?
Membership in the Catholic Church declined in northern Europe.
Henry VIII led a stronger religious reform movement than Martin Luther did.
European religious unity was disrupted by the newly established religions.
German princes revolted against the Holy Roman Emperor.
9
Which statement best describes the effects of the works of Nicolaus Copernicus, Galileo Galilei, and Sir Isaac Newton?
The scientific method was used to solve problems.
The acceptance of traditional authority was strengthened.
Interest in Greek and Roman drama was renewed.
Funding to education was increased by the English government.
10
One result of the Protestant Reformation was
a decline in religious unity in western Europe
fewer challenges to Church authority
the disbanding of the Jesuit order
a weakening of the Inquisition
11
Which pair of ideas were central to the Scientific Revolution?
scarcity and interdependence
observation and experimentation
social stability and economic self-sufficiency
technology and military expansion
12
The scientific theories developed by Copernicus, Galileo, and Newton resulted in
support for the Earth-centered theory of the universe
challenges to the traditional teachings of the Catholic Church
confirmation of Darwin’s theory of evolution
a renewed interest in the writings of Jean-Jacques Rousseau
13
Which period began as a result of the actions shown in this cartoon?
Glorious Revolution
Scientific Revolution
Italian Renaissance
Protestant Reformation
14
The Protestant Reformation initially tried just to reform the Catholic Church.
True
False
15
Martin Luther, John Calvin, and Henry VIII all played a key role in the
attempts made to reclaim the Holy Land
establishment of parliamentary democracy in Britain
fall of the Ottoman Empire
end of religious unity in Europe
16
What is a major reason the Renaissance began in the Italian city-states?
The Mediterranean location of these city-states encouraged trade.
The Rhine River provided power to Italian industries.
The Alps isolated these city-states from the rest of Europe.
The favorable climate of Italy led to a reliance on agricultural products.
17
During the Renaissance, humanist philosophers emphasized the importance of
absolutism
religious salvation
technological advancements
individualism
18
In Spain, an effect of the Inquisition during the 16th century was to
encourage the development of the Industrial Revolution
implement the ideas of the Renaissance in major cities
prevent the introduction of Protestant religions
reintroduce Moorish culture to the Iberian Peninsula
19
A key feature of European Renaissance culture was
a way of thinking stressing humility and Christian faith
a shift in production from the domestic system to the factory system
a reliance on the Pope and his knights to maintain political stability
an outlook emphasizing classicism, secularism,and individualism
20
Which statement best expresses the philosophy of humanism?
People have potential and can improve themselves by learning.
God selects those to be saved.
A person’s life on Earth is merely preparation for the afterlife.
The pope expresses the ultimate word of God.
21
What is meant by Machiavelli’s belief that “the end justifies the means”?
The general public always acts in its own best interest.
Leaders may use any method to achieve what is best for the state.
Leaders must always act for the common good.
Pleasing all of the people at any given time is possible.
22
King Henry VIII ultimately had a male heir...
False
True
23
The Renaissance in western Europe was a period noted for
armed conflict over control of the Holy Land
the mass movement of peoples from urban to rural areas
the rise of feudalism in the Mediterranean region
a shift from a spiritual focus to a more humanistic one
24
Which statement about the Scientific Revolution in Europe is accurate?
The Bible was used to justify new scientific findings.
New ideas supported the geocentric theory of Ptolemy.
Scientists questioned traditional beliefs about the universe.
The existence of natural laws was rejected.
25
One way in which Martin Luther’s Ninety-five Theses and the creation of the Anglican Church are similar is that both
challenged the authority of the Catholic Church
helped to unify Christendom
caused the Thirty Years' War
emphasized the importance of the Bible
26
Which situation was a direct result of the Protestant Reformation in western Europe?
The religions of the people of Europe became more diverse.
Women assumed leadership in most Christian denominations.
European rulers established religious freedom for their subjects.
The Pope was removed as leader of the Catholic Church.
27
The influence of Greek and Roman culture on some Renaissance art is reflected in
challenges made to ancient religious ideals
a realistic portrayal of the human body
competition promoted between northern and southern European artists
the impact of William Shakespeare’s writing in southern Europe

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