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Literacy Specialist Study Guide
What is summative test?
What is evaluative comprehension?
Literacy Specialist Study Guide
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1
What is evaluative comprehension?
Understanding of vocabulary and grammar used in text
Process of analyzing, judging and forming opinions about content, purpose
Skill predicting what will happen next in a story
Ability to recall facts and details from text
2
What is summative test?
A test designed to measure individual learning stlyes
Final evaluation used to assess overall learning at the end of a unit
Test given during learning process to provide ongoing feedback
A practice test with no impact on the final grade
3
Reciprocal teaching model involves taking turns being the teacher and using predicting, questioning, and summarizing.
False
True
4
What is a mental model?
Strategy for memorizing vocabulary
Physical diagram the represents a scientific concept
Theory about how words are processed in the brain
Cognitive framework that helps people understand and interpret information
5
Outcome assessments measure the effectiveness of instruction by evaluating what students have learned at the end of unit
True
False
6
A holistic scoring rubric assesses student work based on overall impression rather than individual criteria.
False
True
7
SMART goal is a goal that is specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, time-bound.
True
False
8
What are the 4 stages of Ehri's reading development?
Pre-alphabetic, partial, full, and consolidated.
Decoding, fluency, comprehension, and mastery
Pre-reading, emergent, early reading, reading for comprehension
Phonemic, syllabic, morphologic, syntactic
9
Curriculum-based assessment measures a student's progress by using direct assessments aligned with curriculum.
False
True
10
Behaviorism focuses on observable behaviors that are shaped through positive and negative reinforcement.
False
True
11
Ehri's 4 stages of word reading development are pre-alphabetic, partial alphabetic, full alphabetic, and consolidated.
False
True
12
What is phoneme isolation?
Replacing the sound in a word with another to create a new word
removing a sound from a word
adding a new phoneme to existing word
identifying and recognizing individual sounds in a word
13
What are the levels of culturally responsive instruction strategies? (food, folklore, fun, and fashion)
Listening, speaking, reading, writing
Awareness, application, integration, transformation
Observation, practice, mastery, evaluation
Beginner, intermediate, advanced, expert
14
What is horizontal alignment in curriculum design?
Process of adapting curriculum for students with special needs
integration of technology into lesson plans
The consistency of curriculum, instruction, and assessment
Alignment of curriculum across different grade levels
15
What is phoneme identity?
Process of blending phonemes together to form a word
Ability to break a word into its individual components
Ability to recogize the same phoneme in different words
16
What is explicit teaching?
Technique that requires students to memorize information
A teaching approach where students discover concepts on their own
A strategy that relies solely on student-led practices
The teacher provides clear, structured instruction w/ modeling and practice
17
What is onset and rime?
The division of a word into beginning consonant and vowel letters
The study of how words change meaning based on pronunciation
Technique used to determine the number of syllables in a word
Method for identifying stressed and unstressed syllables
18
What is a homonym?
Word that has different sounds but same meaning
Word that sounds the same but has different meaning
Word that changes meaning depending on the context
Word that has the same spelling but different meaning
19
What is syllabication?
The act of emphasizing certain syllables in speech
The process of dividing words into syllables
The study of vowel sounds in a word
Method for identifying rhyming sounds
20
Which is NOT an benefit of bilingualism?
Cognitive flexibility
Enhanced metalinguistic awareness
Cross linguistic transfer
Successful professional development
21
What is a diphthong?
A combination of two vowel sounds withing the same syllable
A pair of consonants that blend together
A single vowel sound that remains constant
A silent letter in a word
22
What is phonics?
Method for teaching reading by associating sounds with letters
Process of memorizing sight words
The use of context clues to understand unfamiliar words
Study of word meanings and their orgins
23
What is Collaborative Strategic Reading (CSR)?
Strategy that focuses solely on indenepent silent reading
Technique where students memorize passages without discussing
Method that combines cooperative learning and reading comp. strategies
Strategy used only for teaching vocabulary, not comprehension
24
What is a homophone?
Word that sounds the same but has different meaning
Word that has the same spelling but different meaning
Word that changes its meaning depending on the context
Word that has different sounds but same meaning
25
What is double-entry journal?
Students record their reactions on one side and analyze them on the other.
A journal that requires students to write only about their feelings.
A notebook used for listing facts.
A tool for recording personal finances.
26
What is syntax?
Process of understand the meaning of text though context clues
Ability to recognize and decode printed words
Set of rules to govern the structure and order of words in sentences
Stude of word meanings and vocab. development
27
What is biliteracy development?
Ability to read and write in 2 languages focus on both reading and writing
Development of literacy skills in one language
The ability to speak 2 languages fluently, without reading or writing
Process of learning to read and write 2 languages, emphasis on oral skills
28
What is the Language Experience Approach?
Process where teachers teach grammar rules explicitly
Students personal experience used to create reading and writing activities
Focuses solely on vocabulary building
Method where students learn by mimicking native speakers
29
An analytic scoring rubric evaluates different aspects of a student's work separately, providing scores for criterion.
False
True
30
Which of the following is a part of the 3 cuing system in miscue analysis?
cognitive development
emotional and social learning cues
Syntactic, semantic, and graphophonic
Phonemic awareness
31
What is dyslexia?
Learning disability that affects ability to read, spell, and decode words
Temporary difficulty in reading that improves with age
Vision problem that causes difficulty seeing
Condition where individual struggles with speech production but not reading
32
What is the main focus of a product assessment?
measuring the final output of tangible result of student work
observing a student's ability to collaborate with peers
assessing student participation and effort during an activity
Evaluating the process a student folls to complete a task
33
Cognitivism focuses on how information is actively processed, stores, and retrieved in the mind no only behavior.
False
True
34
Evaluative questions require readers to make judgments based on evidence, personal experiences, and critical thinking.
True
False
35
What is Scarborough's Rope?
Explain relationship between word recognition and language comprehension
Type of language assessment tool for measuring fluency
Technique for teaching math through reading
Method for organizing classroom material to promote literacy
36
What is phoneme deletion?
removing a sound from a word
adding a new phoneme to existing word
Replacing the sound in a word with another to create a new word
blending individual sounds together to form a word
37
Phonemic awareness is the ability to recognize and manipulate individual sounds (phonemes) in spoken word.
False
True
38
What is the main characteristic of a performance assessment?
Graded solely based on participation
Measures memorization of facts and definitions
Focuses solely on multiple-choice questions and within test
Evaluates students ability to apply skills and knowledge in real world task
39
Reliability refers to consistency of a test, while validity refers to whether the test measures what it is intended to.
True
False
40
Norm referenced compares student performance, criterion-referenced measures performance against certain criteria.
True
False
41
What is orthographic?
punctuation of words in a language
Study of word meanings
Correct spelling and writing of words
Rules for sentence structure
42
What are stanine scores?
A percentile-based scoring system ranging from 0-100
A method of ranking test scores on a scale of 1-9
A grading system that uses letter grades
Type of raw score used in standardized tests
43
What is a mopheme?
Rule for pronunciation
Type of syllable found at the beginning of words
Smallest unit of meaning in a language
Word that cannot be broken down into smaller parts
44
What is authentic pedagogy?
Focuses only on standardized test
Emphasizes real-world applications, critical thinking, meaningful learning
Avoids student engagement and interaction
Students learn solely through rote memorization
45
Semi-phonetic stage is when children begin to understand that letters represent sounds, but they often use some letters.
True
False
46
What is social learning theory?
A theory that suggests learning occurs only through direct reinforcement
Emphasizes learning though observation, imitation, and modeling of others
States that learning happens solely through cognitive processes
Theory that focuses on only genetic and biological factor learning
47
What does standard deviation measure in a set of data?
Average value of data
Rage between highest and lowest values
Frequency of a particular value in the data set
Spread of dispersion of the data from the mean
48
What is the purpose of portfolio assessment?
Provide feedback solely on written exams
Compare students' grades to a set standard
Evaluate student performance on a single test
Collect and assess a range or student work over time
49
Paralanguage refers to the non-verbal elements of communication, such as tone, pitch, and speech rate.
False
True
50
What is the purpose of a character assessment?
To measure an individual's personality, values, and ethical behavior
To evaluate a person's knowledge and academic skills
To assess physical fitness and endurance
To determine proficiency in a specific technical skill
51
Internal consistency refers to the extent to which all items in a test of survey measure the same concept or construct.
False
True
52
What is validity?
relability
precision
accuracy
consistency
53
What is systematic teaching?
Random and unstructured appoach
Focuses on only memorization and without understand concepts
Teaching method that relies on student-led learning.
Follow planned, sequential, structured method to build knowledge and skills
54
Metalinguistic awareness is the ability to think about and analyze language as an object separate from its meaning.
True
False
55
Formative assessments are conducted during the learning process, summative is used to evaluate overall learning.
True
False
56
Denotative meaning is a a literal definition (dictionary) while connotative refers to emotions the word evokes.
True
False
57
What is constructivism?
Strategy that discourages collaboration and hand on activities
Method where the teacher directly provides all information w/o explanation
Learning approach that relies on memorization and repetition
Theory that emphasizes actively constructing knowledge through experience
58
What is semantics?
Strategy focused solely on decoding unfamiliar words.
The study of the meaning or words, phrases and sentences.
Study of how sounds and produced and perceived speech.
Method for teaching handwriting
59
What is alphabetic principle?
Understanding that letters and letter patterns represent sounds of language
Study of sentence structure and grammar rules
Ability to recognize whole words by sight without decoding
Method of teaching handwriting and letter formation
60
Prosody refers to the rhythm, stress, and intonation of spoken language that contribute to meaning and expressiveness.
True
False
61
Who was Marie Clay?
Psychologist known for her research on cognitive development
Educator who developed the Reading Recovery program and miscue analysis
Linguist who developed the theory of phonics instruction
Historian who studies language evolution
62
Guided writing, students write independently with support from teacher, shared, both teacher and student work together.
False
True
63
Expository text is written to inform, explain, or describe facts and ideas.
True
False
64
What is structural analysis?
Ability to recognize and recall words quickly
Method of analyzing themes and ideas in a text
Study of sentence structure and grammar rules
Process of breaking down words into meaningful parts such as prefix suffix
65
What is a grapheme?
Written representation of a phoneme
Unit of meaning in a word
Smallest unit of sound
Rule for syllable division
66
What is phoneme addition?
blending individual sounds together to form a word
adding a new phoneme to existing word
removing a sound from a word to form a shorter word
Replacing the sound in a word with another to create a new word
67
What is synthetic component?
Technique used exclusively for teaching handwriting
Method that teachers students to recognize whole words by sight
Approach that breaks words into phonemes and blends them together
Strategy that focuses on memorizing word meanings
68
Jigsaw activity involves working in small group with each group becoming an expert on different section then sharing.
False
True
69
What is relability?
precision
consistency
accuracy
validity
70
A diagnostic assessment is used to identify students strengths and weaknesses before instruction begins.
False
True
71
What is schema?
Mental framework that helps organize and interpret info.
Type of literacy device used in story telling
Technique for memorizing vocabulary
Method for teaching reading
72
Zone of proximal development is the rage of tasks a learner can perform w/ help of knowledgeable person but not alone
False
True
73
What is a raw score?
Average score of all test takers
Number of correct answer a person gives before adjustments
Highest score achieved on a test
Final score after adjusting for difficulty or bias
74
What is morphology?
Study of structure and formation of words, prefix, suffix, root words.
Student of sentence structure and grammar rules
Strategy for improving handwriting
Method of teaching reading that focuses on whole word recognition
75
SQ3R is a reading strategy that stands for survey, question, read, recite, and review designed to help reading comp
False
True
76
What are the 5 components of reading?
Spelling, handwriting, comprehension, writing, punctuation
Grammar, syntax, semantics, pragmatics, and fluency
Phonemic awareness, phonics, fluency, vocabulary, comprehension
Reading aloud, silent reading, speed reading, comprehension, retention
77
Which is NOT a part of directed reading-thinking activity (DRTA)
make predictions
confirm predictions
comprehend predictions
revise predictions
78
What is phoneme substitution?
removing a sound from a word to form a shorter word
breaking a word into its individual sounds
blending individual sounds together to form a word
Replacing the sound in a word with another to create a new word
79
What is phoneme categorization?
Replacing one phoneme with another to create a new word
Breaking individual sounds to forma new word
Identifying words that share the same beginning, middle, end sound
Breaking a word into its individual phonemes
80
Expressive language refers to ability to produce, use words, sentences, and gestures to communicate.
True
False
81
Phonological awareness includes recognizing and working with sounds at the word, syllable, and phoneme level.
False
True
82
What is standardized test?
Test that varies in format and scoring based on individual performance
A test that is only used for informal assessment
A test designed and scored in a consistent mannor for all test takers
Test that allows students to create their own questions and answers
83
Interactive writing involves teacher and students working together to compost a text.
False
True
84
A task-specific rubric can be used to assess multiple assignments while a general rubric is designed for one task.
False
True
85
What is vowel diagraph?
A single vowel that changes its sound
Combination of vowel and consonants that make 2 sounds
2 vowels that appear together to make a single sound.
2 vowels that always make separate sounds when pronounced
86
Phonemes are the smallest units of sound in a language that can change the meaning of a word.
True
False
87
Fluency refers to smooth expressive reading automaticity refers to ability to recognize words quickly and without effort
False
True
88
What is metacognitive/metacognition?
Teaching method that focuses only on role learning
Learning through trial and error without reflection
Thinking about one's own thinking process to improve learning
Ability to memorize large amounts of information quickly
89
Segmenting involves breaking a word into individual sounds while blending involves combining sounds to form.
False
True
90
An open syllable ends in a vowel, making the long vowel sound.
False
True
91
What is miscue analysis?
A test to measure the number of words read per min.
Strategy for improving vocabulary
Technique for tracking specific mistakes in writing
Method of evaluating student reading compression by analyzing errors
92
What is concept map?
multiple choice test used to assess understanding
Detailed written summary of a topic
a step-by-step guide for completing a task
Diagram that visually organizes relationships between ideas
