What does hyperechoic mean?

soft tissues reflect more sound waves than surrounding tissues, brighter

What is grade 2 of the laryngeal collapse?

medical displacement of the cuneiform processes

What are alginate dressings made of?

Woven products of calcium and sodium alginate

fever and proliferation of leukocytes

What are 2 properties that alginate dressing have that make them good to use?

haemostatic and absorbent properties

How will negative contrast affect image?

Provide negative contrast with soft tissues on finished image appear

What is acoustic impedance?

Speed through tissues varies according to consistency/density of tissue

What happens in primary haemorrage?

Occurs as imediate result of damage to blood vessels

What are foam dressings?

a perforforated non-adherant polyurethane film

What is a characteristic of superficial/partial thickness?

destruction of epidermis and upper dermis

How do you stabilise intracranial trauma?

minimise elevations in cerebral metabolic rate

What is a characteristic of superficial 1st and 2nd degree burns?

animal hyperaesthetic or allodynic

What do you increase the blood transfusion rate to ensure in the 4 hour window?

10-15ml/kg/hr or 1-2ml/kg/hour if has circulatory compromise

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VNSA 17

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Questions 93

Answers

1
What toxin is responsible for reducing cardiac contractability and output for burns?
calcium blocking toxin
cardiomyocyte depressent factor
myocardial depressent factor
potassium blocking toxin
2
What is a diffuse axonal injury?
penetrating/stretching
structural and function problems
a bruise
acceleration/deceleration
3
How many days post injury do you normally see secondary haemorrage?
3-10 days
3-7 days
3-6 days
3-5 days
4
What one is the universal recipient?
DEA 1.1 negative
DEA 1.1 positive
5
The triad of BOAS is: Stenotic nares, overlonmg soft palate and everted laryngeal ventricles/saccuoles
False
True
6
What does hyperechoic mean?
Just a few eachoes are reflected back to the transducer
Soft tissues reflect less than surrounding tissues will appear darker grey
areas same as surrounding tissues cannt distinguish
soft tissues reflect more sound waves than surrounding tissues, brighter
7
What type of dressings are perforated film dressings?
nonadherant polyeurethane film
dry, adherant dressing
dry, non adherant dressing
adherant polyeurethane film
8
What causes redness/swelling?
Fluid released in tissues
extravasation of leukocytes to site of injury
fever and proliferation of leukocytes
increased blood flow
9
What is grade 2 of the laryngeal collapse?
collapse of the corniculate process
medical displacement of the cuneiform processes
inversion of the ventricles
10
What structures are echogenic/echoic?
Bladder
fluid
bones and minerals
blood vessels
11
What are alginate dressings made of?
woven bits of calcium and magnesium
woven bits of brown seaweed and calcium
woven bits of brown seaweed and sodium
Woven products of calcium and sodium alginate
12
How much should a donor dog weigh?
20kg
30kg
15kg
25kg
13
What IS NOT something that impregnated gauzes can be impregnated with in addition to paraffin?
antiseptics
steroids
Antibiotics
antiinflammatories
14
What causes pain?
fever and proliferation of leukocytes
extravasation of leukocytes to site of injury
increased blood flow
Fluid released in tissues
15
What are 2 properties that alginate dressing have that make them good to use?
helps to dry up wound and promote granulation
keeps the wound moist to promote granulation and haemostatic
haemostatic and absorbent properties
16
What is an example of negative contrast?
water soluble iodine
Barium sulphate
Air
barium
17
What do you assess in the primary survery?
reassessment of initial treatment
ABC'n
detailed history taken
Full physical exam
18
How will negative contrast affect image?
Provide negative contrast with soft tissues on finished image appear
will make soft tissues appear brighter
will allow for air to be seen
19
What is acoustic impedance?
Speed through tissues varies according to consistency/density of tissue
loss of ultrasound energy at increasing tissue depths
20
What happens in primary haemorrage?
BP drops after intial haemorrage then rises to normal within 24 hours
Occurs as imediate result of damage to blood vessels
happyens when bacteria invade a wound and destroy a blood clot
difficult to detect, collapsed, signs of severe haemorrage
21
How many hours after initial injury will secondary haemorrage happen?
12 hours
8 hours
24 hours
6 hours
22
What is very important to check alongside DrsABC?
circulation
Airway
breathing
neuro - level of consciousness
23
How long will it be until you see partial burns progress to full thickness burns and the actual extent of the injury?
a week
a few hours
2 weeks
a few days
24
What two cat breeds have type A blood?
mainecoon/siamese
DSH, spyhnx
british short hair/dsh
25
What are foam dressings?
a perforforated non-adherant polyurethane film
A perforated adherant polyurethane film
A wet to dry dressing
an impregnated gauze
26
Water soluble iodine agents are generally hypotonic
False
True
27
Contrast media is used in positive contrast studies:
Have a low atomic number
have a high atomic number
show up black on xrays
are radiolucent
28
What is a characteristic of superficial/partial thickness?
erythema and epidermal injury
animal hyperaesthetic or allodynic when palpate lesion
dry, no blister formation
destruction of epidermis and upper dermis
29
What are alginate dressing derived from?
calcium
brown seaweed
salt
30
The radiation warning symbol is called a trefoil
False
True
31
Does foam dressings have a hydrophillic or hydrophobic core?
hydrophobic
Hydrophillic core
32
What is the expiry of packed red blood cells?
35 days
28 days
42 days
33
What kind of image does a linear array scanner produce?
rectangle shaped image
a pie wedge image
many images back to back
34
What percent will cardiac output fall within minutes of severe burns?
50-75%
10-15%
20-25%
25-50%
35
What is an example of non-ionic iodide?
conray
insoluble barium sulphate
air
Omnipaque
36
How do you stabilise intracranial trauma?
correct tissue perfusion deficits
minimise elevations in cerebral metabolic rate
optimise systemic oxgenation and ventilation
37
What atoms does MRI react with in the body so scanner detects this?
water
oxygen
carbon dixoide
hydrogen
38
What structure has medium acoustic impedence?
water
air
bone
39
When must a wet to dry dressing be changed?
12 hours
6-8 hours
24 hours
40
How many hours after temperature drop should parturition occur?
12 hours
immediatley
6-8 hours
24 hours
41
What are impregnated gauzes impregnated with?
silver
hydrocolloids
parafinn
potassium
42
What one is the universal donor?
dea 1.1 negative
Dea 1.1 positive
43
What IS NOT a common cause of seizures?
hypocalcaemia
uraemia
hypogylcaemia
urinary stones
44
A patient is having strong contractions but not producing, how many hours would this need to occur to consider dystocia?
2-4 hours
1 hour
1-2 hours
30 minutes
45
How will sonolucent appear on screen?
Muscle,liver, kidney, spleen that reflect less than surrounding tissues
fibrous tissue, fat that reflect more sound waves
appears dark on screen
46
What is the expiry of frozen plasma?
1 year
3 year
5 year
2 year
47
What is a characteristic of superficial 1st and 2nd degree burns?
animal hyperaesthetic or allodynic
Destruction of epidermis and upper dermis
renuded, blistered, exudate
very painful when palpated
48
When should blood products be given when removed from the fridge?
3 hours
6 hours
2 hours
4 hours
49
What kind of screen is used in fluorscopy?
uv screen
gamma ray detectors
fluorescent screen
50
What structure has high acoustic impedence?
Air
Bone
blood vessels
minerals
51
What do you increase the blood transfusion rate to ensure in the 4 hour window?
10-15ml/kg/hr or 1-2ml/kg/hour if has circulatory compromise
15-20ml/kg/hr or 2-3ml/kg/hour if has circulatory compromise
5-10ml/kg/hr or 2-3ml/kg/hour if has circulatory compromise
52
What is a contusion?
Penetrating/stretching/tearing
acceleration/deaceleration/shearing
bruise/mimcrohaemorrage
vascular damage - subdural/subarachnoid space/epidurla
53
What does echogenic/echoic mean?
most of sound waves transmitted into deeper tissues
Most of sound waves reflected back
some/none of sound waves transmitted back to transducer
54
What temperature do you store blood products at?
4 degrees
3 degrees
2 degrees
6 degrees
55
What does echolucent/anechoic mean?
most of sound waves transmitted into deeper tissues
Most of sound waves reflected back
56
Why can partial burns progress to full thickness?
skin releases retained heat slowly
the burn would be severe
skin keeps a hold of heat completely so it causes deep burns and remain hot
57
Genic means that produces limited amount of echoes
False
True
58
What is an example of a foam dressing?
primipore
lysostypt
silver dressings
alleyvn
59
How does a foam dressing maintain the ideal wound healing envrionment?
by creating a moist environment
having excellent absorptive properties
by promoting granulation
60
How do you medically stabilise extra cranial trauma?
minimise elevations in cerebral metabolic rate
optimise cerebral perfusion
correct tissue perfusion deficits
decrease intra cranial pressure
61
why are impregnated gauzes impregnated with paraffin?
help keep wound moist
help granulate faster
help promote natural healing process
help to remove and debride when removed
62
How will hyperechoic look on the screen?
fibrous tissue, fat reflect more sound waves than surrounding tissues
muscle, liver, kidney, spleen will reflect less than surrounding tissues
Appears dark on screen
63
What does sonolucent mean?
Soft tissues reflect less than surrounding tissues will appear darker grey
soft tissues reflect more sound waves than surrounding tissues, brighter
areas same as surrounding tissues cannt distinguish
Just a few eachoes are reflected back to the transducer
64
What happens in secondary haemorrage?
happyens when bacteria invade a wound and destroy a blood clot
Occurs as imediate result of damage to blood vessels
difficult to detect, collapsed, signs of severe haemorrage
BP drops after intial haemorrage then rises to normal within 24 hours
65
What happens in internal haemorrage?
Occurs as imediate result of damage to blood vessels
BP drops after intial haemorrage then rises to normal within 24 hours
happyens when bacteria invade a wound and destroy a blood clot
difficult to detect, collapsed, signs of severe haemorrage
66
Who appoints the radiation protection supervisor?
practice supervisor
practice principle
clinical director
67
What kind of crystals are in the probe of an ultrasound scanner?
phosphorus crystals
peizoelectric crystals
magnesium crystals
68
What is the MPD over 12 months?
15msv
10msv
20msv
25msv
69
What causes heat in inflammation?
increased blood flow
fever and proliferation of leukocytes
extravasation of leukocytes to site of injury
Fluid released in tissues
70
What is volvulus?
Pylorus and duodenum migrate ventrally and cranially
stomach rorates 90-360 degrees around distal oesophagus, poss spleen to
71
What is the normal tracheal diameter
10%
15%
20%
72
What structure has low acoustic impedence?
minerals
water
Bone
Air
73
What is the blood transfusion rate?
0.5ml-1ml/kg/hr for 15-30 minutes
1.5ml-2ml/kg/hr for 30 minutes
1ml -1.5ml/kg/hr for 15-30 minutes
74
What causes tenderness?
increased blood flow
fever and proliferation of leukocytes
extravasation of leukocytes to site of injury
Fluid released in tissues
75
What is an example of ionic iodide?
air
Omnipaque
insoluble barium sulphate
conray
76
What kind of image does a mechanical sector scanner produce?
a comparison image
many images
a darker image
pie wedge image
77
Which of the following settings would result in the denset image
300mA for 0.1sec
30mA for 1 sec
15mA for 3 sec
60mA for 0.5sec
78
What temperature should the freezer be to store plasma?
14 degrees
10 degrees
12 degrees
18 degrees
79
What is systemic inflammatory response syndrome?
inflammatory mediators from initial site of injury/insult start to circulat
white blood cells are activated
inflammatory mediators head to injury site for healing
80
what blood transfusion rate would you use if the patient has severe/acute haemorrage?
Red cell products @50ml/kg/hour
90ml/kg/hour
70ml/kg/hour
60ml/kg/hour
81
What happens in reactionary haemorrage?
Occurs as imediate result of damage to blood vessels
BP drops after intial haemorrage then rises to normal within 24 hours
happyens when bacteria invade a wound and destroy a blood clot
difficult to detect, collapsed, signs of severe haemorrage
82
How will hypoechoic look on the screen?
muscle, liver, kidney, spleen will reflect less than surrounding tissues
Appears dark on screen
fibrous tissue, fat reflect more sound waves than surrounding tissues
83
What is the expiry of stored whole blood?
30 days
28 days
18 days
21 days
84
What is the purpose of a wet to dry dressing?
Promotes granulation
creates a moist environment for healing
debrides wound on removal and sucks bacteria out
helping to keep everything in the dressing
85
What do alginate dressings form when they react with wound fluid?
a paste
it dries up
a gel
a solid
86
What does hypoechoic mean?
areas same as surrounding tissues cannt distinguish
Just a few eachoes are reflected back to the transducer
soft tissues reflect more sound waves than surrounding tissues, brighter
Soft tissues reflect less than surrounding tissues will appear darker grey
87
How will sonolucent appear on screen?
fibrous tissue, fat that reflect more sound waves
Muscle,liver, kidney, spleen that reflect less than surrounding tissues
appears dark on screen
88
Which donor cat is most common and can donate to both others?
AB
A
B
89
What is a normal CVP range?
10-15cm h20
10-20cm h20
5-10cm h20
0-10cmh20
90
what is the expiry of cryoprecipitate and fresh frozen plasma?
12 months
6 months
9 months
3 months
91
What two wounds would hydrocolloids be used on?
moderately exudating wounds and granulating wounds
heavy exudating wounds and no granulation tissue yet
wounds that are dry and crusty
wounds that are infected
92
What is Conray NOT used for?
imaging the arteries
myelography
imaging the joints
93
What is beam attenuation?
loss of ultrasound energy at increasing tissue depths
how bright the image is being produced
How far the sound waves travel through the patient

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