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HIST 1301 F23 Final review Flashcards | StudBud
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HIST 1301 F23 Final review
HIST 1301 F23 Final review
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history of science and technology
Flashcards
90 cards
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Questions
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Answers
1
The Almagest,an ancient work that influenced Renaissance astronomer Copernicus, was written by:
Galen
Aristotle
Pythagoras
Ptolemy
2
According to Aristotle's system of biology what type of soul did humans, plants and animals all share in common?
Rational
Creative
Nutritive
Sensitive
3
According to Aristotle's theory of Levity fire will always ____
Move away from the centre of the universe
Move toward the centre of the universe
Move toward the sun
4
What was the most pressing question for philosophers of the 6th century BCE?
Is change possible?
Are there gods?
How does the earth move?
What am I?
5
What is Mercantilism?
An economic practice where a country's economy increases its power
A parliamentary monarchy
An economy based on manufacturing
When merchants govern a country
6
Why did people switch from wool to cotton during the Industrial Revolution?
It required less care
All of these
It became fashionable
It was cheaper
7
Who noticed the similarities between tongue stones and shark's teeth?
William Smith
Charles Lyell
Nicholas Steno
Robert Boyle
8
When we talk about the Presocratics, we are referring to a period that stretched from
400-600 CE
3000 BCE - 400 CE
400 BCE - 146 CE
600-400 BCE
9
Which Western civilization had the most advanced sanitation before the 19th century?
Byzantine
England
Rome
Greece
10
d'Alembert:
The goal of science should be to reduce things to ______ & thereby understand them.
innate structures
mechanical properties
fundamental natures
basic features
11
When society provides for individuals who then contribute with special skills, it is called:
Specialization
Apprenticeship training
Diversification
Education
12
What water technology did the early Islamic Empire adopt and improve to improve agriculture?
Aqueducts
Qanats
Noria
Canals
13
Using Arkwright's machine you could process 100lbs of cotton in:
300 hours
1 hour
10 hours
50,000 hours
14
Bacon believed that lack of progress was due to ....
lack of knowledge
lack of skill
lack of imagination
lack of application
15
Why did European Alchemists refer to Aristotle's
Meteorology
?
They believed Aristotle was the greatest alchemist
It had recipes to transmute metals into greater metals
Aristotle proposed how metal formed naturally and they wanted to copy
It promised gold and glory
16
The legacy of Thales of Miletus and his followers (Milesians) is the belief that:
Our world is governed by universal laws
Neither of these answers
We can understand the laws & therefore understand our world
Both of these answers
17
[⋆⋆] Pythagoras was a Greek philosopher.
True
False
18
Who explained how electricity works (with + and - charges) by comparing it to an economy?
Franklin
Galvani
Volta
Newton
19
This French thinker tried to replace Aristotelianism with his own system.
Voltaire
Francois Poulain
Rene Descartes
Andreas Vesalius
20
A Cosmogony seeks to
Explain the basic laws of physics
Explain the origins of the universe
Understand how the universe works
Pass on history
21
Writers and thinkers who advanced Enlightenment ideals were called
Philosophes
Newtonians
Natural Philosophers
Encyclopedists
22
Which if these would NOT be considered one of Aristotle's "bloodless" animals?
dragonfly
sea anemone
crab
shark
23
German alchemist Henning Brand used human urine to discover phosphorus. Why did he start with urine?
It came from a living human body.
He was trying to isolate ammonia.
It was a warm.
They knew the power of urea.
24
Aristotle believed the Sphere of the Cosmos to be divided into the ________ realms
Celestial and Terrestrial
Wet and Dry
Starry and Earthy
Earth and Air
25
Why did many of the early natural philosophers assume that the earth was a sphere?
Centrifugal force
They observed other planets and knew earth was the same
The sphere was a divine shape
Priests told them it was
26
Cultural movement that responded against the percieved Enlightenment mechanization of world:
Newtonism
Renaissance
Romanticism
Nostalgia
27
Which Presocratic asserted that everything was made of atoms with voids in between?
Democritus
Thales
Aristotle
Empedocles
28
The Aristotelian Universe was:
heliocentric
geocentric
heliostatic
29
What is 'enclosure'?
Animals were enclosed by fences
Prison was reformed
Common agricultural and grazing lands became private
The government voted to make all land public
30
When did the Industrial Revolution begin?
16th century
18th century
19th century
17th century
31
What is one of the reasons that an industrial revolution did not occur in Ancient Rome?
Slave labour made labour-saving innovation unnecessary.
They lacked the knowledge of mathematics that the Greeks had
They believed that machines were dangerous and irreligious
They didn't understand practical skills like metalurgy
32
In Greek architecture the stone that bridges the top of the columns is called a(n):
beam
Ceiling
Lintel
Arch
33
What building was assembled from pre-made steel rods and glass for the Great Exhibition of 1851?
The Dinosaur Palace
The Exhibition Palace
The Crystal Palace
Prince Albert's Greenhouse
34
Who developed the science of stratigraphy?
William Smith
Charles Lyell
William Paley
Nicholas Steno
35
Greek influence is evident in the ________ structure of the Roman Pantheon.
Spherical
Marble
Dodecahedron
Arched
36
What does Renaissance mean?
Renewal
Rebirth
LIfe
Death
37
The Islamic Empire imported paper making technology from this Empire
Ottoman
Greek
Chinese
Roman
38
One of the ways that the English (and later British) Parliament encouraged innovation was through the _____ of 1624.
Abolishment of Monopolies Act
British Patent Act
English Statute of Monopolies
Profit by Patent Act
39
The Coal and Colonies theory is an explanation of why the Industrial Revolution began in _____.
France
Australia
America
England
40
William Perkin, the father of Industrial Chemistry, discovered mauve while trying to make:
alanine
quinine
none of these
cinchona
41
Who concluded that the tusks and teeth found in Siberia were not from elephants but a related animal?
Buffon
Steno
Cuvier
Lyell
42
What was the study of nature called before people started to use the term "science"?
Cosmology
Natural Philosophy
Nature study
Scientia
43
_____ didn't believe that the earth's cycles could result in permanent extinction
Lamark
Paley
Lyell
Owen
44
19. Aristotle believed that you could trust your senses?
Meh, sometimes
Yes, totally!
No, never!
45
Steam power became available to British factories after what year?
1665
1833
1813
1785
46
What does viviparous mean?
Born from eggs
Born live
living
non-living
47
Fully Alphabetic Languages were developed by _____ and widely in use by ______
100 BCE & 200 CE
3000 BCE & 2000BCE
800 BCE & 500 BCE
1500 BCE & 800 BCE
48
This famous silver smith is credited with inventing movable type in the Western world
Rene Descartes
Martin Luther
Johanes Gutenberg
Isaac Newton
49
Hippocratic Medicine adopted the system of contraries developed by
Aristotle
Plato
Empedocles
Heraclitus
50
When did the Italian Renaissance begin?
15th century
17th century
16th century
14th century
51
The Agricultural Revolution in Medieval Europe resulted in:
A heavy reliance on manual labour
Widespread unemployment and starvation
The end of small farms and farming
A move to mechanical rather than animal/human power
52
Who developed the theory of the archetype (in biology/science)?
Owen
Paley
Goethe
Darwin
53
Theory that the causes of geological phenomenon are uniform throughout time
Cyclism
Uniformalism
Directionalism
Catastrophism
54
Plato's Cosmos was the product of...
The Big Bang
The will of the gods
Reason and planning
Random combinations of atoms
55
Aristotle believed the Sphere of the Cosmos to be divided into the ________ realms
Starry and Earthy
Celestial and Terrestrial
Wet and Dry
Earth and Air
56
Who developed the theory of the archetype (in biology/science)?
Paley
Goethe
Darwin
Owen
57
Which of the following cannot be transmuted into the others?
Water
Air
Earth
Fire
58
According to Aristotle which classification of animal belonged highest on the hierarchy?
crustacea
viviparous quadrupeds
oviparous quadrupeds
testacea
59
If you attended a medieval university you would study
Whatever you were most interested in
Only what the church approved
Business
The seven liberal arts
60
Hutton argued that the story of the earth was cyclical and had a purpose, it was:
a mystery
to confuse geologists
to make the earth habitable
to demonstrate God's power
61
What material did the Romans invent by adding aggregates to cement?
Arches
Concrete
Cement
Plaster
62
Among the Platonic Solids the Tetrahedron represented ________
Fire
Air
Water
Love
63
Early manufactories (factories) had to be located near what?
train tracks
mines
towns
water
64
The legacy of Thales of Miletus and his followers (Milesians) is the belief that:
Neither of these answers
Our world is governed by universal laws
Both of these answers
We can understand the laws & therefore understand our world
65
This frontispiece to Spratt's History of the Royal Society depicts Brouckner, Charles II and:
Robert Boyle
Isaac Newton
Robert Hooke
Francis Bacon
66
Who were the Nestorians?
Islamic scholars who worked at the House of Wisdom
Rich land owners who founded an Academy
Christian monks who specialized in scribing and translation
Heretics who studied Plato and Aristotle
67
This explorer and natural philosopher believed that you had to "be there".
Owen
Darwin
Goethe
von Humboldt
68
What 'revolution' did literacy accompany?
Scientific
Neolithic
Industrial
Agricultural
69
Why were the first steam engines developed (in England and Wales)?
To harvest crops
To power factories
To power trains
To access coal from mines
70
What was the purpose to the elevation of Roman roads?
So that soldiers could see far and avoid ambush
Architects believed height brought them closer to the gods
To keep them free from animals
So people could not get on them without paying a toll
71
Which of these is not an example of neolithic pyro-technology?
brick
plaster
pottery
metalurgy
72
Who wrote
Elements of Chemistry
and together with his wife identified 33 of the elements?
Franklin
Priestly
Lavoisier
Black
73
Which of the following was NOT an important prerequisite for scientific thinking?
Literacy
Prosperity
Contact with other cultures
Democracy
74
Who founded the Academy in Athens in 388?
Aristotle
Plato
Socrates
Empedocles
75
Who noticed that plants an animals vary based on climate and altitude?
Lyell
Smith
Newton
von Humboldt
76
__________ proposed that the world was separated into fire, air, earth, water, love & strif
Empedocles
Anaximander
Leucippus
Thales
77
Between 1813 and 1833 the number of power looms in Britain climbed from 2,400 to
1,000,000
5,000
100,000
25,000
78
What did Stephen Grey's experiment with the orphan boy demonstrate?
Materials act as insulators and conductors of electricity.
That ethics boards were not yet established.
That static was electricity.
That anyone could make scientific discoveries.
79
Which of these is
not
a common characteristic of a profession?
Recognized authority
Specialized skills and training
Government control
Self-governing
80
Did Plato believe that you could trust your senses?
No
Yes
Only some of them
81
The wooden cranes and pulleys used by the Romans to build the Colosseum eliminated slave labour
false
true
82
What was the most pressing question for philosophers of the 6th century BCE?
Are there gods?
Is change possible?
How does the earth move?
What am I?
83
Ancient _______ was the world's first widely literate society and is credited with being the birthplace of Science.
Mesopotamia
Rome
Greece
Egypt
84
When did the Neolithic Revolution occur?
800 CE
5,000 - 6,000 years ago
12 000-10,000 years ago
600 BCE
85
What were the Presocratic 'Schools of Thought'?
Groups of scholars who published their work together in collected works.
Physical Buildings that scholars studied in.
Groups of students and teachers who thought about the same problems.
86
Goethe believed that there each plant had an
Urplflanze,
what was it?
The leaves
The seed
Its fundamental form
It's ability to produce other plants
87
Aristotle proposed five elements: earth, air, water, fire, and __________
Divine
Firmament
Quintessence
Aether
88
According to Aristotle's theory of Levity a book sitting on a desk is subject to forced motion.
False
True
89
By _____C.E. all
extant
Greek work on medicine, science, and math were translated into Arabic.
500
723
125
1000
90
Galileo's drawings of the moon were revolutionary because:
he moon was bigger than previously thought
It demonstrated the perfection of the cosmos
The moon was not a perfect sphere
There was a face on the moon
