uses waste heat to produce electricity

Sustainable forest use encourages

cut groups of different age and size trees in forests

What are photovoltaics ?

converts solar energy into electrical energy

The MOST serious drawback to using chemicals to control pests is

the development of genetic resistance.

Increased human development can increase surface runoff, this leads to

increased erosion in riparian zones

According to biodiversity researchers, the greatest threat to wild species is

habitat loss, degradation, and fragmentation

Why do invasive species thrive in their new environment?

they out-compete native species

Land Reclamation after mining

aims to improve the water, land, air and habitats

Which of the following is NOT characteristic of organic farming?

genetic modification (transgenic organisms)

What caused the disaster of the Aral Sea?

Depletion of water for agriculture and increased salinity

What is Rachel Carson responsible for?

Made a warning that led to the strict controls of DDT pesticide

Decomposers are essential to life on Earth because they

recycle nutrients essential for plant growth

Is produced from the heat within the earth

using less energy to do the same amount of work

How can we remediate salinization?

add large amounts of water to dilute salts

Which is true of the Ogallala Aquifer?

In the US central plains and is being depleted by agriculture

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APES Units 1-5 Review + APES Unit 6 Energy Resources and Conservation Review

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Questions 137

Answers

1
Cogeneration
involves heat pumps that can generate heating and cooling
involves both electricity and natural gas
uses waste heat to produce electricity
combines passive solar and active solar technologies
2
Sustainable forest use encourages
cut only large trees
cut all the same ages of trees
cut only the medium trees
cut groups of different age and size trees in forests
3
What are photovoltaics ?
used mostly in Iceland
More commonly used in less developed countries
converts solar energy into electrical energy
converts solar energy into thermal energy
4
This horizon contains topsoil, humus mixed with mineral components
B
O
A
E
5
Fracking is most likely to cause which of the following environmental problems?
groundwater recharge
more CO2, SOx, and NOx emissions
all of these
groundwater contamination
6
The MOST serious drawback to using chemicals to control pests is
magnification in the food chain.
their expense.
the development of genetic resistance.
the killing of other forms of life.
7
Increased human development can increase surface runoff, this leads to
decreased flooding
all of these
increased aquifer recharge
increased erosion in riparian zones
8
Which is a correct agricultural practice with its environmental consequence?
Rice paddies release methane
Cover crops leads to wind erosion
No-till leads to nutrient loss
Organic farming leads to bioaccumulation of toxins
9
According to biodiversity researchers, the greatest threat to wild species is
higher temperatures and melting sea ice
habitat loss, degradation, and fragmentation
pollutants and pesticides
the introduction of nonnative species
10
Renewable energy as a result of the gravitational pull of the moon:
microhyrodropower
hydroelectric powerplant
wave energy
tidal energy
11
Erosion can be caused by overgrazing and deforestation.
True
False
12
Which method reduces erosion AND increases fertility
shelterbelting
Contour farming
Strip/Intercropping
terracing
13
Primary succession is shown below.
False
True
14
Which irrigation method is the most water efficient?
drip irrigation
sprinkler irrigation
furrow irrigation
flood irrigation
15
Why do invasive species thrive in their new environment?
they out-compete native species
they are specialist species
they are k-selected species
they are not adapted to the new environment
16
In this stage of the demographic transition, births declines due to opportunities for women
Transitional stage
Industrial stage
Pre-industrial stage
Post-industrial stage
17
Which region exports the most crude oil?
Asia
Middle East
North America
Europe
18
The most abundant gas in the atmosphere is
carbon dioxide
water vapor
nitrogen
oxygen
19
Renewable energy based on teh greenhouse effect:
concentrated solar power
active solar heating
passive solar heating
PV cells
20
40% sand, 10% silt, 50% clay
clay
silt loam
sandy loam
loam
21
A 1,000ft² home uses 80,000BTUs/ft² to heat it. 1ft³ = 1,000BTUs. How many ft³ are used?
80 ft3
80,000,000 ft3
80,000 ft3
8,000 ft3
22
In an experiment, the variable that is measured is the
independent variable
control group
control variable
dependent variable
23
What is the function of the structure labeled B?
supply cooling water to the condenser
control the fission process
generate steam
produce electricity
24
Using the graph, which protein resource is LEAST energy efficient?
beef
pork
lab
chicken
25
A population was 1,000,000 and now is 600,000. What is the percent decrease?
160%
30%
40%
60%
26
Land Reclamation after mining
aims to improve the water, land, air and habitats
aims to improve only land
aims to only improve only water
aims to improve only air
27
Which of the following is NOT characteristic of organic farming?
genetic modification (transgenic organisms)
Using pheromones to disrupt insect mating cycles
crop rotation
manure fertilizer
28
What caused the disaster of the Aral Sea?
Depletion of water for agriculture and increased salinity
Large cities have depleted the water for industry
Flooding has increased due to the construction of new dams
Melting of glaciers has raised the sea level a
29
What is Rachel Carson responsible for?
The first chemist to develop biopesticides
Improved first generation biopesticides
Made a warning that led to the strict controls of DDT pesticide
Create FIFRA
30
Decomposers are essential to life on Earth because they
recycle nutrients essential for plant growth
increase the carbon dioxide level
prevent a large number of predators
decrease the number of hours of sunlight
31
According to the 2nd law of thermodynamics, it is most energy efficient to farm
chicken
catfish
soybeans
cows
32
A radioactive rock has a half-life of 10 yrs and an activity of 100. How many years will it take to be 12.5?
40
20
10
30
33
Which of the following is the best example of graywater?
Used bath water
Runoff from washing your car
Water run down the drain while the garbage disposal runs
Toilet water
34
Geothermal Energy
is produced from the heating of the earth's surface
is produced by lava flows
Is produced from the heat within the earth
is a result of the coriolis effect
35
A family of 4 each showers for 5 min./day. Their shower flows at 10 gallon/min. How many gallons do they use in 30 days?
1500
6000
2700
200
36
The main energy resource in the world is
natural gas
uranium
coal
petroleum
37
Which is a disadvantage of mining?
habitat destruction
large amounts of solid waste
all are correct
subsidence
38
What percent of water is used in agriculture?
20
10
100
70
39
Most biologically diverse; near the equator; lush vegetation; high temperature and rainfall
Tropical rainforest
Chaparral
Temperate grassland
Temperate deciduous forest
40
Energy efficiency
is the energy that is consumed by a device as it performs work
is the energy that is lost as waste heat to the environment
is the money that can be saved by using less energy
using less energy to do the same amount of work
41
How can we remediate salinization?
add large amounts of water to dilute salts
adopt no-till farming methods
all of these
increase the use of synthetic pesticides on crops
42
Major problems associated with the use of the Colorado River's water include:
The river gets most of its water from mountain snow melt
Mexico and US take more water than is in the river
The River basin is some of the driest areas in the US
All of the above
43
Large-scale renewable energy the uses the kinetic energy of water:
microhyrodropower
hydroelectric powerplant
tidal energy
wave energy
44
You plant corn next to nitrogen restoring green beans
Contour farming
terracing
shelterbelting
intercropping
45
Method to prevent erosion on steep slopes
terracing
Intercropping
shelterbelting
Contour farming
46
Plants get 100 units of energy, __ units support herbivores, and __ units support carnivores
1,000; 10,000
100; 10
10; 1
10,000; 1,000
47
The advantages of pesticides include all of the following EXCEPT
Increasing profits of farmers
Decreasing crop yields
Controlling the spread of disease
Increasing food supplies by reducing food loss
48
Substances derived from petroleum are all the following except
synthetic pesticides
cotton sheets
Nylon Rope
asphalt
49
Renewable energy that concentrates heat from the sun to make electricity:
PV cells
concentrated solar power
passive solar heating
active solar heating
50
Which is true of the Ogallala Aquifer?
Supplies reservoir water in China
The water has been diverted for irrigation in Central Asia.
In the US central plains and is being depleted by agriculture
In the African Serengeti, supplies millions with freshwater
51
Habitat or wildlife corridors
connect fragmented habitats to enable movement/breeding
increase genetic diversity in fragmented populations
all of these
increases gene flow in small fragmented populations
52
Crude oil can be refined into many substances due to different
boiling points
solubilities
determining sulfur content
densities
53
Which location makes the most sense for a geothermal power plant?
Arid deserts
Powerful river
Windy area
Volcanically active area
54
An advantage of solar energy for high-temperature heat & electricity is:
High water use for cooling
The necessity of a backup or storage system on cloudy days
No direct emissions of CO2 or other air pollutants
Low net energy & high costs
55
When a forest is clear cut
Wildlife will flourish
Runoff will decrease
Topsoil depth will increase
Nutrients will decrease
56
What can be done to reduce stormwater runoff?
plant rain gardens along roadways
all of these
install permeable pavement
use rain barrels to colect rainwater
57
Freshwater can be used more sustainably by all of the following EXCEPT
Lowering water prices
Slowing population growth
Cutting water waste
Protecting aquifers and ecosystems that store freshwater
58
Which of these is NOT a benefit of genetically modified food crops?
Disease resistance
GM increases genetic diversity
Pest resistance
Extra minerals can be added to increase nutritional value
59
Which island will have higher species richness?
large and close to mainland
large and far away to mainland
small and far away to mainland
small and close to mainland
60
Thermal pollution
is not regulated in the U.S.
is rarely lethal
has been reduced by the use of cooling towers in nuclear power plants
Is primarily a problem in the winter
61
Which is true of generalists and specialists?
Specialists thrive in a variety of environmental conditions
Generalists use large range of resources, specialists have a limited range
Generalists are often herbivores, specialists are often omnivores
Generalists are more prone to extinction than specialists
62
What does Genetic Diversity increase
the chances that some species will survive during environmental change
The chance that a species will evolve
That chance that a species will be unable to pass genetic information
The chance that a species will migrate
63
Renewable energy that converts light to electricity:
active solar heating
PV cells
passive solar heating
concentrated solar power
64
The image is showing what phenomenon
Convection current
El Nino
La Nina
Coriolis effect
65
Which is NOT a benefit of Hydroelectic power?
Dont release air pollutants that cause acid rain
Inexpensive to operate.
change rivers flow which has negative consequences future
last longer than fossil fuel plants
66
Which is true of Type III survivorship?
Reaches reproductive maturity after many years
Provides constant parental care to its offspring
Fairly constant mortality rate over time
Produces large numbers of offspring
67
All of the following lowered death rates worldwide EXCEPT:
medicine
sanitation
poverty
nutrition
68
Petroleum is used mainly in the US for:
Heat and Electrciity
All answers
Transportation
Manufacturing
69
Virtual water is
water credits that water scarce countries can purchase
water used to produce food and other products
Water used for bathing and for washing clothes
water reused from wastewater treatment
70
CBR is 18 and CDR is 12. What was the annual growth rate of the population?
0.6%
30%
6%
0.006%
71
What factor would lower fertility rates?
Decreased education in women
Discourage family planning
Increased job opportunities for women
Decrease in government policies
72
You use 4 light bulbs that are 60W each for 3 hrs a day, how many kWh of electricity are consumed in 1 yr?
700
5000
1000
263
73
Incadescent bulb has an energy efficiency rating of 2%, then for every 1 joule consumed, how many joules are produced
.2 J
2.0 J
1.02 J
.02 J
74
Which of the following is the best example of the tragedy of the commons?
The overharvesting of fish from privately owned lakes
The use of invasive species as a biological control
Water pollution from oil rigs concentrated in the Gulf of Mexico
Exponential population growth as a country goes through the dem. transition
75
Name that renewable energy:
passive solar heating
concentrated solar power
active solar heating
PV cells
76
What is causing the collapse of ocean fisheries?
taking too many young fish
lack of regulations worldwide
exceeding maximum sustainable yield
all of these
77
During an El Niño event, which best describes conditions in the W. Pacific?
High sea surface temperature; Low rainfall
Low sea surface temperature; Low rainfall
Low sea surface temperature; High rainfall
High sea surface temperature; High rainfall
78
True cost pricing of utilities does not include
socioeconomic costs
human health costs
all of these
environmental costs
79
Which of the following is an advantage of no-till agriculture
The undisturbed soil erodes less
The crop residue reduces the soil profile
Migratory bird populations are reduced
Using herbicides to stabilize the soil
80
Which of the following would be the least beneficial in trying to reduce insect damage?
rotating crops
planting monocultures
biological control
intercropping
81
An advantage of using natural gas, rather than oil, as a fuel is that natural gas is
it does not release CO2 when burned
cleaner because it burns more efficiently
more abundant because it is a by-product of photosynthesis
safer to store because it is a gas
82
Problems with feedlots include all of the following EXCEPT
Reduced overgrazing
Lots of animal wastes that can contaminate land and water
Use of antibiotics can increase genetic resistance in humans
Large outputs of methane gas
83
Which form of renewable energy does not rely on the spinning of a large turbine?
Photovoltaic cells
Geothermal
Wind
Hydrokinetic
84
Which country has the most coal?
Russia
United States
China
Australia
85
Which best describes acid mine damage?
The leakage of acidic toxic water from mines
Reclamation of mines by removing excess water
Increased water pollution from acid rain
The use of acids to leach minerals from rocks
86
Burning coal releases
mercury
all of these
sulfur dioxide
carbon dioxide
87
To reduce the use of fossil fuels, the government can
Phase-out annual subsidies & tax breaks for fossil fuels
Subsidize fossil fuel & nuclear power industries
Emphasize electricity consumption
Keep prices of fossil fuels artificially low
88
What can be done to prevent overgrazing?
rotational grazing
All of these
Controlling the number of grazing animals
CAFOs
89
A pop. of 1,000 has 50 births, 10 deaths, 50 immigrants and 20 emigrants, what is the % growth?
0.07%
7%
70%
0.7%
90
How do nuclear power plants produce energy?
hydraulic fracturing
fusion
combustion
fission
91
Aquifer depletion can lead to
Sinkholes
All of the above
Saltwater intrusion
Subsidence
92
Which side receives very little rainfall as a result of the rain shadow effect?
coastal
windward
all of these
leeward
93
The population shown below is
stable
increasing rapidly
increasing slowly
decreasing
94
What are the 3 most populated countries?
India, Indonesia, Mexico
China, Australia, United States
Mexico, China, India
China, India, United States
95
If a country is growing at a rate of 1.0%, how long will it take for the pop. to double?
700 years
70 years
7 years
7000 years
96
3 major sources of nutrients and calories in human population
oats, soybean and poultry
potatoes, fish and barley
corn, wheat and rice
wheat, beef and potatoes
97
Why is most freshwater unavailable for human use?
Frozen in glaciers
Stuck in the soil
Protected by federal laws
Stuck in the atmosphere
98
Which type of growth curve is shown?
logistic
cyclic
exponential
all of these
99
Which feedback loop is shown?
a harmful negative feedback loop
a harmful positive feedback loop
a beneficial positive feedback loop
a beneficial negative feedback loop
100
A treaty controlling the international trade in endangered species
Convention on Biological Diversity
Lacey Act
Endangered Species Act
Convention on the International Trade of Endangered Species
101
Increased soil erosion may be caused by all of the following EXCEPT
clear-cutting forests
construction of roads
construction of buildings
construction of shelterbelts
102
What is the major reservoir of nitrogen?
oceans
atmosphere
rock
living things
103
What is the approximate half-life of the radioactive element shown in graph A?
5 min
10 min
3 min
7.5 min
104
A problem associated with biological control is
it is very costly
all of these
the chemical kills all life
the predator becomes a pest
105
Why should we try to prevent forest fires?
trees are an important source of carbon monoxide
Fires increases methane
Fires release larges amounts of CO2 emissions
Forest fires reduce flooding
106
Plate boundary in which two plates move away from each other
convergent
all of these
divergent
transform
107
Renewable energy mainly used in developing countries
biomass
hydrogen fuel cells
hydropower
geothermal
108
Why is it impossible for nuclear energy to completely replace oil and gas in the future?
Nuclear waste contributes to climate change more than other fuels
Nuclear power is unacceptable to the public
There is only enough uranium to last for 15 years.
Nuclear power can only supply electricity
109
Which is an ecological service of forest ecosystems?
moderate microclimates
habitats for native species
all of these
air and water purification
110
You use 2,000kWh of electricity this month at a rate of $0.12 per kWh. How much is your monthly bill?
$240.00
$87,600.00
$16,667.00
$200.00
111
What was the significance of the Green Revolution?
Lower crop yields to focus on soil health
Increase use of sustainable farming practices
Only grow crops organically
Increase food with resources that produce more yields
112
The process by which organisms become adapted to their particular environment
adaptation
succession
mutation
natural selection
113
A hybrid vehicle has...
Single rechargeable electric engine
Second & more powerful battery that can be recharged
New diesel engine with low emissions of nitrogen dioxides
Small gas-powered engine & a battery-powered electric motor
114
Which best describes the greenhouse effect?
Overheating of the Earth due to greenhouse gases
Trapping of solar heat by atmospheric gases
Escape of solar heat into space from Earth's atmosphere
Trapping of atmospheric gases by the heat of the sun
115
Which of these is an example of good use of passive solar heating in a home?
Owning a greenhouse.
Installing large windows on all walls of a house
Installing large windows on south facing walls of a house
Installing smaller windows to reduce energy loss
116
How a hybrid engine work?
Braking charges the battery to run the electric motor or uses gasoline
The battery is charged with gasoline
The battery is charged every night to run the electric motor
gas is only used
117
In an experiment, the variable that is manipulated is the
control group
control variable
dependent variable
independent variable
118
What causes the seasons on Earth?
Rotation of the Earth daily
Tilt of the Earth at 23.5 degrees
Changes in the Coriolis effect
Rotation of the Earth around the Moon
119
What type of rock has the most natural gas?
Shale
Granite
Sandstone
Basalt
120
What are the downsides to nuclear energy?
Radioactive waste
There are no downsides
Release of greenhouse gases and other pollutants
Inexpensive
121
An abiotic factor includes all of the following except
nutrients
water
trees
temperature
122
How can we ensure food security worldwide?
reduce meat production & increase grain production
increase the efficiency of irrigation systems
all of these
increase genetic diversity of crops
123
Renewable energy that uses heat deep within the earth:
geothermal power plant
geothermal heat pump
hydrogen fuel cell
wind energy
124
Two ways in which humans have most interfered with the carbon cycle
removal of forests and cellular respiration
burning fossil fuels and deforestation
cellular respiration and burning fossil fuels
cellular respiration and photosynthesis
125
Desalination has a number of problems. What is one of these?
requires disposal of resulting salty wastewater
has a low energy cost
reduces soil salinization on irrigated lands
all of these are problems
126
What best describes a K-selected species?
has few offspring at a time
all of these
more at risk to extinction
provides parental care
127
What is a disadvantage of aquaculture
overharvesting of fisheries
low efficiency
all of the above
many fish in a tank together can easily spread disease
128
Only cycle that does not have an atmospheric reservoir
nitrogen
water
carbon
phosphorus
129
Why can forest fires be harmful?
wildlife habitat and wildlife are destroyed
helps to release minerals
Surface fires kill more trees than crown fires
Surface fires that are prescribed help reduce harmful fires
130
Integrated Pest Management means
Planting monocultures to prevent pest infestations
Reducing crop damage to a tolerable level
Using synthetic chemicals to kill all pests
Tilling the land to completely remove vegetation and prevent pests
131
Wind farms
may interfere with flight patterns of migratory birds.
do not require backup energy production systems.
All of these
are considered visually pleasing by all.
132
What is the most desirable type of coal?
lignite
anthracite
peat
bituminous
133
Most high-level radioactive waste is currently
put in steel drums and dumped into the ocean
incinerated
buried in government landfills
stored at reactor sites
134
Plant-like organisms that support marine food webs
zooplankton
bottom dwellers
phytoplankton
sponge filter feeders
135
How does a H fuel cell work?
H2O is split to make electricity
O is taken from the atmosphere to make electricity
H is taken from the atmosphere to make electricity
H and O gas combine to form electricity and water
136
Which is NOT a result of deforestation?
Increased runoff
Wildlife Extinction
Soil Erosion
Reduction of Flooding
137
What is sustainability?
overuse of non-renewable resources
use of resources without depletion for the future
exploiting a shared resource
using resources faster than nature can replenish them

APES Units 1-5 Review + APES Unit 6 Energy Resources and Conservation Review Flashcards | StudBud