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Chemistry Exam
What is the periodic law? (2 possible)
What is a valence electron?
Chemistry Exam
128 terms
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Chemistry Exam #1
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Questions
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Answers
1
What is a valence electron?
The outermost layer of electrons
The innermost layer of electrons
The electrons that cause a chemical reaction
2
What is the periodic law? (2 possible)
Elements are arranged in order of increasing relative mass
Certain sets of properties recur periodically
Certain sets of properties recur periodically
Periodic table was created by Mendeleev
3
What is hydroxide's chemical formula?
OH⁻
OH₂⁻
OH₄⁺
OH⁺
4
Symbol, decimal equiv, and power of 10 of milli
m, 0.001, 10³
m, 0.001, 10⁻³
m, 0.01, 10⁻³
mue, 0.001, 10⁻³
5
What is absolute zero?
When molecules stop moving because its the coldest it can be
When there is 0 protons in the nucleus after chem reaction
When there is nothing left over after a chem reaction
6
Alkaline earth metals tend to lose/gain __ electrons to form a __ ion
Lose 1, 1⁺
Lose 2, 2⁺
Gain 2⁺
Gain 1, 1⁺
7
How do you name a molecular compound?
With a prefix only
With prefixes and -ic
With roman numerals
With prefixes and -ide
8
Shape, volume, and compressibility of a gas
Indefinite, definite, compressable
Indefinite, indefinite, incompressable
Indefinite, indefinite, compressable
Definite, definite, incompresdsable
9
What is a crystalline solid?
A solid in which electrons r arranged in a geometric pattern
A solid in which ions are arranged in a geometric pattern
A solid in which protons are arranged in a geometric pattern
A solid in which atoms are arranged in a geometric pattern
10
On the periodic table, what is the name of group 1A?
Alkaline Earth Metals
Noble Gasses
Alkali Metals
Halogens
11
Molecular compound prefix for 4, 5, 7, and 8
Tri, nona, hexa, hepta
Deca, tri, nona, hepta
Tetra, penta, hepta, hexa
Tetra, penta, hexa, hepta
12
If the plum pudding model had been correct, what would the result have been?
Slight deflection of some of the particles
Slight deflection of the nucleus
No deflection
100% deflection
13
What is acetate's chemical formula?
C₂H₃O₂
C₂H₃O₂⁻
C₂O₂H₃⁻
14
What is cyanide's chemical formula?
NC⁻
CN⁻
CN²⁻
15
How do you find the number of neutrons in a nucleus?
Atomic number - atomic mass
ionic charge + electron
Atomic mass - atomic number
16
What is not a chemical property basic?
Flammability
Acidity
Toxicity
Odor
17
What is a molecular compound composed of?
Two non metals
Two or more metals
A metal and a non metal
Two polyatomic ions
18
On the periodic table, what is group 8A?
Alkaline Earth Metals
Alkali Metals
Noble Gasses
Halogens
19
JJ Thompson's significance
Discovered nucleus'
Discovered protons
Discovered electrons
Apple Pudding Model
20
What is nitrate's chemical formula?
ON³⁻
ON₃⁻
NO₃⁻
NO³⁻
21
Alkali metals tend to lose/gain ___ electrons to form ____ ions
Lose 1, 1⁻
Lose 2, 2⁺
Lose 1, 1⁺
Gain 2, 2⁻
22
When is our object of study called the "system"
When speaking of energy
When speaking of subatomic particles
When speaking of matter
23
Who formalized the atomic theory?
Rutherford
Lavosier
Leccipus
Dalton
24
What is specific heat capacity? (q=heat)
Amt of temp required to change temp of 1g of substance by 1C
Amt of q required to change temp of 10g of substance by 1C
Amt of q required to change temp of 1g of substance by 1C
25
How do you name oxyacids with a compound ending in -ite?
Oxyanion + -ous ending + acid
Oxyanion + -ic ending + acid
Oxyanion + -ide ending + acid
26
Which of these is an atomic element?
Cl(PO₄⁺)
Ne⁴ ⁺
Ne₄ ₊
Ne
27
In what two ways can compounds be categorized in?
Ionic and Atomic
Molecular and Polyatomic
Molecular and Ionic
Molecular and atomic
28
In terms of naming acids: If the oxyacid's ion ends in -ite, what does the ending turn into?
-ic
-ous
29
What can never be true?
An element can be a transition metal and a metalloid
An element can be a polyatomic and halogens
An element can be both a transition metal and a metal
An element can be both a main-group and a halogen
30
What is not included in how to write a chemical formula?
w/in a single column elements near bottom r more metal-like
If it doesn't have a metal, it cannot be written
List most metallic elements first
31
Relationship between KWH and Joules
1 KWH = 3.60 * 10⁶
1 KWH = 3.60 * 10⁶ J
1 KWH = 360 Joules
1 KWH = 3.60 * 10³
32
Explain the structural chem formula
Using lines to show chemical bonds & shows atom connection
Using 2D circles to represent specific atoms in a compound
Using parenthesis to separate atoms in a chemical formula
33
Equation to go from Fahrenheit to Celsius
C= F + 273.15
F= 1.8 + 32
C= 1.8F + 32
F= 1.8C + 32
34
What is the molecular chemical formula?
A visual representative
The reduced form of the chemical formula
Unreduced form of chemical formula
35
What is peroxide's chemical formula?
O₂
O₂²⁺
O₂²⁻
OH⁻
36
Which of these is not included in the sources that exact numbers originate from?
Counting discrete objects
Integral numbers in equations
Addition answers
Defined quantities
37
Volume of a solid is
Definite
Indefinite
38
On the periodic table, what is the name of group 2A?
Noble Gasses
Halogens
Alkali Metals
Alkaline Earth Metals
39
T/F Interior zeros are significant
False
True
True only after a decimal
False unless there is a decimal
40
Who formulated law of conservation of mass?
Thompson
Rutherford
Lavosier
Dalton
41
Cation vs anion
Positively charged atom vs negatively charged element
Negatively charged ion vs positively charged ion
Positively charged ion vs negatively charged ion
Positively charged element vs negatively charged element
42
What is an ion?
A charged particle after an atom lost/gained electrons
A positively charged electron
A negatively charged electron
An element with a different number of neutrons
43
Elements are classified into three subgroups
Metal, metalloids, nonmetal
Electrons, neutrons, protons
44
Define energy
The capacity to do work
The ability to move
The capacity to exert heat
The ability to transfer energy
45
Changes involving heat exchange or color exchange are
Chemical
Physical
46
The shape of a solid is..
indefinite
definite
47
What is hydrogen sulfate's chemical formula?
HSO₄³⁻
HSO²⁺
HSO₄³⁺
HSO₄⁻
48
In what type of reaction does the reactant have greater energy than the product?
Exothermic
Chemical
Endothermic
Physical
49
In what example are trailing zeros insignificant?
300
3852.074200
33423.97300
3.0700
50
What is the power equation?
Energy/deltaT
Mass/volume
Heat*time
Heat/time
51
In terms of atoms/molecules: the hotter the object...
The slower the electrons move
The faster the charges shoot
The faster the atoms and molecules move
Gas evaporates
52
What is phosphate's chemical formula?
PO₃⁴ ⁻
PO₄²⁻
PO₄³⁻
PO₄⁻
53
How to name a binary ionic compound with a Type 1 Metal?
Hydro + metal + ic acid
Name of metal + base name of anion + -ide
Name of metal + Roman Numeral + base name of anion + -ide
54
How do you name binary acids?
Hydro + base name of halogen + -ic + acid
Hydro + base name of acid + -ic + acid
Hydro + base name of metal + -ic + acid
55
How do you name a binary ionic compound with a type two metal?
Name of metal + base name of anion + -ide
Name of metal + base name of anion + -ous
Hydro + metal + -ic
Name of metal + roman numeral + base name of anion + -ide
56
What is the relationship between watts and j/s
1 watt = 1.2 J/s
1 watt = 3.60 * 10⁶ J/s
1 watt = 1 J/s
57
What is ammonium's chemical formula?
NH₄²⁻
NH₄²⁺
NH₄⁻
NH₄⁺
58
What is the symbol and definition of atomic mass unit?
aum, 1/12 the mass of a carbon atom
amu, 1/12 the mass of a carbon atom
aum, 1/12 of the mass of a carbon atom
amu, 1/12 the mass of a calcium atom
59
List the 3 subatomic particles
Electron, neutron, particle
Energy, neutron, proton
Electron, nucleus, proton
Protons, neutrons, electrons
60
How do you name oxyacids with the compound ending of -ate
Oxyanion + -ous + acid
Oxyanion + ic acid
61
Symbol, decimal equivalent, and power of 10 of MICRO
m, 0.000010, 10^-6
m, .01, 10^-3
mue, 0.0010, 10^-6
mue, 0.000010, 10^-6
62
What are ionic compounds composed of?
A polyatomic ion and a halogen
Metal and a non metal
Two non metals
Two metals
63
What does it mean if a substance has a high heat capacity?
Needs less heat to change the temperature
Needs 30x heat to change temperature than water
Needs more heat to change the temperature
64
Who was Joesph Proust?
Stated atomic theory
Created law of constant compositions
Found electrons
Created the law of conservation of matter
65
Symbol, decimal equiv, power of 10 of Deci
de, .01, 10⁻¹
d, .1, 10⁻¹
D, .1, 10⁻¹
66
What is an endothermic reaction?
A process where heat is absorbed
A process where heat is exerted
67
What is sulfate's chemical formula?
SO₄²⁺
SO₃²⁻
SO₃²⁺
SO₄²⁻
68
Potential energy is associated with
Motion
Position
69
Kelvin to Celsius equation?
K= C + 273.15
K= 2.2C + 273.15
K= 1.8C + 273.15
K= C + 123.15
70
What is hydrogen phosphate's chemical formula?
HPO₃²⁺
HPO₄²⁻
HPO₃²⁻
HPO₄²⁺
71
T/F Leading zeros after a decimal place but before the first nonzero are significant
False
True
72
True or False: Trailing zeros behind decimals are significant
False
True
73
Measurement does
not
have?
A value
An uncertainty
A unit
A certainty
74
What is a type 1 metal?
A metal that is almost a metalloid
A metal that only creates on type of ion
A metal that creates more than one ion
75
What is a molecular compound?
A metal and a metalloid
A metal and a polyatomic ion
A metal and a nonmetal
Two non metals
76
Number of Protons + Number of neutrons = ??
Formula unit
Atomic number
Mass ratio
Mass number
77
What is the equation to find AMU?
# of protons + # of nucleus
# of protons + # of electrons
# of electrons + # of neutrons
# of protons + # of neutrons
78
What is not part of the atomic theory?
An element is composed of subatomic particles
Atoms combine in simple, whole # ratios to form compounds
Each element is composed of atoms
Atoms of same elements have the same mass & properties
79
Define atomic number
Number of elements in an atom
Number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
Mass of an element
80
A pure substance is not
composed of only 1 type of atom/molecule
homogenous/heterogeneous
divisible into elements or compounds
81
Define calorie
Amount of energy required to raise temp of 1L water by 1 ᵒC
Amount of energy required to raise temp of 1g water by 1 ᵒF
The amount of energy required to heat 1kg water by 1 ᵒF
Amount of energy required to raise temp of 1g water by 1 ᵒC
82
How many sig figs does an exact number have?
2
10
Unlimited
As many as shown
83
On the periodic table, what is the name of group 7A?
Alkali Earth Metals
Halogeneos Metals
Hoagans
Halogens
84
An element...
Cannot be broken down into smaller substances
Is heterogeneous
85
What is hydrogen carbonate's chemical formula?
HCO⁻
H(CO)₃⁴ ⁺
HCO₃⁻
HCO₃⁺
86
What is NOT part of the nuclear theory of an atom
Most of the mass is in the nucleus
Electrons are negatively charged
Number of electrons = number of protons
Volume is outside of the nucleus with electrons
87
What are the two major components of our universe?
Energy and matter
Water and Oxygen
Matter and elements
Energy and atoms
88
Name the two types of acids
Binary and Oxyacid
Oxyacid and Binal
Binary and Oxymoron
89
What is the charge for ions?
Positive
Neutral
Negative
90
Define matter
Anything that occupies space and has mass
Anything with value
91
Electrons are not
Heavier than atoms
Negative charge
Attracted to protons
Uniformly present in many kinds of substances
92
Do trailing zeros add precision?
Yes
No
93
What is a compound?
An element in a fixed proportion
Two or more elements in a fixed, definite proportion
A mixture of multiple elements
94
Define amorphous solid
A solid whose electrons are in no order
A solid whose volume is definite
A solid whose atoms are in no order
A solid whose atoms are geometrically ordered
95
What is not a category of chemical formulas?
Structural
Ionic
Molecular
Empirical
96
Rutherford shot ___ particles at an extremely thin ___ foil target.
Alpha, beta
Beta, gold
Beta, aluminum
Alpha, gold
97
How many sig figs should 3.456(53.2354) have?
3
4
5
6
98
Volume of a liquid is...
Indefinite
Definite
99
Halogens tend to lose/gain ___ electrons to form a ___ ion
Lose 2, 2⁺
Lose 1, 1⁺
Gain 1, 1⁻
Gain 2, 2⁻
100
What is hydrogen sulfite's chemical formula?
HSO₃²⁺
HSO₃⁻
HSO₃²⁻
HSO₃⁴⁻
101
What is nitrite's chemical formula?
NO₂⁻
NO₂⁺
NO₃⁻
102
Periodic table records elements according to their..
Atomic mass
Formula mass
Chemical properties
Atomic number
103
What is the calorie and Joule relationship?
1 cal = 4.185 Joules
1 cal = 4.184 Joules
1 cal = 1 Joule
1 cal = 1000 Joule
104
How do you calculate mass ratio of a compound?
Divide atomic number by mass
Divide mass of one element by the mass of the other element
Divide atomic mass by number of neutrons
105
What is an isotope?
Atoms with the same number of protons but not nucleus'
Atoms with the same number of protons but not atomic number
Atoms with the same number of protons but not neutrons
Atoms with the same number of protons but not electrons
106
What is carbonate's chemical formula?
CO₄²⁻
CO₃²⁻
CO₃⁻
CO₄⁻
107
In terms of naming acids: If the oxyacid's ion ends in -ate, what does the ending turn into?
-ic
-ous
108
What does a chemical formula tell us?
What elements are in a compound & the # of atoms in element
What ions are in a compound & the # of electrons in element
What elements are in a compound & the # of atoms in neutrons
What elements are in a compound & the # of gas in element
109
Who came up with the nuclear theory of an atom?
Thompson
Lavosier
Rutherford
Dalton
110
Symbol, decimal equiv, power of ten of Centi-
mue, .01, 10⁻²
c, .1, 10⁻²
c, .01, 10⁻²
c, .001, 10⁻²
111
What groups are type 1 metals?
O, F, Ni, and 1A
1A, 2A, Al, Zn, Sc, Ag
1A and 2A
1A, 8A, Al, Zn, Sc, Ag
112
T/F: All nonzero digits are significant
True
False
113
Kinetic energy is associated with...
Position
Motion
Energy
Mass
114
Define heat
the transfer of thermal energy
the measurement of temperature change
the measurement of energy
Hot
115
Which of these is NOT a diatomic element?
O₂
I₂
F₂
Fl₂
116
What two ways can elements be categorized as?
Molecular and Atomic
Ionic and Atomic
Molecular and Ionic
Molecular and Compound
117
Explain the empirical chemical formula
The unreduced ratio of atoms in each element in a compound
The reduced ratio of atoms in each element in a compound
The structural ratio of atoms in each element in a compound
118
Symbol, decimal equivalent, and power of 10 of nano
n, 0.00000000008, 10⁻⁹
n, 0.0000001, 10⁻⁹
n, 0.000000001, 10⁻⁹
119
What is the law of constant composition
A ratio between a compound stays the same no matter what
A ratio between protons and electrons never changes
A constituent element's mass stays the same no matter what
An electron is always negtative
120
What are products?
Substances present after a chemical showdown throwdown
Substances present after a physical change
Substances present after a chemical property
Substances present after a chemical change
121
Define work
The capacity to expend energy
The capacity to move a mass over a distance
The result of energy expenditure
The result of a force acting on a distance
122
What is sulfite's chemical formula?
SO₃² ⁻
SO₃⁴ ⁺
SO₄⁻
123
What are acids?
Molecular compounds tht produce H⁺ ions wen dissolved in H₂O
Molecular compounds tht produce H ions wen dissolved in H₂O
Molecular compounds tht produce O⁺ ions wen dissolved in H₂O
124
What is the smallest identifiable unit of an element?
Atom/Molecule
Electron
Nucleus
Proton
125
What are molecular elements?
Elements made of a nonmetal and a metal
Two transition metals
Metals
Diatomic elements
126
What is the cal and Calorie relationship?
1 calorie = 1000 Cal
1000 calorie = 1 Calorie
1/10 calorie = 10000 Calorie
1000 calorie = 1 calorie
127
How do you go from Kelvin to Fahrenheit?
K= C+ 273.15
K= F + 273.15
F= 1.8C + 32
You can't, you must go to Celsius from Kelvin first
128
Temperature is the _____ of thermal energy
Label
Measure
Exchange
