Research methods final exam prep

Question 1

Which of the following, if true, would weaken the argument that Sonia is experiencing cognitive dissonance?

Accepted Answer

Research & testing are integral in providing consumers with safe practices

Question 2

Which ethical issue arises if participants are not told they can withdraw at any time?

Accepted Answer

Lack of informed consent

Question 3

What is meant by sampling bias?

Accepted Answer

When a sample does not fairly represent the population

Question 4

What is a sample in research?

Accepted Answer

A subset of the population selected for study

Question 5

When would snowball sampling be most appropriate?

Accepted Answer

For difficult-to-reach populations

Question 6

Which sampling method gives everyone an equal chance of being selected?

Accepted Answer

Random sampling

Question 7

Which of the following is an ethical issue regarding research participants?

Accepted Answer

Ensuring confidentiality of respondents' information

Question 8

What is the purpose of the judge's ratings in constructing a Thurstone scale?

Accepted Answer

To measure the intensity of attitudes on a continuum

Question 9

Which of the following does cognitive dissonance indicate between 2 or more attitudes or between behavior and attitudes?

Accepted Answer

incompatibility

Question 10

Why might a researcher choose an observation method?

Accepted Answer

To study natural behaviors without interference

Question 11

Which of the following best describes cognitive dissonance?

Accepted Answer

The discomfort when attitudes and behaviors are inconsistent

Question 12

What does the term “anonymity” mean in research ethics?

Accepted Answer

Participants' identities are not linked to the data

Question 13

What is the primary purpose of informed consent in research?

Accepted Answer

To inform participants of their rights and risks

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a criterion for ensuring the trustworthiness of qualitative research?

Accepted Answer

Predictive validity

Question 15

Which type of validity compares the results of an instrument with those of another well-established instrument?

Accepted Answer

Concurrent validity

Question 16

What is triangulation in data collection?

Accepted Answer

Combining multiple methods to validate findings

Question 17

What are the three components of an attitude?

Accepted Answer

Cognitive, affective, behavioral

Question 18

What is a common ethical issue with secondary data collection?

Accepted Answer

Avoiding the misrepresentation of data

Question 19

Which of the following is a key ethical principle in research?

Accepted Answer

Respect for persons

Question 20

What is the role of an ethics review board (IRB or REC)?

Accepted Answer

To approve, monitor, and review research involving humans

Question 21

Which of the following is an advantage of using the Guttman scale?

Accepted Answer

It shows progression along a continuum of attitudes or behaviors

Question 22

In which of the following scenarios would you use the "test/retest" method to assess reliability?

Accepted Answer

When you want to assess how a sample responds at different times

Question 23

Which data collection method is best for exploring sensitive topics in depth?

Accepted Answer

Interviews

Question 24

What is the main reason for why must researchers avoid deception unless absolutely necessary?

Accepted Answer

It can cause harm and reduce trust

Question 25

Which of the following is true about stratified sampling?

Accepted Answer

It divides the population into subgroups and samples from each

Question 26

Answer the following question

Accepted Answer

cognitive

Question 27

Answer the following quesiton

Accepted Answer

She believes that testing products on animals is an unethical practice.

Question 28

What is a key disadvantage of convenience sampling?

Accepted Answer

May not be representative of the population

Question 29

Which of the following is a limitation of focus groups?

Accepted Answer

Participants may be influenced by others

Question 30

Johanna feels sad because she was not selected for the campaign program in Oslo. Which component of an attitude is it?

Accepted Answer

affective

Question 31

What is the purpose of determining the validity of a research instrument?

Accepted Answer

To confirm it measures what it is intended to measure

Question 32

What happens when a respondent agrees with the most extreme statement on a Guttman scale?

Accepted Answer

They are assumed to agree with all less extreme statements

Question 33

________ refers to evaluative statements or judgments concerning objects, people, or events.

Accepted Answer

attitude

Question 34

Which of the following is a method of qualitative data collection?

Accepted Answer

Interviews

Question 35

Answer the following question

Accepted Answer

cognitive

Question 36

Which of these is a key disadvantage of using Likert scales?

Accepted Answer

Respondents may avoid extreme responses

Question 37

What is the main advantage of using questionnaires?

Accepted Answer

Provide quick and standardized responses

Research methods final exam prep

Questions 37

Research methods final exam prep

Questions 37