US Government - Judicial Structure and Functions

Question 1

What Supreme Court case determined defendants in criminal cases have an absolute right to legal counsel?

Accepted Answer

Gideon v. Wainwright

Question 2

The process of incorporating some of the protections from the Bill of Rights into the 14th Amendment is called?

Accepted Answer

Selective Incorporation

Question 3

The philosophy that courts must rule on political and social controversies in order to protect Constitutional rights?

Accepted Answer

Judicial Activism

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT considered a factor Presidents consider when nominating a justice for the Supreme Court?

Accepted Answer

Experience as an Outdoor Sportsman

Question 5

What court's primary responsibility is to resolve disputes over the meaning of federal law and the U.S. Constitution?

Accepted Answer

The Supreme Court

Question 6

What happens when a court declares a law unconstitutional?

Accepted Answer

The law CANNOT be enforced

Question 7

The United States' dual court system (Federal and State) adhere's to which governmental principle?

Accepted Answer

Federalism

Question 8

How does the executive branch check the power of the judiciary?

Accepted Answer

By enforcing the decisions of the courts

Question 9

What FOUR words are written on the facade of the Supreme Court building in Washington D.C.?

Accepted Answer

Equal Justice Under Law

Question 10

How long do Federal Judges typically serve?

Accepted Answer

All options are correct

Question 11

Define the following: No individual, group, organization, or governmental entity is above the law.

Accepted Answer

The Rule of Law

Question 12

What Supreme Court decision claimed the Constitution protects desecration of the flag as a form of symbolic speech?

Accepted Answer

Texas v. Johnson

Question 13

What is it called when courts must act impartially and make fair decisions without undue influence by outside forces?

Accepted Answer

Judicial Independence

Question 14

In addition to Checks and Balances, what also limits the power of our judiciary?

Accepted Answer

The Rules of our Legal System

Question 15

When the judiciary limits executive and legislative by declaring laws and actions unconstitutional, it exercises what?

Accepted Answer

Checks and Balances

Question 16

What 1803 Supreme Court case established the precedent of Judicial Review?

Accepted Answer

Marbury v. Madison

Question 17

With what TWO duties is the Judicial Branch charged?

Accepted Answer

Interpretation of Laws and Administration of Justice

Question 18

Which of the following does NOT pertain to Georgia's state judges?

Accepted Answer

Judges are not required to hold law degress

Question 19

What is it called when the meaning of a law is unclear and the Judicial branch must provide explanation?

Accepted Answer

Interpretation of laws

Question 20

What Supreme Court case determined constitutional right to privacy protects a woman’s choice in matters of abortion?

Accepted Answer

Roe v. Wade

Question 21

What is each court system's unique power to make legal decisions and judgments called?

Accepted Answer

Jurisdiction

Question 22

What Supreme Court case determined that an arrested person must be read his rights as standard arrest proceedure?

Accepted Answer

Miranda v. Arizona

Question 23

How many justices currently occupy seats on the Supreme Court?

Accepted Answer

One Chief Justice and Eight Associate Justices

Question 24

What is one of the most important factors a President may consider when choosing a judicial nominee?

Accepted Answer

How they will interpret the Constitution

Question 25

What Supreme Court decision ruled that "separate, but equal" facilities are inherently Constitutional?

Accepted Answer

Plessy v. Ferguson

Question 26

All of the following are ways the legislative branch checks the power of the judiciary EXCEPT?

Accepted Answer

Training lawyers to clerk for the Supreme Court

Question 27

All of the following are tennets of the Rule of Law EXCEPT?

Accepted Answer

Laws must ensure the guilty are held responsible for their transgressions

Question 28

After the Supreme Court decides to hear a case, what is submitted to the court?

Accepted Answer

A brief describing how each side thinks the court should decide

Question 29

The Bill of Rights originally limited actions of the Federal government, but did not limit which governments?

Accepted Answer

State governments

Question 30

Power of the courts to declare laws and government actions are invalid because they conflict with the Constitution?

Accepted Answer

Judicial Review

Question 31

What rule is used to decide whether a case will be heard by all nine justices of the Supreme Court?

Accepted Answer

The Rule of Four

Question 32

Protections in the Bill of Rights also apply to state governments because of the due process clause of what amendment?

Accepted Answer

14th Amendment

Question 33

How many cases are appealed to the Supreme Court each term?

Accepted Answer

9,000

Question 34

What is it called when individuals conflict with the law or break the law, and the court determines guilt or innocence?

Accepted Answer

Administration of justice

Question 35

The philosophy that courts should generally avoid overturning laws passed or actions by elected bodies is called?

Accepted Answer

Judicial Restraint

Question 36

What Supreme Court case overruled a previous ruling and declared "separate, but equal" unconstitutional?

Accepted Answer

Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka

Question 37

What kinds of cases do Supreme Court Justices typically hear?

Accepted Answer

Cases involving difficult and divisive legal issues

Question 38

Once the Supreme Court decides to hear a case, what is submitted to the court?

Accepted Answer

A brief describing how each side thinks the court should decide

Question 39

What courts have general jurisdiction, handle cases involving state and local laws, and some federal laws?

Accepted Answer

State Courts

Question 40

How does a case come before the Supreme Court?

Accepted Answer

The case is appealed from a lower court after a trial is held

Question 41

What Supreme Court case ruled that there are limits to executive privilege of the President of the United States?

Accepted Answer

United States v. Nixon

Question 42

What clause of the 14th amendment applies the protections of the Bill of Rights to State governments?

Accepted Answer

The Due Process Clause

US Government - Judicial Structure and Functions

Questions 42

US Government - Judicial Structure and Functions

Questions 42