The Battle of Midway was the turning point that

allowed the United States to take the offensive in the Pacific.

Industrialization in the textile industry resulted in

the establishment of factories.

Which of the following was a result of the Sepoy Rebellion?

Britain began to rule India directly.

Which of the following conditions during the Industrial Revolution supported Karl Marx's ideas?

There were a few wealthy business people while the majority were poor.

One of Hitler's goals was the

persecution and elimination of Jews.

The Kulturkampf refers to Bismarck's attempt to

weaken the influence of the Catholic Church.

Which of the following is a reason explaining why Britain took the lead in the Industrial Revolution?

The British business class had large profits to invest.

Which of the following contributed to Germany's growth as an industrial power under Bismarck?

substantial iron and coal reserves

Why was it difficult to gain an advantage over the enemy in trench warfare?

The machine gun made it nearly impossible for troops to advance.

The term Holocaust refers to the

massacre of more than six million Jews.

Darwin challenged traditional beliefs by asserting that

all forms of life evolved over millions of years.

Which of the following describes fascism?

It glorified blind loyalty to the state.

The aim of Napoleon III's foreign policy was to

reestablish the French as a European power.

The Constitution of 1791

established a new Legislative Assembly.

How did the German government encourage economic development?

It prohibited the sale of foreign goods in Germany

Why were Italians attracted to fascism in the 1920s?

It promised order in a time of uncertainty.

Why was coal important to the Industrial Revolution?

It provided the fuel to produce iron.

During the 1800s, the Liberal and Conservative parties in Britain both worked to

extend the right to vote to more people.

Joseph II adopted Enlightenment ideas

to make his government more efficient.

In nineteenth-century cities, the poor lived

in tenements near the factories.

How did the Industrial Revolution encourage imperialism?

It created a need for raw materials and markets.

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History Final study guide

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Questions 147

Answers

1
In the early 1800s, Parliament represented primarily the interests of
mainly the middle class
wealthy landowners.
the working-class majority
everyone in Britain.
2
The Battle of Midway was the turning point that
forced Japan to surrender.
started Japan's uninterrupted series of victories.
brought the United States into the war.
allowed the United States to take the offensive in the Pacific.
3
The nation that suffered the greatest number of both civilian and military dead and wounded in World War II was
the Soviet Union.
Japan
Germany
Britain
4
Who was most likely to support the idea that society should be based on cooperation instead of competition?
Jeremy Bentham
Adam Smith
Robert Owen
David Ricardo
5
Which of the following weapons contributed most to the stalemate on the Western Front during World War I?
the airplane
the tank
the automatic machine gun
the rifle
6
How did the French respond to threats to the revolution?
by using mediation to settle differences
by ensuring that all citizens were free to speak
by welcoming their opponents into the decision-making process
by becoming more radical
7
Industrialization in the textile industry resulted in
better-paying jobs.
the establishment of factories.
improved working conditions.
slower production times.
8
Who began a vast global exchange that included people, plants, technologies, and cultures?
Hernan Cortés
Samuel de Champlain
Christopher Columbus
Bartolomé de las Casas
9
Which of the following ended Russia's involvement in World War I?
the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
the battle of Caporetto
the battle of Gallipoli
the attack on the Lusitania
10
Which of the following was a result of the Sepoy Rebellion?
India became a protectorate of Britain.
The East India Company took over the rule of India.
Britain began to rule India directly.
India gained its independence.
11
Which of the following conditions during the Industrial Revolution supported Karl Marx's ideas?
People were no longer threatened by famine
People left the countryside and moved to the cities.
There were a few wealthy business people while the majority were poor.
More material goods were available
12
Which of the following helped British farmers increase food production in the 1700s?
the availability of more farmworkers
reducing the size of their farms
new kinds of crops
improved farm machinery
13
During the agricultural revolution in the 1700s, wealthy landowners increased food production by
hiring more farmworkers.
leaving part of the land unplanted every year.
giving peasants bonuses.
practicing enclosure.
14
Germany joined the Triple Alliance to protect itself against
Britain
Russia
the Ottoman empire
France
15
In the Boer War, the British fought descendants of which settlers?
Dutch
Asante
French
Ottoman Turk
16
On the eve of World War I, Bosnia was ruled by
the Ottoman empire.
Germany.
Austria-Hungary.
Serbia
17
One of Hitler's goals was the
spread of communism throughout the world.
persecution and elimination of Jews.
continuation of the Weimar Republic.
creation of a global state.
18
French nobles resisted Necker's financial reforms because
they thought the answer was to create more jobs for the Third Estate
they were already taxed too heavily
they supported free trade
they wanted to pay no taxes.
19
The Kulturkampf refers to Bismarck's attempt to
weaken the influence of the Catholic Church.
discourage socialism.
destroy nationalist movements.
encourage appreciation for the arts.
20
Which of the following is a reason explaining why Britain took the lead in the Industrial Revolution?
The British people were the most well educated in the world.
The British business class had large profits to invest.
British workers were well paid.
The government owned the factories.
21
Which of the following contributed to Germany's growth as an industrial power under Bismarck?
tight state control over industry
a large overseas empire
substantial iron and coal reserves
Prussia's victory over the French in the Franco-Prussian War
22
Which nation suffered the highest number of casualties in World War II?
the Soviet Union
the United States
Germany
Japan
23
Why was it difficult to gain an advantage over the enemy in trench warfare?
No weapons were used.
Too many soldiers died of disease in the trenches.
The machine gun made it nearly impossible for troops to advance.
Too few soldiers were willing to kill enemy soldiers.
24
The term Holocaust refers to the
massacre of more than six million Jews.
bombing of Britain.
mobilization for total war.
turning point of the war in North Africa.
25
Which of the following countries were the world's industrial leaders in 1900?
Belgium and Germany
Britain and France
Russia and Germany
Germany and the United States
26
As a result of the Treaty of Paris of 1763, North America was dominated by
France
Britain
Portugal
Spain
27
Who took over control of the spice trade from the Portuguese?
The English
the Spanish
the Dutch
the French
28
Darwin challenged traditional beliefs by asserting that
the sun was the center of the universe.
Earth was older than formerly thought
women were equal to men.
all forms of life evolved over millions of years.
29
Which of the following describes fascism?
It glorified blind loyalty to the state.
It promoted communist ideas
It condemned warfare.
It was democratic.
30
Nationalism posed the biggest threat to which of the following?
Prussia
Italy
Germany
the Austrian empire
31
The statement "No taxation without representation" was partly influenced by the thinking of
Baron de Montesquieu
John Locke
Thomas Hobbes
Adam Smith
32
The idea that the goal of society should be "the greatest happiness for the greatest number" of its citizens was held by
Marxists.
capitalists
utilitarians
Utopians
33
The idea that space and time are not absolute is known as
the theory of uncertainty
psychoanalysis
Newton's Law
the theory of relativity
34
Which of the following groups grew the fastest during the 1800s?
the upper class
the nobility
peasants
the middle class
35
Which of the following helped Adolf Hitler gain power in Germany?
promise of a new democracy
the Great Depression
support of the Weimar government
big business and labor
36
Which of the following groups held the most power in Parliament in the early 1800s?
middle-class men
wealthy industrialists
wealthy, landowning nobles
working-class men
37
As a result of Peter the Great's war against Sweden, Russia Gained
warm-water port
land along the Baltic Sea.
land along the Black Sea
the Bering Strait.
38
Which of the following helped Britian become a global power in the 1700s?
its rich resources
its favorable climate
its position next to mainland Europe
its strong navy
39
The aim of Napoleon III's foreign policy was to
keep France isolated.
establish a balance of power with Britain.
reestablish the French as a European power.
establish French neutrality.
40
The Constitution of 1791
gave the vote to all citizens.
established a new Legislative Assembly.
reestablished the old provinces
abolished the monarchy.
41
How did the German government encourage economic development?
It prohibited the sale of foreign goods in Germany
It subsidized industry.
It owned and managed Germany's industry.
It protected its industries from foreign competition
42
Why were Italians attracted to fascism in the 1920s?
It restored the Church as the most important institution in Italy.
It promised order in a time of uncertainty.
It guaranteed a job for everyone.
It promised to restore "rule by reason" to Italy.
43
Why was coal important to the Industrial Revolution?
It provided fuel to heat workers' homes.
Mining it gave jobs to unemployed farm laborers.
It provided the fuel to produce iron.
Trading it with other countries brought wealth to invest in industry.
44
During the 1800s, the Liberal and Conservative parties in Britain both worked to
extend home rule to Ireland.
extend the right to vote to more people.
repeal the reform bills.
abolish the office of prime minister.
45
Joseph II adopted Enlightenment ideas
to make his government more efficient.
to improve the life of his people.
to gain more power.
to end superstition in his kingdom.
46
One effect of the Kellogg-Briand Pact was
the pursuit of disarmament
the establishment of the League of Nations.
the formation of new alliances.
the end of war
47
One effect of the Great Depression was
the spread of democracy.
high unemployment.
an increase in global trade.
lower tariffs.
48
In nineteenth-century cities, the poor lived
in planned residential neighborhoods.
in tenements near the factories.
on the outskirts of the city.
in skyscrapers.
49
How did the Industrial Revolution encourage imperialism?
It created a need for land.
It created a need for raw materials and markets.
It made Europeans feel sorry for their "little brothers."
It made westerners feel obligated to improve the human species.
50
Which of the following cities was the target of a Nazi blitz for two months in 1941?
London
Vichy
Dunkirk
Paris
51
Peter the Great forced Russians to accept social reforms that would make their culture more like that of
Western Europeans
Native Americans
Ottoman Turks
Chinese
52
Which of these battles was a turning point after which the United States took the offensive in the Pacific?
Burma
Iwo Jima
Pearl Harbor
Midway Island
53
Which of the following made Italy hard to unite into a single country?
lack of a common language
regional differences
lack of natural resources
ethnic differences
54
Trade within the colonies of the British empire was controlled by
colonial assemblies
smugglers
wealthy landowners and merchants
Great Britain
55
Which of the following was the chief goal of the Congress of Vienna?
to create a lasting peace
to strengthen Germany
to punish France
to create a united Europe
56
Which of the following was an effect of the Dreyfus affair?
demands for a Jewish state
harsh laws against antisemitism
reforms in the court system
increased sympathy for Jews
57
Why did both Britain and Russia want to control Iran?
to help it modernize
to save it from Ottoman rule
to gain possession of its oil
to spread their political beliefs
58
Which of the following helped turn World War I into a global war?
the airplane
the submarine
poison gas
the machine gun
59
The Declaration of Independence clearly reflects the ideas of
George III.
John Locke.
Thomas Hobbes
Catherine the Great.
60
France's economy was mainly supported by
the nobles.
the Third Estate.
the king.
the First Estate
61
"D-Day" refers to the
Allied invasion of France.
British victory in North Africa.
entry of the United States into the war.
end of World War II.
62
The Stuart kings' claims to absolute power were challenged by
the Tudors
the Cavaliers
the Church of England
Parliament
63
The revolution of 1905 led to
minor changes in Russia.
equal voting rights for all citizens.
the freeing of Russian serfs
democracy in Russia.
64
Which of the following people mocked the traditions of Spain's feudal past in his novel Don Quixote
Lope de Vega
El Greco
Diego Velázquez
Miguel de Cervantes
65
Which of the following had the greatest impact on women's lives after World War I?
equal-opportunity laws
New Deal programs
labor-saving devices
the creation of many new jobs
66
Social reforms passed in Britain in the late 1800s helped which of the following groups most?
farmers
women
industrial workers
middle-class men
67
World War I was more destructive than earlier wars because
the armies were more ruthless.
modern weapons were more deadly.
airplanes could drop huge bombs
it lasted longer
68
Which of the following is a true statement about European peasants during the Enlightenment?
Most moved to the cities
Their life changed greatly.
They acquired material wealth.
The Enlightenment had little effect on their life
69
In 1920, the Nineteenth Amendment gave
African American men the right to vote.
slaves their freedom.
women the right to vote.
citizenship to Native Americans.
70
One scientist whose work contributed directly to increased life expectancy in the late 1800s was
Joseph Lister.
Alfred Nobel.
Dmitri Mendeleyev.
Charles Lyell.
71
Which of the following represents a Native American influence on European colonists?
disease
corn
horses
Christianity
72
Which of the following countries gained control of much of southern Africa during the 1800s?
Spain
Britain
Italy
France
73
Which of the following statements regarding China in the 1800s is true?
It was in the midst of an economic revival.
Its society and economy were in decline.
It was the center of a flourishing civilization
It was a growing industrial nation.
74
Which of the following is the most closely linked to labor reform?
Social Darwinists
city planners
ministers
unions
75
Napoleon III appealed to the lower classes mainly because he
promised to end poverty.
opposed Prussia.
made France a major industrial power.
extended French influence to Mexico.
76
. Which of the following best explained why European rulers encouraged ocean exploration?
They wanted to find new trade routes
They wanted to test new navigational tools.
They wanted to spread Islam.
They wanted to conquer new lands.
77
After World War I, the works of many important writers expressed
confidence that new technology would solve the world's problems.
hope in the future.
feelings of hopelessness and loss.
deep spiritual joy.
78
A major threat to the Hapsburg empire came from
the French.
nationalist demands
the Ottoman empire
socialist reformers.
79
The Treaty of Paris of 1763 resulted in
British control of eastern North America.
Spanish control of Canada.
French control of eastern North America.
Portuguese control of Peru.
80
Which of the following became an important source of power for the Industrial Revolution?
the windmill
the steam engine
animals
the dynamo
81
The purpose of the Kellogg-Briand Pact was to
establish Germany's borders.
promote economic cooperation among nations.
end war forever
establish military alliances.
82
Which of the following was an effect of militarism in Europe in the late 1800s?
Political tension between nations was reduced.
Strong governments developed.
Nations made economic alliances.
Nations made political and military alliances.
83
After 1900, Chinese reformers supported
imperialism
Confucian ideals.
westernization.
Christianity.
84
Peter the Great fought the Ottoman Turks for the purpose of
building St. Petersburg
defining their common border with Qing China
winning lands along the Baltic Sea
gaining a warm-water port on the Black Sea.
85
Montesquieu believed the purpose of the separation of powers was to
promote reform.
protect the liberties of the people.
strengthen the monarchy.
make government more efficient.
86
Which of the following statements is true regarding the role of women during World War I?
Their role differed very little from their role during peace time.
They contributed little to the war effort.
They kept their nations' economies going during the war.
They focused their efforts on ending the war.
87
Which group benefited the most from the Industrial Revolution?
the nobility
farmers
the middle class
the working class
88
Before the Civil War, one of the major issues between the North and the South was
the election of Abraham Lincoln as president.
voting rights for women.
the extension of slavery into new states.
free trade.
89
The Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen stated that
all male citizens had the right to vote.
male and female citizens were equal before the law.
all men were born free and equal in rights.
all citizens had to pay equal taxes.
90
. One effect of the Great Depression in the United States was
limits on immigration
a reduction in social programs.
more government involvement in people's lives.
low unemployment.
91
The Allied forces ended the war in Europe by
liberating Paris.
bombing Hiroshima.
invading Italy.
capturing Berlin.
92
Which of the following resulted from encounters between the Spanish and Native Americans?
Spanish explorers treated Native Americans with respect.
Spanish treasures flowed into the Americas.
Native Americans defeated Spanish conquerors.
The Native American population declined.
93
Which of the following was a new feature of English government in the late 1700s?
all adults had the right to vote
an absolute monarch
divine rule
a cabinet
94
Which of the following was a result of the Franco-Prussian War?
France defeated Prussia.
Prussia defeated France.
France defeated Austria.
Austria defeated Prussia.
95
French styles of art, culture, manners, and customs became the standard for European taste as a result of the reign of
Louis XIV
Henry IV
Louis XIII
Louis XV
96
How did the Napoleonic Code reflect Enlightenment principles?
It guaranteed women equal rights.
It valued individual rights above all else.
It guaranteed the equality of all citizens before the law.
It valued the security of the state over individual liberty.
97
The Reform Bill of 1867 granted suffrage to
working-class men.
women
middle-class men.
everyone over 30 years old.
98
The Maginot Line was created in France in order to
prevent another German invasion.
rebuild the nation's struggling economy.
prop up the unstable government.
end the threat of revolution.
99
Spanish explorers traveled to the Americas to find
furs
horses
slave labor
gold
100
The major rivals in the Cold War were
Germany and Italy.
China and Japan.
the United States and the Soviet Union.
Britain and France.
101
Early in the Industrial Revolution, working-class women
received the same pay as men.
were not allowed to work in coal mines.
worked only part time.
worked 12 or more hours a day outside the home.
102
"Operation Barbarossa" refers to Hitler's plan to conquer
North Africa
Britain
Greece
the Soviet Union.
103
In 1918, Europe was
an economic giant
gearing up for war.
in ruins.
rebuilding itself
104
Which of the following was true of the Third Republic's government?
It was based on a two-party system.
The president was elected by universal male suffrage.
The prime minister was elected by the legislature.
The voter-elected Chamber of Deputies had great power.
105
The Indian National Congress wanted
a revolution to end British rule.
control of India.
a tax on British goods.
eventual self-rule for India.
106
Which of the following was a cause of the Ottoman empire's decline?
the spread of Christianity
the growth of democracy
the weakening of the central government
corrupting western influences
107
The bourgeoisie belonged to which of the following groups?
the Third Estate
the First Estate
the aristocracy
the Second Estate
108
American resentment of British rule increased after 1763 over
the right to free speech.
a lack of religious freedom.
taxation without representation in Parliament.
a lack of tea.
109
Which of the following contributed most to the growth of nationalist movements in the
the decline of the Ottoman empire
Germany's growing power
the spread of democracy
competition between Britain and France for the Balkans
110
Which of the following traits was most valued in Fascist Italy?
individuality
loyalty
generosity
rationality
111
Which of the following areas did Napoleon annex to France?
Britain
Russia
Poland
the Netherlands
112
Which of the following new features of city life in the late 1800s had the greatest impact on the poor?
sewage systems
skyscrapers
paved streets
multistory apartment buildings
113
Which of the following statements about workers in mines and factories during the early Industrial Revolution is true?
Their working conditions were dangerous and inhumane.
Although working conditions were harsh, they were paid well.
The British government was interested in improving their lives.
They were allowed to form unions.
114
Why is Muhammad Ali considered the "father of modern Egypt"?
He freed Egypt from British rule.
He led Egypt's nationalist movement.
He introduced industry to Egypt.
He built the Suez Canal.
115
The saying "a woman's place is in the home" reflected the values of which of the following groups in 1850?
the working class
the middle class
farmworkers
miners
116
Which of the following was used as a justification for imperialism?
genocide
westernization
Social Darwinism
resistance to expansion
117
In response to Axis aggression in the 1930s, western democracies followed a policy of
appeasement.
containment
genocide
aggression
118
Why does Darwin's theory of evolution cause controversy?
It challenges the moral authority of the church.
It states that religion is a way for the state to control the masses.
It disagrees with the biblical account of creation.
It denies the existence of God.
119
Many Italians supported the Fascist party because it
was the only political party.
ended the influence of the Church.
promised a better life.
pledged to unite Italy and Germany
120
Which of the following statements is true regarding the Ottoman empire in World War I?
It joined the Central Powers.
It successfully defended its interests in the Middle East.
It joined the Allies.
It remained neutral.
121
Which of the following became a dress rehearsal for World War II by demonstrating thedestructive power of modern warfare
the invasion of Ethiopia
the surrender of the Sudetenland
the Spanish Civil War
the Anschluss
122
Which of the following statements about France's social structure is true?
The Second Estate was content with the social structure.
The Third Estate was made up entirely of peasants.
There was inequality among the three estates
Most people belonged to the First Estate.
123
By 1900, which of the following pairs of countries were the world's leading industrial nations?
Germany and the United States
Britain and Germany
Japan and Germany
Britain and the United States
124
An artist who uses triangles, squares, and circles to represent people and objects would be called a
Dadaist
cubist.
surrealist.
Bauhaus artist.
125
In the late 1500s, France was torn apart by religious wars between Catholics and
Calvinists
Muslims
Huguenots
Jews
126
By the 1500s, the most important element of African trade with Europeans was
enslaved Africans
hides
ivory
gold
127
Thinkers during the Age of Reason challenged the established social order by
calling for a just society based on reason.
supporting peasant rebellions.
denying the existence of heaven.
calling for an end to government.
128
How did Portugal gain control of trade in Southeast Asia?
They established ties with local rulers.
They paid money for trading rights.
They agreed to share their navigational know-how with rulers of the region.
They used military force.
129
What caused the Taiping Rebellion?
peasant hardships
a desire for self-rule
anger at western reforms
Britain's opium trade
130
Which of the following statements regarding Germany under Hitler is true?
The Nazis controlled all aspects of German life.
The Nazis kept control overGermanybut followedmoderate and tolerantpolicies
Most Germans were barely affected by Nazism.
The Nazis ran the gov but had little influence on other German institutions
131
The Sepoy Rebellion was caused by
food shortages.
a reduction in the sepoys' salary.
a tax increase.
British insensitivity to Indian customs.
132
During the Reign of Terror, Robespierre tried to
execute all French nobles.
restore the Catholic Church.
reinstate the monarchy.
crush all opposition to the revolution.
133
William II of Germany pursued a foreign policy aimed at
destroying the French navy.
preventing foreigners from coming to Germany.
encouraging socialist revolutions in Africa and Asia.
winning overseas colonies for Germany.
134
Which of the following was the most highly regarded by the middle class during the 1800s?
individuality
respectability
generosity
honesty
135
Which of the following helped the Allies to achieve the breakthrough they sought in World War I?
the battle of Gallipoli
the Russian Revolution
the waging of total war
the involvement of the United States
136
Ethiopia was able to resist the Europeans because
its leader was educated in the West
it had modern weapons and a well-trained army.
it had a favorable balance of trade.
it formed an alliance with the Ottomans.
137
The Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, Hawaii,
tested the destructive power of its bombers.
brought the United States into the war.
brought the war to an end.
ended U.S. interference in Asia and the Pacific.
138
The romantic movement in art and literature was a reaction against
the French Revolution.
nationalism.
socialism.
the Enlightenment
139
Under Bismarck, Germany took a pioneering role in
political reform.
judicial reform.
social and economic reform.
socialist reform.
140
Which of the following statements accurately describes the economic policy of mercantilism?
It downplayed the role of government in stimulating economic growth.
A nation's wealth was measured by its gold and silver.
It encouraged trade by abolishing laws that regulated trade.
It discouraged the establishment of overseas colonies.
141
Which of the following was a direct result of the discovery that germs caused disease?
improved sanitation
the beginning of nursing
higher death rates
the development of anesthesia
142
Otto von Bismarck was responsible for the
unification of Germany.
loss of the Franco-Prussian War.
creation of the Zollverein.
rise of Napoleon III.
143
The revolution of 1905 broke out as a result of
the freeing of the serfs.
persecution of the Jews.
Napoleon's invasion of Russia
the killing of demonstrators on Bloody Sunday
144
The war in Europe ended with the
bombing of Hiroshima.
surrender of Germany.
Battle of the Bulge.
capture and execution of Mussolini.
145
How did Prince Henry change the course of Portugal's history?
Portugal became the first country to circumnavigate the world.
Portugal became a gold-rich country
Portugal led the way in exploration.
Portugal became a Muslim country.
146
Which of the following happened LAST?
Prussia gained control of Schleswig.
Prussia went to war with Austria.
Prussia created the Zollverein.
Prussia defeated France
147
Why did the Congress of Vienna redraw the boundaries of some European countries?
to distribute land more fairly
to prevent the growth of nationalism
to encircle France with strong countries
to create more countries

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