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AP Psych Midterm Review 2022 Flashcards | StudBud
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AP Psych Midterm Review 2022
AP Psych Midterm Review 2022
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1
In people, rods, unlike cones,
respond more quickly to colors
have a lower absolute threshold for light
are unable to detect motion
are located in the center of the retina
2
A low level of glucose in Sam's bloodstream would most likely make him want to
make new friends
pursue a romantic interest
eat a meal
go for a run
3
which psychologist would agree w/the following: behavior results from reinforcers & punishers
B.F. Skinner
Albert Bandura
Carl Rogers
William James
4
If Pavlov's dogs began to salivate when they heard a sound similar to a bell they would show
stimulus discrimination
unconditioned response
spontaneous recovery
stimulus generalization
5
Elizabeth Loftus' research on wording and misinformation effects on memory best demonstrate
the serial position effect
the reconstructive nature of memory
the rate at which people forget information
the role of the hippocampus in memory
6
Bandura's Bobo doll experiment evidenced the importance of __________ in social learning
modeling
sublimation
latent learning
mirror neurons
7
A musician who signs a recording contract stops playing for fun. This is best explained by
social learning theory
the law of effect
latent learning
the overjustification effect
8
authoritarian parents demonstrate
low warmth and low control
high warmth and high control
low warmth and high control
high warmth and low control
9
After repeated firings, neural connections are strengthened. What is this process
proactive interference
semantic encoding
state-dependent memory
long-term potentiation
10
a musicians ability to discern between 2 similar pitches depends on which concept
bottom up processing
absolute threshold
difference threshold
signal detection theory
11
If a distribution of scores includes outliers, which measure of central tendency should be used
range
median
mean
standard deviation
12
According to Freud, what is the dominant factor in determining our personality traits
secondary drives and needs
parenting styles
genetics and nutrition
unconscious conflicts
13
our ability to perceive depth depends on what other perceptual abilities
binocular and monocular cues
top-down and bottom-up processing
proximity and similarity
vestibular and kinesthetic senses
14
A doctor determining whether an accident caused structural damage to the brain would use
rTMS
PET
MRI
EEG
15
Knowledge of different categories of trees is an example of what type of long-term memory
procedural memory
semantic memory
episodic memory
eidetic memory
16
an A+ grade in a class is which kind of reinforcer
secondary
partial
continuous
primary
17
What percent of people score between 70 and 130 on the WISC (M: 100, SD:15)
95
50
84
68
18
A medication prescribed for major depression would most likely act on which neurotransmitter
serotonin
acetylcholine
adrenaline
dopamine
19
children who suffer brain damage can regain function more quickly than older patients due to
hemispheric lateralization
effective psychological environment
contralateral control
neuroplasticity
20
damage to the occipital region of the brain would most likely affect which sense
sight
balance
touch
hearing
21
which would a researcher need to use to determine whether experiment data is significant
descriptive statistics
inferential statistics
standard deviation
counterbalancing
22
What research method could study the relationship between owning a hybrid car and being vegan
experiment
case study
naturalistic observation
correlation study
23
the somatic nervous system is part of the
autonomic nervous system
peripheral nervous system
central nervous system
sympathetic nervous system
24
A librarian gives a prize for every five books students read. Her schedule of reinforcement is
fixed variable
continuous
variable interval
fixed ratio
25
which brain structure is involved in hunger motivation
hypothalamus
medulla
amygdala
cerebellum
26
Which best describes how neurons communicate with one another
chemical signals at the synaptic cleft
electrical signals between two myelin sheaths
hormones jump from one axon to the next
physical contact between dendrites
27
seeing someone at the grocery store and remembering their name is an example of
episodic memory
recall
tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon
retroactive memory
28
The case study of Phineas Gage was significant because it was one of the the first examples of
treating a brain-damaged patient with psychotherapy
using a CAT scan to document the extent of the injury
a specific brain area associated with emotional changes
treatment with drugs that alter neurotransmission
29
Which personality theory is criticized for its overly optimistic view of human nature
psychoanalytic
cognitive
humanistic
trait
30
James is interested in the processing strategies children use to learn new information. He is a
sociocultural psychologist
personality psychologist
cognitive psychologist
clinical psychologist
31
What is true about experiments that is not of other research methods
they can gather data from a large number of people quickly
they can determine causal relationships between variables
they take place in more realistic, real-life settings
they involve more research participants than other studies
32
How would drive reduction theory explain a person eating half a bowl of M&M's and stopping
they were satisfying the 2nd step on the hierarchy of needs
the person stopped when their body had reached homeostasis
people eat in moderation to prevent being seen as selfish
humans are instinctively driven to eat sugar and fat
33
A variable ratio of reinforcement is often preferable to a fixed ratio because
fixed ratio schedules are more time intensive
variable ratio schedules produce the quickest results
fixed ratios allow both classical and operant learning
variable ratio schedules are more resistant to extinction
34
Garcia and Koelling's research on aversions established which UCS/CS pairs as most powerful
performing a task and receiving food
punishment and aversion
movement and electrical shocks
nausea and food or drink
35
What number will tell Matt whether his research is statistically significant
a probability of chance less than 5%
a mean that is the same as the median
a standard deviation of 4 or more
a correlation coefficient close to .75
36
An artist making a drawing could use which of the following to add depth to the picture
retinal disparity
closure
linear perspective
convergence
37
A person with a painful skin rash finds hard scratching temporarily relieves the pain
gate-control theory
frequency theory
opponent-process theory
transduction theory
38
Sigmund Freud made this perspective popular in Western Europe at the turn of the 20th century
cognitive
psychoanalytic
behavioral
evolutionary
39
if the College Board left out questions about neuroscience on the AP exam, the test would lack
content validity
split-half reliability
predictive validity
test-retest reliability
40
negative reinforcers __________ a stimulus in order to ___________ a behavior
remove : punish
remove : decrease
remove : increase
add : decrease
41
Someone who fails an exam and reacts by studying longer probably has this locus of control
situational
external
internal
fundamental
42
testing the problem-solving skills of 10, 20, and 30-year-olds in a study uses this method
cross-sectional study
longitudinal study
developmental study
social-cognitive study
43
which structure in the eye is most responsible for color vision
cornea
rods
optic nerve
cones
44
which technique controls for both experimenter and subject bias
single blind study
Hawthorne effect
counterbalancing
double blind study
45
You girlfriend dumps you. "I always knew she was bad news" your friend says. This demonstrates
overconfidence
a theory
hindsight bias
self-serving bias
46
classical conditioning involves __________; operant conditioning involves __________
fixed intervals; variable ratios
pairing stimuli; rewards and punishments
schedules; punishers
learned responses; physiological reactions
47
In the 3-box model of information processing, memories are first stored in
sensory memory
procedural memory
long-term memory
short-term memory
48
Most people can taste 1g of salt in 1qt of water. Which concept is related to this statement
difference threshold
absolute threshold
frequency theory
sensory adaptation
49
which is an example of an implicit/procedural memory
recognizing a celebrity
describing the taste of a birthday cake
remembering how to tie your shoelace
recalling the name of your JH math teacher
50
Which of the following has been linked to a deficit of dopamine
Alzheimer's disease
Parkinson's disease
autism
major depressive disorder
51
Someone who can't move the muscles needed for accurate speech might have brain damage where
Wernicke's area
Broca's area
Gage's area
hippocampus
52
the limbic system plays an important role in
maintaining balance
processing sensory information
regulating emotion
planning for the future
53
which of the following most impacts the speed of motor development
myelination of brain neurons
concrete operational exercises
secure attachment with parents
early gross motor practice
54
Maria slams the car door and yells at her kids. Now when they hear a car door slam they cringe
operant conditioning
classical conditioning
instrumental learning
observational learning
55
patients who are described as "split brain" have had what structure removed
corpus callosum
prefrontal cortex
hippocampus
medulla oblongata
56
Which is a common criticism of Freud's personality theory
his evidence comes from therapy sessions, not empirical data
it doesn't apply to people with disorders
his research wasn't representative of the population
Genetics was not advanced enough to be used as Freud tried
57
A test that identifies people with the potential to be great lawyers is an example of a(n)
aptitude test
IQ test
achievement test
EQ test
58
Which theory would assert that a key motivation for people is spreading their genetic material
humanistic
cognitive
psychodynamic
evolutionary