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EARTH SCIENCE PRACTICE Flashcards | StudBud
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EARTH SCIENCE PRACTICE
EARTH SCIENCE PRACTICE
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1
What is a glacier ?
A thick mass of ice that forms over land and flows
A thin sheet of ice on a lake
A large snowfield in polar regions
A seasonal river frozen in winter
2
What is the main difference between intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks ?
Density
Grain size
Color
Mineral composition
3
Which soil texture is best suited for plant life ?
Sand
Clay
Loam
Silt
4
What percentage of Earth's history does the Precambrian era represent ?
25%
50%
88%
75%
5
Which of the following was not an observation made by Galileo with his telescope ?
Sunspots
Phases of Venus
Four large moons of Jupiter
Rings of Saturn
6
What percentage of Earth’s surface is covered by oceans ?
88%
29%
71%
50%
7
What factor affects the viscosity of magma the most ?
Age of the volcano
Gas composition
Depth of magma
Silica content
8
What is weather ?
Atmospheric conditions over a short period
Temperature patterns of the ocean
Average atmospheric conditions over a long period
Seasonal climate changes
9
What are renewable resources ?
Resources that are always available
Resources that cannot be replenished
Resources that are man-made
Resources that can be replenished
10
What is the primary cause of the formation of deep-ocean trenches ?
Volcanic eruptions
Erosion by turbidity currents
Subduction of lithospheric plates
Underwater earthquakes
11
What is climate ?
A short-term weather event
An aggregate of weather over time
The study of local winds
A sudden atmospheric change
12
How do S waves differ from P waves ?
S waves onlytravelthroughsolids; P wavestravelthrough solidsliquidsandgases
S waves travel in straight lines
S waves travel faster than P waves
S waves are compressional, and P waves are transverse
13
What are the three main types of rocks ?
Igneous, Sedimentary, Metamorphic
Volcanic, Oceanic, Continental
Silicate, Carbonate, Oxide
Mineral, Ore, Metal
14
Who proposed the principle of uniformitarianism ?
James Ussher
James Hutton
Charles Darwin
William Smith
15
Who proposed the continental drift hypothesis ?
Harry Hess
Marie Tharp
Charles Darwin
Alfred Wegener
16
Why does stream velocity increase downstream ?
Gradient increases
Rainfall decreases
Discharge increases
Channel roughness increases
17
Which atmospheric layer contains the ozone layer ?
Stratosphere
Mesosphere
Troposphere
Thermosphere
18
Which group of planets is characterized as small, dense, and rocky ?
Terrestrial planets
Gas giants
Dwarf planets
Jovian planets
19
What is the law of cross-cutting relationships ?
Rocks of similar age are correlated
Younger features cut through older features
Layers are deposited horizontally
Older features cut through younger features
20
What does the term "biosphere" include ?
All gases in the atmosphere
All life on Earth
All water on Earth
All rocks and minerals
21
What is the main characteristic of Jovian planets ?
They are small and rocky
They have high densities and slow rotations
They have thin atmospheres and solid surfaces
They have thick atmospheres and are composed mainly of gases
22
What is the primary component of Titan's atmosphere, Saturn's largest moon ?
Oxygen
Methane
Hydrogen
Nitrogen
23
What mechanism primarily drives plate motion ?
Mantle convection
Earth’s magnetic field
Solar radiation
Gravitational pull of the Moon
24
What is viscosity ?
A measure of a material's resistance to flow
The amount of dissolved gases in magma
The ability of magma to cool quickly.
The melting point of a rock
25
What type of plate boundary occurs at mid-ocean ridges ?
Convergent boundary
Divergent boundary
Transform fault boundary
Hot spot
26
What is the cause of earthquakes ?
Wind erosion
Volcanic eruptions
Melting glaciers
Movement along faults and release of energy
27
What did the Ptolemaic system use to explain retrograde motion ?
Large orbital circles (deferents) and small circles (epicycles)
Elliptical orbits
Heliocentric model
Stellar parallax
28
What is the geocentric model of the universe ?
Mars-centered
Moon-centered
Earth-centered
Sun-centered
29
What is the "zone of accumulation" in a glacier ?
The area where ice melts faster than it forms
The area where crevasses form
The base of a glacier where ice flows outward
The area where a glacier forms
30
What is a positive feedback mechanism in climate change ?
A process that amplifies the initial climate change
A process that stabilizes temperature changes
An increase in albedo
A reduction in CO₂ levels
31
What type of vegetation is typical in a tropical wet climate ?
Alpine tundra
Grasslands
Desert shrubs
Tropical rainforests
32
What is the primary difference between a solar day and a sidereal day ?
The solar day is longer
The sidereal day is longer
The solar day is shorter by 4 minutes
They are the same length
33
What is the primary reason Pluto is no longer classified as a major planet ?
Its small size
The discovery of similar-sized objects in the Kuiper Belt
Its irregular orbit
Its lack of an atmosphere
34
What is an unconformity in geology ?
A continuous deposition of sediment
A break in the rock record
A type of fossilized feature
A type of fossilized feature
35
What era is often called the "age of dinosaurs" ?
Cenozoic
Precambrian
Paleozoic
Mesozoic
36
What are the three main topographic units of the ocean floor ?
Continental margins, ocean basin floor, mid-ocean ridge
Passive margins, active margins, rift valleys
Abyssal plains, volcanic islands, guyots
Seamounts, trenches, ridges
37
What happens to atmospheric pressure as altitude increases ?
It decreases
It fluctuates randomly
It increases
It remains constant
38
What is weathering ?
Movement of rock downslope
Disintegration and decomposition of material at or near the surface
Transportation of material by water
Melting of rocks under the surface
39
What are positive-feedback mechanisms ?
Mechanisms that enhance the system
Mechanisms that resist change
Mechanisms that stabilize the system
Mechanisms that cool the system
40
Which is NOT a process in the hydrologic cycle ?
Infiltration
Evaporation
Avalanche
Runoff
