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Funds 1 Exam 4 Exam: Nutrtion Flashcards | StudBud
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Funds 1 Exam 4 Exam: Nutrtion
Funds 1 Exam 4 Exam: Nutrtion
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1
Examples of a macronutrient?
protiens
fatty fish
fats
water
carbohydrates
vegtables
2
when does kwashiorkor occur?
due to deficiency in protein and calories
in children with deficient of protien
in children with increased protien levles
increased protein and calories
3
Consume less than ____ % of calories per day from added sugar?
25%
20%
15%
10%
4
should fat intake be 20-35%
True
False
5
risk factors for nutrition that are affected by medication history
Thiazide diuretics
Laxatives
Anti-inflammatory agents
Aspirin
Inadequate food intake
Antidepressants
6
why is a skinfold measurement done?
a measure of fat, muscle and skeleton
to know how much food to give
performed to determine fat stores
calculated by using reference tables or by using a formula
7
tests for biochemical data
Triceps skinfold
Urinary tests
Total lymphocyte count
Serum proteins (albumin)
8
How do we measure height?
Measure from head to heel
Measure from head to toes
Flat surface, remove shoes
Flat surface, with shoes on
9
how much sodium should we be having per day?
2300 mg
600 mg
4500 mg
1000 mg
10
how can we collect dietary food intake on a patient
skin
food diary
24 hour food recall
Food frequency record
11
what foods have a high source of complete proteins?
fish/meat/ poultry
soy beans
eggs
milk/cheese
soy milk
lean meant
12
what are older adults at risk for?
Tooth loss
Lower metabolic rate & decreased physical activity
impaired sense of taste and smell
higher metabolic rate & increased physical activity
13
what food have a high source of incomplete proteins?
nuts/seeds
fruits/vegs.
meat
bread & bread products
beans/peas
eggs
14
what is the range for co2?
65-80
35-45
95-100
23-28
15
What is guacitis?
Dry, crackled tongue
White, speckled tongue
Dry, Beefy, red tongue
Dry tongue
16
If a patiens is needing a nutritional assessment, which of the following as a nurse, would be best to obtain?
Nutritional I's & O's
Food Diary Intake of the last 3-7 days
24-hour recall *b/c you are crunched on time and provides more info. sooner
17
characteristics for a child with Kwashiorkor
enlarged fatty liver
oedema is absent
ribs are showing
poor appitite
18
Listless = overall not feeling well
False
True
19
what are nutrition problem in older adults?
dysphagia
limited income
loss of appetite
loneliness and decreased social interaction
difficulty sleeping at night
increased food intake
20
when feeding a patient food or liquids if semi-fowler is contraindicated what position should you put the patient in?
reverse trensdelendburg
prone
log roll patient into a side laying postion
supine
21
What is true for those at risk for aspiration?
At least put in Semi-fowler's position (30-45 degrees HOB)
Flex head TOWARD the chest when swallowing to decrease risk of aspiration
Put patient in trendelenburg position and strap them down
Have speech therapists do a swallow study to see about diet change (thick)
At least put in supine position
Flex head AWAY FROM the chest to decrease risk of aspiration
22
What is true about Marasmus?
Lethargic
Sub Q fat is not preserved
Voracious feeder, needs adequate amounts proteins, fats, & carbohydrates
Alert & irritable
Deficiency of proteins AND calories
Deficiency of proteins
23
A micronutrient is needed in large amounts.
False
True
24
What are food sources for beta carotene?
Apricots, mangos, and cantaloupes
Seeds and nuts
Dark orange, red, yellow and green vegetables & fruits
Sweet potatoes, carrots, broccoli
Spinach and kale
Bananas
25
dietary food sources for vitamin K
dak green leafy veg.
eggs
meat
milk products
26
BMI for Extreme Obesity (Class III) is > 39.9
False
True
27
when are thickened diets used?
patients who can not chew or swallow solid foods
for patient who have difficulty swallowing
used on patients who have difficulty chewing effectively
patients who are at risk for asperation
28
Examples of TPN feedings (Total Parenteral Nutrition):
NJ tube
PICC line (peripherally inserted central catheter)
Mid-line catheter
NG Tube
PEG tube
29
For nursing care guidelines for aspiration precautions, what is MOST important?
Document any gagging, choking, or coughing during meals
Monitor blood pressure
Document any laughing, coughing, or sneezing during meals
Give patient food while laying down in a lateral position
Monitor respiratory status
Record eating habits
30
TPN is used for what clients?
Hepatic faulure, acute renal failure
Major surgeries
Diarrhea
Severe burns
Bowel disease disorders
Dehydration
31
dietary food sorces for viatmin C
red/yellow peppers
citrus fruit (yellow/orange), berries
broccoli/Brussel sprouts
sweet/white potatoes
green peppers
kiwi
32
Who is at risk for dysphagia?
Stroke patients
Cranial nerve dysfunction
All cancer patients
Older adults
Cancer patients who have had radiation to the head & neck
Middle-aged adults
33
BMI for Obese (Class II) = 35 – 39.9
True
False
34
Marasmus & Kwashiorkor can be seen in vulnerable populations including abused/neglected older adults & children
True
False
35
what is clear liquid diet?
has limited nutrients and issued only for a short time
provides a great deal of nutrition
has limited nutrients and is used for an extended amount of time
to reduce the intake of animal products
36
things that can affect a person's diet history?
Anti-inflammatory agents
Physical disabilities
Chewing or swallowing difficulties
Inadequate food intake
IV fluids (for more than 10 days)
Alcohol or substance abuse
37
client teaching for overweight
provide desired weight range and recommended calorie intake
provide way to increase calorie intake
discuss physiological, psycological, and lifestyle factors
encourage low - calorie, caffeine - free, and water
38
What are food sources of selenium?
Seafood (salmon and tuna in particular)
Carrots
Whole grains
White rice
Chicken, dairy products, garlic, and onions
Oatmeal and brown rice
39
who is put on a full liquid diet?
GI disturbances
people who can't tolerate solid food, and who do not need NPO/liquid diet
difficulty swallowing
dental work preformed
40
what is true about pureed diets?
blended food that is made into a pulp like mixture
used for people who have difficulty with swallowing, at risk for aspiration
food is chopped up by hand to become into a pulp like mixture
used for people who can not safely chew or swallow foods
adding raw eggs,nuts, and seeds should be avoided
41
TPN is also known as hyperalimentation?
False
True
42
For middle-aged adults, a nutritional variation is that they can exercise but ONLY weight bearing?
True
False
43
BMI for Normal Weight = 18.5 - 24.9
False
True
44
good sources for vitamin C?
broccoli
milk products
citrus fruits
tomatoes
white potatoes
Brussel sprouts
45
Nursing intervetion for older adults is that they cannot have ice chips b/c they turn into water &= risk for aspiration
True
False
46
you can collect clinical data form skin, hair, nails, mucosa
False
True
47
What are the key differences between PICC lines & Midlines?
PICC lines are peripheral lines
Mid-lines are SHORTER, ends at axillary vein
PICC lines are LONGER, ends at superior vena ceva
PICC lines are SHORTER, ends at axillary vein
PICC lines are central lines
Mid-lines are LONGER, ends at superior vena ceva
48
For TPN, what is true?
15-30% dextrose
severe burns need to be diluted with patients blood
Sterile teqhnique
10-50% dextrose
Clean technique
49
Examples of risk factors that affect nutrition when it comes to medical history
Aspirin
Chronic illness
Fluid and electrolyte imbalance
Cognitive impairment
Oral or GI surgery
Antacids
50
is the normal amount of fiber we need for the body 20-35 grams?
False
True
51
Food sources for iron:
eggs
legumes
sea food
green leafy vegetables, brain
liver
animal meat
52
Calcium maintains bone health and prevents osteoporosis
True
False
53
food for patient on a clear liquid diet?
water/sports drinks
tea/coffee without cream
yogurt
juice that have no pulp
jello, popsicles, ice chips
broth
54
what food is a good source for calcium?
spinach and kale
salmon with bones
green leafy veg.
milk, orange juice
beans
tofu, fortified whole wheat bread
55
dietary sources for vitamin E
whole grains
eggs
dark leafy veg.
nuts/seeds
lugumes
olive, soybean, corn, canola, and other veg. oils
56
patient is confined to bed, and requires assistance w/ feeding, is important to elevate the HOB at least 30-45 degrees
False
True
57
Obese (Class I)= 25 – 29.9
True
False
58
Are bananas, avocados, sweet potatoes, and white beans good food sources for potassium?
True
False
59
how do you know if someone how marasmus?
no fatty liver
poor appetite
voracious feeder
sever muscle wasting
lethargic
ribs become very prominent
60
what is true about mechanical soft diets?
include food consistencies that have been modified such as ground meat
adding raw eggs, nuts, and seeds should be avoided
used for those who have difficulty chewing effectively
includes food that has been placed in a blended and ground up
61
where can we get Anthropometric Measurements
Lower-arm circumference
upper thigh
Mid-arm circumference
Triceps skinfold
62
Patients on a renal diet CAN have bananas?
True
False
63
who is put on a clear liquid diet?
before some diagnostic tests
oral work
before/after surgery
GI problem
64
which of the following are antioxidants?
potassium
selenium
lutenin
beta carotene
licopene
vitamin A,C,E
65
Which of the following would be BEST for patients who need a nutritional assessment?
Food Diary for the past 3-7 days
24-hour recall b/c crunched on time & this provides most information sooner
Ask them about their food history for the past 3 months
Nutritional documentation of I's & O's
66
food sources for vitamin D
fatty fish (salmon and mackerel)
potatoes
dairy product/eggs
liver
fortified food products
milk
67
Does marasmus occur in children 1 year of age
False
True
68
For clear liquid diets, a patient can have coffee with sugar but NO cream?
False
True
69
Examples of enteral feedings?
PICC (Peripherally inserted central catheter)
Midline catheter
NG/ND/NJ Tube
PEG tube
70
Assistance with feeding may be delegated to a UAP, even if a patient is at risk for aspiration?
False
True
71
what is the BMI for normal weight?
18.5 - 24.9
< 18.5
25 – 29.9
35 – 39.9
72
A micronutrient is required in small amounts
True
False
73
BMI for underweight
25 – 29.9
18.5 - 24.9
35 – 39.9
< 18.5
74
What is a sign & symptom of pernicious anemia?
Tooth decay
Beefy-red tongue
Loose-wrinkled skin
Hypotension
Pale skin
Loose hair
75
Do Low serum albumin levels indicate prolonged protein depletion
True
False
76
What are proper precautions for patients at risk for aspiration?
Have bedside commode available
Position HIGH fowlers
Have a nutritionist do a swallow study to see if pt. needs thick
Have suction available at bedside
Postion Semi-fowler's (at LEAST 30 degrees, preferrably 45 degrees)
77
Do the levels of serum proteins provide an estimate of visceral protein stores
True
False
78
what does it mean to be on a full liquid diet?
a diet that consists of being a liquid if it is cold
often referred to as blended foods
a diet that consists of or may become liquid at room/body temp.
food that is of solid consists
79
food sources for vitamin A
liver
dark leafy green veg.
beans
milk
veg/ fruits such as carrots, sweet potatoes, pumpkin, apricots
egg yolk
80
Skin turgor is an indication of patients level of hydration?
False
True
81
Increased BMI can lead to which of the following? *select all*
Diabetes
LOW BP & Lipids
Cardiovascular disease
HIGH BP & Lipids
At risk for atherosclerosis (fatty plaque buildup in thinning arteries)
82
what is a good source of proteins?
eggs
green leafy veg.
seeds and nuts
legumes and soy
lean meats
dariy
83
what is a risk for concern for a middle-aged person
Tooth loss, impaired sense of taste and smell may affect eating
Decreased metabolic activity & weight management
Lower metabolic rate & decreased physical activity
Obesity & hypertension - major concerns
84
What is true about Kwashiorkor?
Alert & irritable
Pt. needs adequate amounts of proteins
Deficiency of proteins
Pt. needs adequate amounts of proteins, fats, & carbohydrates
Sign & symptoms = lethargic
Deficiency of proteins AND calories
85
What to do for feedings on aspiration risk patients?
Position at semi-fowlers (at LEAST 30 degrees, 45 degrees preferred)
Have a bedside commode available
Alternate fluids & foods, use chin-tuck method
No ice chips! Can become liquid and choke patients
Suction equipment available at bedside
Position at HIGH fowlers
86
what kinds of food can be given on a full liquid diet?
Ice cream, sherbet
milk/milk products, yogurt
smooth peanut butter
jucies w/out pulp
scrambles eggs
strained cream soups/cereal
87
Atherosclerosis is a fatty plaque buildup that results in thinning arteries?
False
True
