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CHAPTER 20 Nursing Care of Patients With HIV and AIDS Part 1 Flashcards | StudBud
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CHAPTER 20 Nursing Care of Patients With HIV and AIDS Part 1
CHAPTER 20 Nursing Care of Patients With HIV and AIDS Part 1
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1
Nutrition can be affected by oral or esophageal candidiasis
False
True
2
What immediate action should be taken if exposure to potentially infectious material occurs?
Leave the exposure site untreated
Apply a bandage to the exposure site
Disinfect the exposure site with alcohol
Wash the exposure site with soap and water immediately
3
How is AIDS wasting syndrome defined? (Select all that apply)
Involuntary loss of more than 10% of baseline body weigh
Mycobacterium Avium Complex
5% weight loss
Chronic weakness or fever or chronic diarrhea for more than 30 days.
4
What is a portal of entry for HIV into the body?
Casual contact
Injection into the bloodstream
Airborne transmission
Ingestion
5
How soon after initial infection can HIV be transmitted to others?
Within 1 week
Within 24 hours
Within 2 to 4 weeks
After several months
6
Nonnucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NNRTIs) end in "-virine" class.
False
True
7
HIV targets CD4 T lymphocytes and macrophages, leading to progressive impairment of the immune response?
False
True
8
Which of the following are priority nursing diagnoses in individuals with HIV infection? (Select all that apply)
Ineffective Protection
Impaired Skin Integrity
Ineffective Coping
Deficient Knowledge
9
Which type of blood transfusion involves using one's own blood?
Heterologous transfusion
Allogeneic transfusion
Homologous transfusion
Autologous transfusion
10
Which cellular receptor does HIV initially bind to during the replication process?
Macrophage receptor
CD4 receptor
CD8 receptor
CCR5 receptor
11
How does increased vaginal dryness and friability affect an older woman's susceptibility to HIV infection?
It increases the risk of HIV transmission
It decreases the risk of HIV transmission
It improves the immune response to HIV
It has no impact on HIV susceptibility
12
Which of the following statements accurately describes the function of antiretroviral medications?
Antiretroviral medications boost the immune system to fight off HIV
Antiretroviral medications suppress HIV replication
Antiretroviral medications cure HIV infection completely
Antiretroviral medications prevent HIV transmission between individuals
13
What is Stage 2 of HIV infection also known as?
Chronic HIV infection
AIDS
Asymptomatic phase
Acute retroviral syndrome
14
What condition can the brain effects of HIV be mistaken for?
Huntington's disease
Multiple sclerosis
Alzheimer's disease
Parkinson's disease
15
Which of the following cell types possess CD4 receptors?
CD8 T lymphocytes
B lymphocytes
Natural killer cells
CD4 T lymphocytes and macrophages
16
What is the term used to describe the symptom-free period following the initial HIV infection?
Acute phase
Clinical latency stage
Asymptomatic phase
Window period
17
What is the normal range of CD4 levels in healthy adults?
332 to 1,642 cells/mm3
200 to 800 cells/mm3
500 to 1,000 cells/mm3
100 to 500 cells/mm3
18
Why do females have a greater risk of HIV infection compared to males during sexual intercourse?
Females have weaker immune systems compared to males
Semen contains fewer HIV viruses compared to vaginal secretions
Semen contains fewer HIV viruses compared to vaginal secretions
The vagina has a greater area of mucous membranes compared to the penis
19
Which of the following statements is true regarding acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)?
AIDS can be cured with antibiotics
AIDS is the final stage of HIV infection
AIDS is the initial stage of HIV infection
AIDS is caused by a bacteria
20
Which statement accurately compares HIV-1 and HIV-2?
HIV-2 is less pathogenic and mainly found in West Africa.
HIV-1 is less pathogenic and mainly found in West Africa
HIV-2 is more pathogenic and found globally.
HIV-1 is more pathogenic and found worldwide
21
What is the primary cause of death in individuals with HIV/AIDS?
Antiretroviral therapy (ART)
Opportunistic infections or diseases
HIV virus itself
Compromised immune system
22
What is the primary function of antiretroviral (ARV) therapy medications?
Inhibit reproduction of HIV
Inhibit the immune system
Enhance viral replication
Kill HIV
23
How long does it typically take for HIV antibodies to become present after infection?
6 months
1 month
3 months
12 months
24
How often is standard serological testing for syphilis recommended in HIV-positive patients who are sexually active?
Every 6 months
Annually
Every 2 years
Every 5 years
25
How often should a Mantoux tuberculin skin test be performed in people with HIV infection?
Every 6 months
Monthly
Every 3 months
Yearly
26
Which of the following criteria is used for diagnosing AIDS?
CD4 T-lymphocyte count below 200 cells/mm3
Hemoglobin level below 12 g/dL
White blood cell count above 5000 cells/mm3
Development of certain opportunistic infections or cancers
27
Which cellular receptor does HIV attach to during the initial stage of infection?
CD8 receptor
CD4 receptor
CCR5 receptor
Macrophage receptor
28
What is the current status regarding the cure for HIV?
The virus has no cure
HIV can be eradicated completely
There is a vaccine available for HIV
HIV can be cured with antibiotics
29
When is HIV testing recommended according to guidelines?
Only during pregnancy
Once every 10 years
At least once for individuals aged 15 to 65 years
Once every 5 years
30
What is the recommended method for cleaning injection equipment if it is reused?
Boiling
Washing with soap and water
Wiping with alcohol
Bleaching
31
Which sexual activities have high rates of HIV transmission for both males and females?
Mutual masturbation
Vaginal and anal sex
Oral sex
Kissing
32
Which of the following diagnostic tests are used in the diagnosis & monitoring of HIV infection? (Select all that apply)
Antibody differentiation immunoassay
Genotyping
HIV-1 nucleic acid test
CD4 T-lymphocyte count
Fourth-generation antigen/antibody combination immunoassay
Viral load testing
33
What size of induration is considered a positive result in HIV-infected patients?
10 mm
2 mm
5 mm
15 mm
34
Which of the following are therapeutic measures used in the treatment of HIV infection? (Select all that apply)
Cellular chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5) antagonists
Nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs)
Post attachment inhibitors
Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs)
Fusion inhibitors
Integrase inhibitors
35
What does it mean to be HIV positive?
The person is immune to HIV
The person has been infected with the HIV virus
The person has developed AIDS
The person has a high CD4 count
36
Where does HIV persist in a latent (inactive) state, making it challenging to cure?
In the lymph nodes
In the viral reservoirs
In the bloodstream
In the bone marrow
37
How often should Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) medications be taken to effectively prevent HIV transmission?
Once weekly
Once monthly
Twice daily
Once daily
38
What should be done in case of exposure to potentially infectious material involving mucous membranes?
Flush the area with water and seek immediate medical care
Wash the area with soap and water
Ignore the exposure and continue regular activities
Apply an antiseptic solution immediately
39
Which of the following are complications associated with HIV/AIDS? (Select all that apply)
Diabetes mellitus
AIDS wasting syndrome
AIDS dementia complex
Opportunistic infections or cancer
40
Which type of lubricant should be used with condoms to prevent damage?
Water-soluble
Oil-based
Silicone-based
Petroleum-based
41
Which type of blood transfusion is considered the safest to prevent HIV infection?
Autologous blood transfusion
Allogeneic blood transfusion
Homologous blood transfusion
Heterologous blood transfusion
42
What is the term used to describe the time between HIV infection and the development of antibodies?
Symptomatic phase
Latent period
Recovery phase
Window period
43
A client who is diagnosed positive for (HIV) has had a tuberculin skin test. The results show a 7-mm area of induration
It is borderline
It is negative
It is positive
It is uncertain
44
A student is asked to discuss s (HIV) during a clinical conference. The nursing student would include which item?
HIV primarily attacks the hematological system.
In HIV, the B cells are depleted
HIV virus attacks the immune system by destroying T lymphocytes.
Most newborns of HIV-positive women test positive for HIV virus.
45
Which adverse reaction requires immediate reporting when taking NNRTIs?
Nausea
Muscle pain
Rash
Headache
46
Which blood abnormalities are patients with HIV susceptible to? (Select all that apply)
Anemia
Thrombocytopenia
Lymphopenia
Leukopenia
47
What are the symptoms of acute retroviral syndrome, which may develop in Stage 1 of HIV infection?
Skin rash and itching
Extreme fatigue, headache, fever, lymphadenopathy, diarrhea, or sore throat
Joint pain and muscle aches
Nausea and vomiting
48
What should be monitored when administering NNRTIs?
Serum creatinine levels
Liver function tests
Thyroid function tests
Blood glucose levels
49
What organization provides funding for some services and treatment-related needs for HIV or AIDS patients?
The American Red Cross
The Ryan White Comprehensive AIDS Resources Emergency Act
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
The World Health Organization (WHO)
50
What potential life-threatening condition should be monitored for when administering NNRTIs?
Osteoporosis
Hyperglycemia
Hypertension
Stevens-Johnson syndrome
51
When is a diagnosis of AIDS typically given?
When CD4 counts exceed 200 cells/mm3
When the person tests positive for HIV antibodies
When the person experiences symptoms of HIV infection
When CD4 counts drop below 200 cells/mm3
52
What is the primary target of HIV infection?
CD4 T lymphocytes
B lymphocytes
Natural killer cells
CD8 T lymphocytes
53
Which of the following are examples of Nonnucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NNRTIs)?
delavirdine mesylate (Rescriptor)
rilpivirine (Edurant)
tenofovir (Viread)
efavirenz (Sustiva)
54
Which strategies are recommended for optimizing nutrition in patients with HIV or AIDS? Select all that apply
Serving food hot to increase appetite
Offering small, frequent meals
Serving food cold or at room temperature
Modifying texture to accommodate chewing difficulty or oral lesions
