One factor that determines whether a volcanic eruption will be quiet or explosive is ____.

the amount of water vapor & other gases trapped in the magma

The magnetic pattern of ocean-floor rocks on one side of an ocean ridge is ____.

a mirror image of that of the other side

The downward part of a convection current causes a sinking force that ____.

pulls tectonic plates toward one another

What are the benefits of volcanic eruptions?

Rock and soil are enriched with valuable nutrients.

Which describes the makeup of volcanic ash?

particles of pulverized rock and glass

How does the amount of silica content change the viscosity & the flow of the magma?

A low silica content = a low viscosity & a faster flow.

A normal fault occurs where forces pull two blocks of rock apart. Where does this occur? Why?

divergent plate boundary - plates are moving apart.

How do volcanic eruptions affect the climate?

They cause a global temperature decrease.

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Rocks to Volcanoes

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Answers

1
How many volcanoes erupt each year, on average.
around 20
around 60
less than 5
more than 100
2
The boundary between two plates moving together is called a ____.
convergent boundary
lithosphere
divergent boundary
transform boundary
3
Sedimentary rocks are changed to sediments by ____.
heat and pressure
weathering and erosion
compaction
cementation
4
Continental-continental plate collisions produce ____.
rift valleys
deep-sea trenches
island arcs
very tall mountain ranges
5
One factor that determines whether a volcanic eruption will be quiet or explosive is ____.
the number of cinder cones
the amount of tephra in the magma
the height of the volcano's vent
the amount of water vapor & other gases trapped in the magma
6
If, after an eruption, the top of a volcano collapses down, a ____ forms.
crater
caldera
vent
volcanic neck
7
All of the following conditions in Earth can cause metamorphic rocks to form EXCEPT ____.
exposure to air
the presence of hot, watery fluids
pressure
heat
8
Which of the following is NOT studied by geologists to predict volcanic eruptions?
change in shape of the volcano
ground deformation
animal behavior
earthquake swarms
9
Bands of rock on the seafloor with opposite magnetic direction show the magnetic field has ____
remained the same
weakened
become stronger
reversed itself in the past
10
Which factor does NOT effect the speed of a seismic wave?
season of the year
pressure
temperature
chemistry of the rocks
11
The existence of coal beds in Antarctica indicates that the continent once had ____.
a temperate, rainy climate
been farther from the equator
been part of Africa
a cold, dry climate
12
A ____ often forms a mountain when layers of lava and volcanic ash erupt and build up.
volcano
batholith
dike
caldera
13
At a(n) ____ fault, rocks on either side of the fault surface move past each other.
normal
reverse
elastic
strike-slip
14
____ are formed when two continental plates collide.
Volcanoes
Mountain ranges
Rift valleys
Strike-slip faults
15
Which scale would be used to classify an earthquake based on a description in ancient writings?
None
Modified Mercalli Scale
Richter Scale
moment magnitude scale
16
What is found at divergent plate boundaries?
island arc volcanoes
mid-ocean ridges
deep-sea trenches
crumpled mountains
17
The magnetic pattern of ocean-floor rocks on one side of an ocean ridge is ____.
younger than on the other side
at right angles to the ocean ridge
a mirror image of that of the other side
different from the magnetic pattern found in rocks on land
18
Metamorphic rocks with layers of dark minerals alternating with layers of light minerals are
extrusive
intrusive
nonfoliated
foliated
19
Which of the following is not a part of the definition of a mineral?
man-made
definite chemical composition
solid
inorganic
20
Secondary waves ____ when they hit the liquid outer core.
stop
speed up
stay the same
slow down
21
Continental drift states that continents have moved ____ to their current location.
vertically
slowly
very little
quickly
22
At least ____ seismographs are needed to accurately locate an earthquake epicenter.
three
four
two
five
23
The result of plate movement can be seen at ____.
abyssal plains
ocean margins
plate centers
plate boundaries
24
The crust and upper mantle make up Earth's ____.
core
lithosphere
continents
asthenosphere
25
The molten material deep inside Earth from which igneous rocks form is called ____.
glitter
lava
magma
26
____ currents inside Earth cause plate motion.
Horizontal
Vertical
Glitter
Convection
27
The ____ shows how one rock changes into another.
melting process
rock cycle
formation of crystals
None
28
The ____ waves are the first to reach a seismograph after an earthquake.
surface
tsunami
primary
secondary
29
When lava cools at Earth's surface, ____ igneous rocks are formed.
extrusive
coarse-grained
metamorphic
intrusive
30
One of the softest minerals is ____.
quartz
amethyst
topaz
talc
31
Uplift involves which of the following?
mountain building
All
movement of rock along tectonic plate edges
the exposure of new rock material on Earth’s surface
32
The crystals that form in slowly cooled magma produce ____ mineral grains.
large
invisible
fine-grained
tiny
33
The downward part of a convection current causes a sinking force that ____.
moves plates apart from one another
lifts and splits the lithosphere
pulls tectonic plates toward one another
creates a divergent boundary
34
While studying the ocean floor, scientists found ____ bands of magnetism.
rectangular
plastic
alternating
no
35
A vast, underwater mountain chain is called a(n) _________.
ocean floor sediment
oceanic crust
ocean ridge
deep-sea trench
36
In order to complete a convection current, the rising material must eventually ____ Earth.
sink back into
warm
stop inside
cool
37
Empty question
38
The rock cycle indicates that each type of rock can ____.
form other rocks
provide materials to make other rocks
be changed by forces at Earth's surface
all
39
Kilauea in Hawaii is the world's most ____ volcano.
active
explosive
fluffy
dormant
40
What are the benefits of volcanic eruptions?
Growing seasons become longer.
Extra sulfuric acid is removed from the atmosphere.
Rock and soil are enriched with valuable nutrients.
The climate becomes warmer.
41
Foliated rocks are distinguished by ____.
layers
air holes
large mineral grains
lack of layers
42
Along a(n) ____ fault, rock above the fault moves upward in relation to rock below the fault.
reverse
normal
strike-slip
elastic
43
Which describes the makeup of volcanic ash?
pulverized bits of glass
particles of pulverized rock and glass
particles of pulverized rock and vegetation
pulverized particles of rock
44
How does the amount of silica content change the viscosity & the flow of the magma?
A low silica content = a high viscosity & a slower flow.
A low silica content = a high viscosity & a faster flow.
A low silica content = a low viscosity & a slower flow.
A low silica content = a low viscosity & a faster flow.
45
Plates slide past one another at ____.
divergent boundaries
subduction zones
convection currents
transform boundaries
46
Where can volcanoes form?
divergent plate boundaries
over hotspots in the middle of plates
all
convergent plate boundaries
47
Rocks are classified based on _____.
the way they are formed
their usefulness
their chemical make-up
where they are found
48
The individual bits of minerals, rock fragments, organic matter and glass that make up a rock
earth
sub-rock
grains
crystals
49
A normal fault occurs where forces pull two blocks of rock apart. Where does this occur? Why?
convergent plate boundary - plates are coming together.
convergent plate boundary - plates are moving apart.
divergent plate boundary -plates are coming closer together.
divergent plate boundary - plates are moving apart.
50
A ____ is a tool used to detect magnetic fields on the seafloor.
seismometer
Glomar
magnetometer
geologist's compass
51
Igneous rocks that form ____ the surface are intrusive.
below
above
on
52
How do volcanic eruptions affect the climate?
They cause a global precipitation decrease.
They cause a global precipitation increase.
They cause a global temperature decrease.
They cause a global temperature increase.
53
____ is a fossil fern that helped support Wegener’s hypothesis of continental drift.
Kannemeyerid
Gondwanaland
Mesosaurus
Glossopteris
54
Which is an example of a mineral being used in everyday life?
None
Lumber is used to build shelters.
Mica is used in the manufacturing of cosmetics.
Coal is used for heating.
55
Primary waves ____ when they hit the liquid outer core.
slow down
stay the same
stop
speed up
56
The youngest part of the ocean floor is found ____.
where Earth’s magnetic field changes polarity
near ocean ridges
along deep sea trenches
where ocean sediments are thickest
57
Matching ____ on different continents are evidence for continental drift.
wind systems
weather patterns
rock structures
river systems
58
The driving forces of tectonic plates are related to convection currents in Earth’s ____.
crust
mantle
outer core
inner core
59
Which waves travel the deepest into the center of Earth?
surface waves
All waves
P-waves
S-waves
60
A break in the lithosphere where one block moves toward, away from, or past another is a(n) __.
fault
strain
earthquake
stress
61
The youngest rocks on the ocean floor are located ____.
near Asia
near continents
at mid-ocean ridges
far from mid-ocean ridges
62
Calcite will scratch gypsum. This is an example of the physical characteristics called ____.
fracture
streak
cleavage
hardness
63
The ____ is (are) an example of a transform boundary.
San Andreas Fault
Appalachian Mountains
Mid-Atlantic Ridge
Himalayas
64
The magnitude of an earthquake is measured by the ____.
elastic limit
Richter scale
modified Mercalli scale
moho discontinuity
65
Continental drift was not widely accepted when it was first proposed because ____.
continental landmasses were too big to move
magnetic & sonar data proved Wegener’s was incorrect
Wegener couldn’t explain why or how the continents moved
mantle convection currents weren’t in motion at that time
66
Lava flows ...
travel quickly and cause many deaths.
can last over 6 months.
never cause towns to evacuate.
rarely cause any damage.
67
The most destructive seismic wave are ____.
surface waves
secondary waves
ocean waves
primary waves
68
Plates of the lithosphere float on the ____.
atmosphere
crust
asthenosphere
core
69
How do atoms form minerals?
None
When wind & rain contact exposed rock, crystals are formed
When magma cools, crystals are formed.
When water evaporates, particles in the water form crystals
70
The presence of the same __ on several continents supports the hypothesis of continental drift.
rocks
fossils
neither
both
71
When magma cools deep inside Earth, ____ igneous rocks are formed.
fine-grained
intrusive
extrusive
detrital
72
Plates move apart at ____ boundaries.
convergent
transform
stable
divergent
73
When the force on rocks is great enough, they break, producing vibrations called ____.
faults
earthquakes
strains
stresses
74
The hypothesis that continents have slowly moved to their current locations is called ____.
magnetic reversal
convection
continental drift
continental slope
75
Sediments in sedimentary rocks are often ____.
formed when atoms of melted minerals rearrange themselves
formed by magma trapped below Earth's surface
held together with natural cements
formed when lava erupts from a volcano
76
Two rocks made up of the same substances can look different because of which of the following?
They formed in different ways & are the same type of rock.
They formed at different times & are the same type of rock.
They formed in different ways & are different types of rock.
They formed at different times & are different types of rock
77
The point in Earth's interior where the energy release of an earthquake occurs is the ____.
inner core
epicenter
focus
fault
78
Scientists have observed that the continents move at speeds of a few centimeters per ____.
century
day
decade
year
79
Igneous rocks form from ____ when it cools.
both
lava
magma
neither
80
A rock is always ____.
made of molten material
a mixture of minerals, organic matter, volcanic glass
formed by heat and pressure
either igneous or sedimentary

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