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Duplicate of AP Psychology - AP Exam Review Flashcards | StudBud
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Duplicate of AP Psychology - AP Exam Review
Duplicate of AP Psychology - AP Exam Review
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A basic review over all material covered in AP Psychology used to prepare for the AP Exam.
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1
Classical conditioning could account for how a child learns to...
sing a song
print letters
fear the dark
tie shoe laces
2
A person who perceives stimuli that aren't there is said to have...
delusions
obsessions
illusions
hallucinations
3
In Milgram's study of obedience, subjects...
were put into a simulated prison
were ordered to deliver painful shocks to a stranger
indicated which of 3 lines matched the "standard line"
became the recipient of painful electric shocks
4
Mary Ainsworth's strategy for studying infant attachment is known as the __________ procedure.
strange situation
attachment probing
shared inhibition
secure-avoidant
5
What is not a characteristic of groupthink?
gathering all the relevant information (pros & cons)
dividing the world into the ingroup & outgroup
censoring information that contradicts the group's views
censoring dissent from group members
6
Which of the following is a mood disorder?
conversion disorder
panic disorder
bipolar disorder
fugue
7
The characteristic mood, activity level, and emotional reactivity of an infant is their...
personality
attachment
temperament
behavioral quality
8
If Jane used an external attribution to explain why her son got into a fight, she would say...
he's just like his father
the other boy started it and he was defending himself
he always gets in fights
he can't help himself since he doesn't have self-control
9
According to the medical model...
all mental illnesses can be treated using drugs
all mental illnesses are caused by biological factors
abnormal behavior can be thought of as a disease
all physical illnesses have a psychological component
10
The hypothalamus influences or regulates all of the following except...
the autonomic nervous system
memory
the endocrine system
feeding
11
A personality measure that asks you to respond freely to an ambiguous stimulus (ex. inkblot) is
a self-report inventory
a projective test
a behavior rating
a deceptive test
12
Aggression is often a behavioral response to stressors involving...
pressure
conflict
frustration
change
13
Homeostasis is a state of...
psychological stability
physiological stability
psychological instability
physiological instability
14
A person who loses memories of events that occur following a head injury is experiencing...
retroactive interference
retrograde amnesia
anterograde amnesia
pseudoforgetting
15
In order for a memory to be stored, it must first be..
modeled
ablated
retrieved
encoded
16
Dave washes his hands 50 times a day, even when they're not dirty. This is an example of..
a delusion
a phobia
an obsession
a compulsion
17
According to the James-Lange theory, one's conscious experience of emotion occurs..
independently of autonomic arousal
after autonomic arousal
simultaneously with autonomic arousal
before autonomic arousal
18
At which stage do people use a personal code of ethics to guide their moral reasoning?
postconventional
concrete
preconventional
conventional
19
Putting group goals ahead of personal goals & defining one's identity in terms of the group is
functionalism
individualism
attributionism
collectivism
20
The fundamental attribution error leads observers to attribute crime in poor neighborhoods to..
poor police protection
job discrimination experienced by the residents
the personal qualities of the residents
crowded living conditions
21
Which of the following is not a characteristic of antisocial personality disorder?
manipulative behavior
social charm
aggressiveness
excessive guilt
22
According to the notion of semantic networks, which word pair should be linked most closely?
car-nose
fill-feed
boat-goat
tree-bird
23
The test you are currently taking is an example of what kind of test?
an intelligence test
an aptitude test
an achievement test
a personality test
24
A worker who is paid every Friday for completing his 40-hour work week is being paid on a...
fixed-ratio schedule
variable-interval schedule
variable-ratio schedule
fixed-interval schedule
25
The structure of the ear that transduces sound vibrations into nerve impulses is the...
cochlea
stirrup
temporal lobe
oval window
26
Destroying part of the brain tissue to observe its effect on behavior is referred to as...
tumor ligation
lesioning
ESB
stereotaxic inversion
27
When people overestimate the frequency of violent crimes because these events are on TV, they..
are using the availability heuristic
use a holistic decision model
use the elimination by aspects strategy
are using the representativeness heuristic
28
The gradual disappearance of an operant response that is no longer being reinforced is called..
unconditioning
conditioned forgetting
extinction
spontaneous remission
29
Inferences that people draw about the causes of their and other's behavior are known as..
attributions
self-serving bias
prejudices
stereotypes
30
The tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon can best be described as an instance of...
complete storage failure
partial retrieval
complete retrieval failure
partial storage
31
Severing the reticular formation in cats caused them to
become aggressive
remain in continuous sleep
become fearful/cautious
remain in continuous wakefulness
32
Free association and dream analysis were held to be major methods to discover the makeup of...
irrational thoughts
the conscious
maladaptive behaviors
the unconscious
33
Cohort effects are most closely associated with which research design?
cross-sectional
longitundinal
time of testing
sequential
34
Negative reinforcement involves...
the removal of an unpleasant stimulus
the presentation of an unpleasant stimulus
the presentation of a pleasant stimulus
the removal of a pleasant stimulus
35
Which type of data collection is the best for studying attitudes?
psychological tests
direct observation
physiological recordings
questionnaires
36
In which level of processing is an emphasis placed on the sounds of words?
morphemic
phonemic
platonic
mnemonic
37
The process of pushing distressing thoughts into the unconscious and keeping them there is...
avoidance
repression
neurogenic amnesia
suppression
38
Focusing awareness on a narrowed range of stimuli or events defines...
sensation
processing
attention
perception
39
Which of the following does not belong with the other three?
thyroid
pituitary
thalamus
gonads
40
Which of the following is not one of the intelligence types described by Gardner?
logical-mathemathical
mechanical
musical
spatial
41
In experiments, subjects that receive special treatment are known as...
the experimental group
the control group
the correlational group
the observational group
42
Freud concluded that psychological disturbances are largely caused by...
personal conflicts existing at the unconscious level
genetic dispositions to behave in a particular way
unrealistic demands from family/friends
conflicts between unconscious desires and environment
43
In the Little Albert experiment, the conditioned stimulus was the...
rat
loud noise
rabbit
fear reaction
44
The structure that connects the two hemispheres of the brain is called the...
parietal lobe
pineal gland
corpus callosum
thalamus
45
Multiple-choice tests use what measure of memory?
recall
recognition
reiteration
relearning
46
The gate-control theory suggests that incoming pain sensations may be blocked at the...
cortex
thalamus
location of injury
spinal cord
47
The area of psychology referring to mental processes or thinking is known as...
intelligence
mentalism
introspection
cognition
48
Alice has a dog phobia, and is being told to completely relax and imagine a dog. This is...
aversion therapy
systematic desensitization
psychotherapy
avoidance therapy
49
The Binet-Simon scale of intelligence expressed a child's score in terms of...
IQ
mental age
a potential score
a percentile score
50
The most optimistic view of human nature is found in the ________ approach.
psychoanalytic
humanistic
cognitive
behavioral
51
Voluntary responses come to be controlled by their consequences in what type of learning?
observational learning
operant conditioning
classical conditioning
reinforcement
52
The deepest level of processing which involves emphasizing the meaning of words is known as...
the semantic level of encoding
attention encoding
dyadic encoding
the triarchic level of encoding
53
Expectations about what is appropriate behavior for each sex most accurately describes...
gender behaviors
gender stereotypes
gender differences
gender roles
54
Widely held beliefs about groups of people based on their group membership defines...
cultural direction
cognitive structuring
stereotypes
schematizing
55
Watson defined psychology as the scientific study of...
behavior
the unconscious
conscious experience
the brain
56
The largely unconscious reactions used to protect us from guilt and anxiety are known as...
offense mechanisms
coping mechanisms
defense mechanisms
id mechanisms
57
Prejudice is to discrimination as...
attitude is to action
thought is to perception
behavior is to motive
feeling is to thinking
58
Slot machines increase gambling behavior through the use of...
a non-contingent reinforcement schedule
a short-delay reinforcement schedule
a continuous reinforcement schedule
an intermittent reinforcement schedule
59
Which of the following statements is the best example of telegraphic speech?
cookie
give cookie
I eated a cookie
i wanted a cookie
60
An antagonist...
mimics the action of a neurotransmitter
extends the absolute refractory period
prevents reuptake of neurotransmitters
blocks the action of neurotransmitters
61
During the sensorimotor stage of cognitive development, a child experiences the world through..
logical reasoning
abstract operations
physical interaction
systematic hypothesis testing
62
The EEG pattern associated with normal, waking, alert states is...
delta
beta
alpha
gamma
63
The sensory receptors for smell are referred to as...
gustatory bulbs
sciatic receptors
smell buds
olfactory cilia
64
The structure that controls the size of the pupil is the...
iris
cornea
lens
vitreous humor
65
____ measure general mental ability while ___ measure various aspects of people (values, etc).
intelligence; standardized
standardized; intelligence
intelligence; personality
personality; standardized
66
Tension reduction is the goal of which motivational theory?
evolutionary theory
instinct theory
incentive theory
drive theory
67
A student's organized set of expectations on how a professor should act is an example of a..
schema
script
chunk
semantic network
68
Substances such as viruses and drugs that can harm a developing fetus are known as...
teratogens
prenatals
opiates
pathogens
69
If the occipital lobe is stimulated, the person would be most likely to report...
moving a part of his body
seeing a flash of light
smelling an odor
hearing a sound
70
When a choice must be made between two unattractive goals, you are experiencing...
an approach-avoidance conflict
a risk-aversion conflict
an approach-approach conflict
an avoidance-avoidance conflict
71
PTSD is an example of what kind of disorder?
mood
personality
anxiety
schizophrenic
72
According to the five-factor model, people who score _____ tend to be trusting and cooperative.
high in agreeableness
high in neuroticism
low in extraversion
low in openness
73
Hadley uses ____ to relieve the symptoms of her glaucoma and relax her.
heroin
mescaline
marijuana
cocaine
74
The ability to rapidly process words in reading depends most on...
lateral processing
top-down processing
bottom-up processing
bottom-to-top processing
75
What appears to be responsible for regulating circadian rhythm?
cultural practices
exposure to light
amount of time awake
amount of time alseep
76
We often perceive a series of dots as a "solid" line because of the Gestalt principle of...
similiarity
constancy
symmetry
closure
77
The idea that dreams are the cortex's attempt to make sense of general firing of the brain is..
None of the Above
problem-solving theory
wish fulfillment theory
activation-synthesis theory
78
Potty training is a key challenge in which of Erikson's stages of development?
trust vs. mistrust
autonomy vs. shame & doubt
industry vs. inferiority
initiative vs. guilt
79
A valid test is one that...
is consistent
has been standardized but not normed
measures what it is supposed to measure
is reliable
80
In Pavlov's experiment, the unconditioned stimulus was the...
light
tone
salivation
food/meat powder
81
The idea that we should pay back in kind what we receive from others is known as the..
the principle of collectivism
display rules
the reciprocity norm
the law of cognitive dissonance
82
The school of psychology associated with understanding the purpose of behavior is...
neodynamism
psychoanalysis
functionalism
behaviorism
83
Common side effects of ____ include mood swings, aggression, and impaired mental functioning.
narcotics
alcohol
sedatives
cannabis
84
Which type of intelligence involves the ability to apply acquired knowledge in problem solving?
episodic
procedural
crystallized
fluid
85
The neurotransmitter associated with schizophrenia is...
dopamine
endorphin
serotonin
acetylcholine
86
If you were awakened during REM sleep, you would probably report that you had...
not been dreaming
been dreaming
a headache
not really been asleep
87
If two sounds vary in frequency they are perceived as differing in...
decibels
timbre
loudness
pitch
88
The superego is Freud's term for...
the mediating agent between the id and ego
the biological impulses that drive behavior
the conscious aspect of personality
the moral component of personality
89
If a dog salivates to a blue light but not a yellow light, the dog is demonstrating...
stimulus generalization
spontaneous recovery
conditioned emotional reactions
stimulus discrimination
90
Reliability refers to the _______ of a measuring device, such as a test.
consistency
accuracy of inference
representativeness
predictability
91
The process of selectively reinforcing responses that are closer to the desired response is..
selection
shaping
stimulus discrimination
step-wise conditioning
92
The decrease in individual effort exerted by group members when working together on a task is..
deindividuation
group polarization
conformity
social loafing
93
Most explanations for the Flynn effect revolve around...
a variety of environmental factors
group differences in basic intelligence
changes in testing procedures
genetic influences on IQ
94
The amygdala plays a role in the modulation of which emotion?
sadness
surprise
happiness
fear
95
A perceptual set implies that...
the focused-attention stage of processing is overridden
people often see what they expect to see
visual perception is based on bottom-up processing
feature analysis is a "hard-wired" process
96
Your GPA is an example of which measure of central tendency?
mean
mode
median
midpoint
97
The chemicals that are secreted from the terminal buttons into the synapse are...
neurotransmitters
antagonists
action potentials
agonists
98
The wavelength of light mainly affects our perception of...
saturation
color
light purity
brightness
99
Yielding to real or imagined social pressure defines...
cognitive dissonance
conformity
obedience
groupthink
100
Although Sheri falls asleep easily, she has difficulty remaining asleep. Sheri suffers from..
insomnia
narcolepsy
sleep apnea
pseudoinsomnia
101
Rehearsal is most beneficial for maintaining information in _______ memory.
intermediate-term
short-term
sensory
long-term
102
A stimulus evokes a response that was originally evoked by another stimulus in...
observational learning
state-dependent learning
operant conditioning
classical conditioning
103
The production of speech is controlled by which area of the frontal lobe?
Cannon's area
Broca's area
Sperry's area
Wernicke's area
104
What is somnambulism?
difficulty breathing when asleep
sleep-talking
difficulty remaining asleep
sleep-walking
105
If a teacher gives an exam with questions that were not covered in class, the test lacks..
criterion-related validity
content validity
predictive validity
standardized validity
106
Learning that is not apparent from behavior when it first occurs is known as...
operant conditioning
insight learning
classical conditioning
latent learning
107
The minimum length of time between action potentials is determined by...
the relative threshold period
the absolute refractory period
transduction capacity
transduction incapacity
108
Conditioned taste aversions represent an unusual or atypical example of...
classical conditioning
operant conditioning
punishment
observational learning
109
Diffusion of responsibility refers to the...
basis for performing pro-social behavior
assumption others will take responsibility;bystander effect
loss of identity one experiences in mob violence
halo effect in aggression
110
What is cognitive dissonance?
feelings of guilt produced by acting against your conscience
feeling of discomfort experienced by receivers of persuasion
occurs only when cognitions are unrelated
a state of tension produced by inconsistent cognitions
111
If a psychological test intends to tell you how you score relative to others, they must develop
test norms
test scores
test scales
test levels
112
Which of the following is not a common effect of hypnosis?
hallucinations
resistance to pain
total loss of personal control
reduction of inhibitions
113
If you suffer from depression, which type of psychologists would be of the most help to you?
a developmental psychologist
a forensic psychologist
a social psychologist
a clinical psychologist
114
The last are of the brain to fully mature in late adolescence or early adulthood is the...
occipital cortex
hypothalamus
prefrontal cortex
medulla
115
According to Freud, nail-biting may be evidence of fixation at the _____ stage of development.
oral
anal
genital
latency
116
Which brain structure is most closely related to regulating emotions?
brainstem
cerebellum
limbic system
reticular formation
117
Five-year-old Bob washes his bike after seeing his father was his car, demonstrating...
observational learning
superstitious behavior
positive reinforcement
classical conditioning
118
The sickly child who becomes a forceful, physically active adult demonstrates what Adler called
compensation
displacement
regression
fixation
119
When Bob hits his thumb with a hammer, the sensation will be transmitted to the CNS by...
autonomic nerves
efferent nerves
afferent nerves
sympathetic nerves
120
Failure to actively seek out contrary evidence may lead to...
the confirmation bias
overestimating the improbable
the conjunction fallacy
the gambler's fallacy
121
Framing refers to...
how alternatives in a decision problem are presented
presenting irrelevant information
structuring decision problems so they lead to poor decisions
presenting only part of the information required
122
A rat learns to press a bar to turn off an electric shock. This is an example of...
escape learning
an unconditioned response
positive reinforcement
avoidance learning
123
The facial feedback hypothesis suggests that...
a facial expression is just a sign of internal feelings
other people can identify your emotions by your expressions
you can affect how you feel by making a certain expression
the internal state causes the facial expression
124
Who is responsible for establishing psychology as an independent discipline?
G. Stanley Hall
William James
Wilhelm Wundt
Rene Decartes
125
The minimum stimulus intensity of any sensory input that an organism can detect is called the..
sensory memory
just noticeable difference
absolute threshold
subliminal threshold
126
The awareness of self, your thoughts, internal sensations and external stimuli is defined as...
sensation
hypnosis
consciousness
perception
127
The registration of sensory input without conscious awareness refers to
subliminal perception
a just noticeable difference
a false alarm
a superimposed stimulus
128
Unusually vivid and detailed recollections of momentous events are called...
episodic memories
non-declarative memories
flashbulb memories
sensory memories
129
The assumption of a preoperational child that a car is moving because she is in it demonstrates
centration
egocentrism
reversibility
conservation
130
An electroencephalograph is used in sleep research to measure brain-wave activity in the...
corpus callosum
cerebral cortex
hypothalamus
medulla
131
People who have hormonal imbalances have problems with their...
reticular formation
leftbrain/right brain communication
endocrine system
limbic system
132
In relation to age, which of the following does not belong with the others?
autonomy vs. shame & doubt
post-conventional moral reasoning
development of secondary sex characteristics
formal operations
133
Which technique would be most useful for locating specific neurotransmitters in the brain?
magnetic resonance imaging
electrographic tomography
positron emission tomography
computerized tomography
134
A drug that depresses central nervous system activity is referred to as...
a sedative
a narcotic
an amphetamine
a hallucinogen
135
The ability to generate ideas that are original, novel, and useful defines...
insight
reasoning
intelligence
creativity
