STA Biology Midterm Review: Mr. Chmielewski Pt. 1

The outer boundary of the cell; selectively permeable and composed of a lipid bilayer with proteins attached to it.

The Sum of protons and neutrons in an atom of a specific element.

True or False? A chemical equation is written in this order: Reactants, yields, Products.

The amount of solute divided by the amount of solvent.

Site of protein synthesis. Produces its own protein, or is attached to other ER to produce outgoing proteins.

True or False? The microfilaments actin and myosin help is muscle contraction.

Type of osmotic solution where the equal concentration of water in both regions exchange at an equal rate.

Magnifies dead organisms up to 100,000x and can show 3D images of the specimen.

Type of vesicle that is a digestive substance that breaks down bacteria and cells and recycles parts of the cell.

Movement of large particles out of the cell by using vesicles dropping them out.

Particles that makeup atoms. Most basic units of elements.

True or False? Endergonic reactions release energy and exergonic reactions absorb energy.

The following are polymers of which macromolecule? Fats, Oils, Phospholipids, Waxes, and Steroid hormones.

True or False? Other vesicles include peroxisomes, glyoxysomes, and endosomes.

What are the statements of the Cell Theory? (Choose all that apply.)

The scale used to measure the concentration of hydronium in a solution. 0(basic)-14(acidic).

The type of bond where an anion is attracted to the charge of a cation and electrons are either gained or lost.

Movement of large particles into the cell using energy.

True or False? Primary, Secondary, Tertiary, and Quaternary structures are structures of proteins.

True or False? Bridge Reaction is where the pyruvates are changed to continue. Takes place in the cytosol.

What is the first stage of cellular respiration and what is produced?

True or False? Thermal energy and chemical energy are forms of kinetic energy.

True or False? Smooth ER produces vesicles for the cell and Rough ER produces vesicles for outside the cell.

True or False? The cytoskeleton is made up of microtubules, microfilaments, and peroxisomes.

The microscope is used to observe small, dead organisms. Can magnify up to 250,000x. Uses beams of electrons.

This monk used a compound light microscope to observe pores in dead cork cells. Created the term: cell.

True or False? Taxonomy is the branch of biology that groups species using physical traits.

Which of the following are found in plants? (Choose all that apply.)

Chemically bound elements/atoms.

The random movement of particles across a plasma membrane.

True or False? An ion is an atom with a charge.

Type of osmotic solution where there is a higher concentration of solute inside the cell. Water will move inside.

The number of protons in an atom of a specific element.

True or False? Organic coenzymes and Inorganic cofactors are molecules that help lysosomes.

Control center of the cell. Has a membrane and produces genetic material and ribosomal subunits.

A transmembrane pore that allows a specific ion to diffuse across the membrane down its concentration gradient.

Controls the structure of the cell along with the movement of organelles.

The diffusion of water across a selectly permeable membrane.

The difference in the concentration of a solute between two regions (inside and outside the cell).

Requires two parents and produces genetically diverse offspring.

1st Type of microscope. Light passes through 2 lense to magnify 1000x. Things can be viewed alive.

Type of Osmotic solution where there is a lower concentration of solute inside the cell. Water will move out.

To be organic is to contain ____________.

The part of the cytoskeleton that keeps organelles in place and maintains the shape of the nuclear envelope.

True or False? Anabolic reactions break down and catabolic reactions build up.

Responsible for transporting substances throughout the cell in the form of vesicles.

C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ ---> 6CO₂ + 6H₂O

Diffusion of particles with no additional energy. Going down the concentration gradient.

True or False? The hierarchy is an atom-organelle-cell-tissue-organ-organ system.

True or False? Aqueous solutions are when water is the solvent of a solution.

A solution where there is a higher concentration of hydronium than hydroxide. H⁺ > OH^-.

Which of the following is the macromolecule with the correct elements involved?

True or False? The cytosol is the liquid that holds the organelles in the cytoplasm.

Receives vesicles from the ER and reprocesses them into new vesicles to send where it is required.

A specific substance on which an enzyme acts upon.

True or False? Valence electrons are in the innermost layer of the shell and never get transmitted.

The structure of an ATP molecule. (Choose three out of four.)

Which of the Following are Characteristics of Life?

True or False? The ER plus Golgi apparatus are a part of the endomembranes system.

True or False? In a solution, the solvent gets dissolved by the solute.

True or False? animals like isotonic solutions, plants like hypotonic solutions, and both like hypertonic solutions.

Diffusion that requires energy to move particles up the concentration gradient

Organelles that store water and other materials.

What says that species have evolved from a common ancestor and have adapted to their environments?

The following are the function for which macromolecule? Storage, Transport, Regulation, Movement, Structure, Reactions.

The tendency of an atom to take another atom's electrons. It's higher when the atom is close to filling the Octet rule.

Lowers activation energy. Biological catalyst.

True or False? Nonpolar bonds are electrons not shared equally, and polar bonds are electrons shared equally.

What factors limit cell size?

True or False? Centrioles help move chromosomes during cell division. Found only in plant cells.

A solution in which there is more solute than solvent.

The part of an enzyme where a substrate molecule binds to.

The study of energy transformation. Energy can change from one form to another but cannot be created or destroyed.

True or False? The energy in ATP is found in the bonds between the nitrogen bases.

The site of cellular respiration in the cell that produces energy in the form of ATP. Also has a membrane.

True or False? Proton(+). Neutron(-). Electron(⁰)

Biggest of the cytoskeleton and assists with the movement of the cell.

The type of bond where electrons are shared.

Which one is not a monomer of a macromolecule?

A reaction where polymers are separated back into monomers by adding water.

True or False? The microtubule cilia are the long and few in the cell, while flagella are small and numerous.

True or False? Schwann was a botanist.

Which of the following are Themes of Biology.

A reaction that forms polymers from monomers by removing water.

A testable explanation for a set of observations.

Atoms with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

The creators of the Cell Theory. (Choose the three that apply.)

A widely accepted idea that is broader in scope. Supported by a larger body of evidence.

Which of the following is not a macromolecule?

Something that speeds up a chemical reaction.

A homogeneous mixture of two or more substances.

The energy needed to be absorbed to begin a chemical reaction.

True or False? Cations are positively charged ions and anions are negatively charged ions.

The first person to see living celled organisms in pond scum.

True or False? Vacuoles are the packages produced by the Er and Golgi bodies.

True or False? Up the concentration gradient means to go from high to low concentration.

True or False? Metallic bonds are formed with free-moving protons and metal atoms.

The sum of all chemical reactions.

True or False? Active transport can occur through pumps such as the sodium/potassium pump.

Small, bead-like structures of the cytoskeleton.