Quarter 4 Benchmark Review

A mass of rock formed when a large body of magma cools inside the crust is called a

When many layers of thin, runny lava build up a high, level area, the result is a 

Using data from seismic waves, geologists have learned that Earth's interior is made of several

The most important factors in determining the rate of weathering are

Earth's mantle is

Volcanic belts form along

A collision between two pieces of continental crust at a colliding boundary produces a

Deltas are built up by

According to Wegener's hypothesis of continental drift,

Tall, cone-shaped mountains in which layers of lava alternate with layers of ash are called

A coastline turns and interrupts longshore drift, sand deposits in a fingerlike landfrom called

Landslides, mudflows, slump, and creep are all examples of

Holes drilled into Earth's crust provide evidence about Earth's interior in the form of

A wide sloping deposit of sediment formed where a stream leaves a mountain range is called a(n)

When you touch a hot pot or pan, energy moves from the pot to your hand. This is called

A rock made of iron becomes soft, crumbly, &reddish-brown. It has been chemically weathered by

The place where two plates come together is known as a 

The process by which the ocean floor sinks beneath a deep-ocean trench and back into the mantle

A river flows from an area of harder rock to softer rock which wears away, eventually forming a

Heat transfer within a fluid takes place by 

Geological theory that states that pieces of Earth's lithosphere are in constant slow motion

Mass movement is caused by

Most geologists think that the movement of Earth's plates is caused by

When groundwater heated by magma rises to the surface & collects in a natural pool, it's called

When the heat source is removed from a fluid, convection currents in the fluid will

The transfer of energy through empty space is called 

A force that acts on rock to change its shape or volume is called

As more water flows through a river, its speed will

A river flowing across a wide flood plain begins to form looplike bends called

A place where two plates slip past each other, moving in opposite directions, is known as a

The formation of the Hawaiian Islands is one example of

The volcanoes along colliding oceanic plate boundaries may form

How would a fast-flowing river be most likely to move sand-sized particles of sediment?

When ash, cinders, and bombs build up in a steep pile around a volcano's vent resulting in a

Which type of stress force produces reverse faults?

If waves erode the soft rock along the base of a steep coast, the result may eventually be a

What triggers the small earthquakes that occur around a volcano before an eruption?

Most earthquake-related deaths and injuries result from

Earth's inner core is 

Geologists infer from the rounded, eroded shapes of the Appalachian Mountains that

The risk of earthquakes is high along the Pacific coast of the United States because

In sea-floor spreading, molten material rises from the mantle and erupts

Geologists know that wherever plate movement stores energy in the rock along faults

Weathering in which rock is worn away by the grinding action of other rock particles is called

The huge hole left by the collapse of a volcanic mountain is called a 

The land between two normal faults moves upward to form a

When magma hardens in a volcano's pipe, the result will eventually be a landform called a

Most geologists rejected Alfred Wegener's idea of continental drift because

The main hazard from a quiet volcanic eruption is

In a strike-slip fault, rocks on either side slip past each other sideways with little

Which type of evidence was NOT used by Wegener to support his continental drift hypothesis?

A large area of flat land elevated high above sea level is called a

What kind of weathering causes the mineral composition of rocks to change?

A permeable rock weathers easily because it

Stress that pushes a mass of rock in two opposite directions is called

Scientists think that convection currents flow in Earth's

Magma that is forced across rock layers hardens into a 

The Earth's crust at Owens Valley in California is under tension, resulting in

Geologists obtain indirect evidence about Earth's interior by

The process by which natural forces move weathered rock and soil from one place to another is