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PS 212 Final Exam Review CR
PS 212 Final Exam Review CR
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1
A typical traditional Japanese family grave for ashes is a
haka
columbarium
spirit tablet
chaka
2
The type of counseling used specifically following an individual or community crisis is
situational counseling.
informational counseling.
directive counseling.
supportive counseling.
3
Structuring restful activities, physical activity, and stress management are suggestions for
alleviating stress.
decreasing mindfulness.
increasing stress.
decreasing productivity.
4
When a couple loses a child to death, ________________ represent a major source of relational conflict.
differences in values, beliefs, and expectations
differences in shopping and spending styles
in-law relationships
different understandings of the child's cause of death
5
The following quality is not helpful for funeral directors to display in arrangement interviews.
self-awareness and reflection
sincere attention to family expression
eagerness to demonstrate expertise and importance
genuine humility
6
Native American death songs
represent attempts to bargain with the gods to avoid death.
are used to transition the dead into their new roles.
are used in ancestor worship rituals.
summarize the story and values of the deceased's life.
7
All of the following are listed in the National Funeral Directors' Association's 4 funeral cost categories EXCEPT
memorialization
disposition
post-funeral intensive grief psychotherapy
funeral director costs (e.g., services, facilities, merchandise, etc.)
8
Introspection
referred to a method in which participants experienced sensory stimuli and then
shared their dreams from the previous night
expressed their feelings and impulses without censoring them
drew a picture
thought inwardly about their conscious experience
9
Relational conflicts, relationship importance, and cause of death can all affect
grief trajectories.
non-traditional funeral choices.
speed of probate.
arrangement interviews.
10
Being told that you may not have fast food and then wanting it even more is an example of
reaction formation.
subliminal persuasion.
reactance.
projection.
11
The process of deterioration in the body's systems and organs is
brain death.
cellular death.
electroencephalographic death
clinical decomposition
12
Most social science research is based on participants who are
elders from diverse backgrounds.
college students of color.
of East Asian ancestry.
White and middle-class.
13
Much of ancient Egyptians' focus in life was on
raging against death.
preparation for the afterlife.
serving ancestors.
debasing ancestors.
14
If you score high on the altruism trait on your personality inventory instrument, you may be likely to
give your seat on the subway to someone who needs it more
throw your coworker under the bus to serve your own interests
order the most expensive menu item when you're splitting the bill equally
spread gossip at work because you feel knowledgeable when you do so
15
Nirvana
means
utopia.
bliss.
retirement.
extinction.
16
Your therapist says that your negative interpretation of events is causing your depression; their theoretical view is
cognitive
humanistic
psychoanalytic
behavioral
17
When we use the behavioral technique of extinction, we can expect
intermittent, random decreases and increases in the undesired behavior.
an extinction burst where the undesired behavior increases & then stops.
rapid extinction of the behavior and then gradual recurrence.
immediate cessation of the undesired behavior.
18
Children experiencing family illness and/or death can take changes in this as warnings about future challenges.
family communication patterns
family routines
family meals
family outing patterns
19
All of the following behaviors will support families' developing trust in funeral directors EXCEPT
showing compassion.
playing an active role.
playing a passive role.
showing active wisdom and caring.
20
Kastenbaum's death system (people, places/contexts, times, objects, and symbols) functions to do all EXCEPT
dispose of the dead
make sense of death
deny that death is a part of life
prevent death
21
After experiencing a life-threatening hurricane, Samuel may overreact to future storms, consistent with
generalized anxiety disorder
psychotic disorder
post-traumatic stress disorder
mood disorder
22
Psychologists use all of the following methods to explore personality EXCEPT
horoscopes
structured interviews
case studies
psychological assessments
23
This theorist believed that we developed over the lifespan through a series of psychosocial crises.
Erik Erikson
Carl Rogers
Aaron Beck
Sigmund Freud
24
Developing this mindset will support funeral director mental health.
acceptance of their own imperfections
striving for perfection in all endeavors
ignoring the needs of others
avoiding all personal stressors
25
The Latin word
humare
, meaning this, became the root of the word "humanity."
to bury
to stand upright
to socialize
to cook
26
Learning a relaxation technique to associate with a phobia is the treatment called
exposure therapy.
systematic desensitization.
aversion therapy.
mindful conditioning.
27
Psychic maneuvers that may promote violence include all of the following EXCEPT
encouraging a person to believe that they are "above the law"
Encouraging a potential perpetrator to have empathy with intended victims
seeing oneself as worthless
perceiving people as objects/less than human
28
Nearing death, Selene looks back on her long life with satisfaction. She has resolved Erikson's psychosocial crisis of
integrity vs. despair
generativity vs. stagnation
identity vs. role confusion
intimacy vs. isolation
29
A behavior that is helpful when responding to a person/people in crisis is
asking lots of questions.
debating.
reflection.
making judgments.
30
In the mature understanding of death, universality refers to the fact that
death means that all life ceases.
death has clear and specific causes.
all living things die.
after dying, living things do not come back to life.
31
The study of global ethnic and indigenous health/illness beliefs is
prayer.
ethnomedicine.
expressive arts therapy.
bioenergetics.
32
Thrill-seeking behaviors may reflect
attempts to deny death anxiety.
cognitive distortions.
reactive attachment disorder.
negative self-talk.
33
"Any time anybody helps anybody with a problem" is
Van Beck's simple definition of counseling.
Beck's simple definition of cognitive therapy.
Freud's simple definition of psychoanalysis.
Rogers' simple definition of person-centered therapy.
34
Our text says that some Native Americans signify mourning by
cutting their own hair short.
eating ceremonial feast foods.
burying beloved clothing.
fasting for 4 days.
35
An undesirable way to start a sentence in an arrangement interview is
"How does that sound to you?"
"If I were you."
"What do you think?"
"Something that has worked for some people is."
36
Kellehear's idea of the compassionate city includes all of the following EXCEPT
a focus on the needs of elders, bereaved, & those with serious illnesses
a commitment to spiritual and storytelling traditions
a strong commitment to social and cultural differences
a closed circle of safety and support that prohibits outside interference
37
A special kind of bodily existence with symbolic or spiritual meaning
is our text's definition of
reincarnation.
regular church attendance.
fetal development.
resurrection.
38
People who have near-death experiences report
taking a pilgrimage to an afterlife shrine.
visiting the underworld.
leaving the body.
an altered sense of self-esteem.
39
Sociological thanatology does NOT focus on
mechanisms and forensic practices
cultural rituals
pain and symptom control
social interactions
40
Grief counseling has all of the objectives listed below EXCEPT
functioning better on the daily level.
avoiding all feelings connected to the loss.
exploring thoughts and feelings connected to the loss.
gaining insight.
41
All of the emotional, physical, and behavioral reactions to the death of a loved one are termed collectively
shock.
bereavement.
mourning.
grief.
42
One mandate of hospice programs is to
provide follow-up bereavement services
offer alternative treatment options
prescribe the right way to die
provide family financial services
43
Kubler-Ross said that people with terminal prognoses experienced all of the following EXCEPT
belief.
acceptance.
bargaining.
denial.
44
Referring to funerals as "homegoings," seeing death as a transition, and seeing a holistic life/death cycle are parts of
traditional Irish rituals meaningful for Irish-Americans today
traditional Italian rituals meaningful for Italian-Americans today
traditional Chinese rituals meaningful for Chinese-Americans today
traditional West African rituals meaningful for African-Americans today
45
Disenfranchised grief relates to
losses that do not fit with our cognitive schemas.
losses that happen when we are not at home.
losses that do not happen at fast food establishments.
losses that are not socially acknowledged or supported by ritual.
46
Freud used the term "unconscious" to refer to
thoughts and feelings of which we are aware
thoughts and feelings of which we are not aware
negative self-talk
our lifetime history of conditioning
47
The choice that is not a characteristic of a helping funeral director is
empathy.
asking too many questions.
warmth.
genuineness.
48
Sharing the story of a loss achieves all of the following EXCEPT
promotes the search for meaning
encourages ongoing mourning after the funeral
provides emotional relief
brings people together in mutual support
49
Which statement reflects the "slippery slope" or "wedge" argument?
Legalizing voluntary euthanasia would lead to involuntary euthanasia.
Euthanasia is contrary to the Hippocratic Oath.
Euthanasia is wrong ethically because medical diagnoses are not infallible.
Legalizing euthanasia creates a burden on the judiciary system.
50
The correct developmental sequence of Piaget's stages of cognitive development:
preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational, sensorimotor
concrete operational, formal operational, sensorimotor, preoperational
sensorimotor, formal operational, concrete operational, preoperational
sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational
51
The type of suicide by which a person expresses their ultimate commitment to a moral principle is
fatalistic suicide.
anomic suicide.
egoistic suicide.
altruistic suicide.
52
The term that Erik Erikson used to describe human developmental stages:
psychoanalytic crises
existential crises
sociobiological crises
psychosocial crises
53
When discussing death with a child, it is important to
give an honest explanation using language that the child can understand.
be as vague as possible so that the child does not feel anxious.
use euphemisms so that the child will not worry.
avoid talking about it unless it becomes a crisis.
54
"Hush, Little Baby" and "Rock-a-Bye, Baby" are examples in English of the worldwide history of focusing on death in
nursery rhymes
eulogies
dance tunes
lullabies
55
The goal of psychoanalysis is to
repress maladaptive thoughts, feelings, and impulses
transfer thoughts, feelings, and impulses onto the psychoanalyst
bring unconscious thoughts, feelings, and impulses into conscious awareness
support the acting out of unconscious thoughts, feelings, and impulses
56
Death awareness adds dimension to life by reminding us about
life's precious, fragile nature.
our histories and heritages.
things that we have left undone.
the fact that family is everything.
57
The type of suicide associated with people who are disenfranchised or not well integrated into society is
altruistic suicide.
anomic suicide.
fatalistic suicide.
egoistic suicide.
58
Paraphrasing is
using your own words to show families that you understood what they said.
using leading questions to support families' making good choices.
asking questions about what the family said.
listening actively to the family's expressions.
59
Critical Incident Stress Management (CISM) relates to
intervention after traumatic occurrences
a goal of the Homeland Security Department
hospital triage
emergency room personnel management
60
Kastenbaum's concept of "the good death" includes all of the following EXCEPT
an ending to the long, contemplative journey
affirmation of significant personal relationships
a transfiguring experience enacting high values
the coherent final phase of a good life
61
All of the following are included in Van Beck's list of the Six Logical Steps of the funeral EXCEPT
notification of the event.
the farewell ritual.
the event of the death.
legal problems connected to probate.
62
Couples with this attraction factor are less likely to divorce than couples without it.
emotional intelligence
similarity
difference
reinforcement
63
This person is believed in many traditional societies to have access to and influence in the spirit world.
shaman
necroman
doula
soothsayer
64
Messages seem to result in the greatest attitude change when they
are identical to our existing beliefs.
are diametrically opposed to our existing beliefs.
differ dramatically from our existing beliefs.
do not differ much from our existing beliefs.
65
When a turtle joined the goldfish, Shari had to revise her existing view of aquarium inhabitants. Piaget called this
accommodation
assimilation
object permanence
conservation
66
Joey attends church every Sunday so his neighbors will see him as a good Christian, consistent with Kohlberg's
postconventional stage of moral development
preconventional stage of moral development
conventional stage of moral development
self-centered stage of moral development
67
Using our existing internal and external resources to solve new problems that we have never seen before is
crystallized intelligence
emotional intelligence
emotional IQ
fluid intelligence
68
Benjamin Rush introduced this therapeutic approach to the US.
moral therapy
rational-emotive behavior therapy
cognitive-behavioral therapy
psychoanalysis
69
Circumstances that may be likely to contribute to complicated grief for an adolescent include
a car crash killing members of the high school football team
death of a distant relative whom the bereaved met once over a decade ago
death of a great-grandparent of natural causes at age 103
death of the elderly former mayor of a nearby town
70
Death of a sibling is particularly likely to cause questions about life/death, good/evil, and the meaning of life in
adolescents.
elders.
young children.
young adults.
71
The psychoanalytic technique of free association involves
getting a bonus session at the conclusion of each quarter.
sharing thoughts, feelings, images without censoring them.
hanging out with a diverse crowd and sharing about it in therapy.
joining a local group of psychoanalysis patients to share experiences.
72
Suicide seen as a way to escape intolerable torment and desperation in life is
preemptive suicide.
fatalistic suicide.
anomic suicide.
surcease suicide.
73
Bandura said that verbal persuasion, or telling someone that they are capable, can help them believe in their own
positive reinforcement
positive self-talk
reemergence
self-efficacy
74
The term "life span" refers to
theoretical projected life length based on optimal circumstances
theoretical projected genetic lifelong tendencies
theoretical projection of healthy years of life
Ayurvedic body type
75
A vault or building often near a church where human skeletal remains were stored was a
charnel house
morgue
medical examiner's office
attic
76
We are more likely to be persuaded when we see the source of the persuasion as
authoritative, officious, and intimidating
expert, attractive, and trustworthy
expert, authoritative, and intimidating
officious, intimidating, and authoritarian
77
9-year-old Leila understands that 2 differently-sized bottles can hold equal amounts, reflecting Piaget's
formal operational stage of cognitive development
concrete operational stage of cognitive development
sensorimotor stage of cognitive development
preoperational stage of cognitive development
78
A notice of a person's death that typically includes a biography and information about survivors is a(n)
online memorial
memo
eulogy
obituary
79
The cognitive perspective focuses on
emotions
thinking
culture
physiology
80
In order to deal with stress, it is important to be able to
avoid focusing on signs of personal burnout.
complete all tasks yourself to make sure that they are done right.
avoid sharing your concerns with others.
delegate responsibility and authority.
81
Sandy has only drawn with crayons. When she gets her first pencil, she draws with it the same way, illustrating Piaget's
concept of conservation
concept of object permanence
concept of accommodation
concept of assimilation
82
All of the following may decrease a funeral director's ability to deal with their own grief EXCEPT
handling an especially challenging death.
having personal unresolved loss challenges come up.
handling a loss similar to one that they have experienced.
doing the ongoing work to process their own history of grief and mourning.
83
After her 1st day of kindergarten, Tonya can name her classroom number and her teacher's name, in line with Piaget's
concrete operational cognitive developmental stage
preoperational cognitive developmental stage
sensorimotor cognitive developmental stage
formal operational cognitive developmental stage
84
The country that spends more on health care than any other industrialized country is
Belgium
Japan
Sweden
the United States.
85
10-year-old Richie bullies Joana, a classmate on whom he has a crush. Freud would call this behavior
projection
reaction formation
sublimation
displacement
86
Another term for (informed) consent for a certain treatment is
inquiry.
rebuttal.
50% risk rule.
assent.
87
The Piagetian stage in which young children explore the world through their mouths and their fine and gross motor skills
formal operational
sensorimotor
preoperational
concrete operational
88
Excess black bile was believed to lead to depression in the theory of
Skinner
Freud
Rogers
Hippocrates
89
Abraham Maslow considered all of the following historical figures to have attained self-actualization EXCEPT
George H. W. Bush
Albert Schweitzer
Abraham Lincoln
Eleanor Roosevelt
90
When a funeral director talks too much, they are not able to
show their expertise.
listen.
provide enough information.
share their own experiences.
91
Another term used for
personalized funerals
is
aqua funerals
life-centered funerals
ego funerals
green funerals
92
Restlessness and/or mental activity are characteristic of the
intuitive (affective) style of grieving
consonant grieving style
instrumental (linear) style of grieving
dissonant grieving style
93
Circumstances that can lead to traumatic reactions include
connectedness to spirit.
creative group problem-solving.
war and physical assault.
trust in social institutions.
94
Cremation is preferred over interment by
Islam.
Buddhism.
Christianity.
Judaism.
95
Musical expressions related to death include all EXCEPT
keening
lament
ode
dirge
96
Treatment options considered by the medical establishment to be unproven and/or potentially harmful are called
unorthodox therapies.
complementary therapies.
bioenergetics.
curanderismo.
97
Your counselor focuses on your psychological strengths and your resilience, consistent with
behavioral psychology
psychoanalysis
positive psychology
cognitive-behavioral psychology
98
If someone dies intestate (without a will), their property will be distributed based on
family wishes.
state law.
spousal requests.
federal rules.
99
All of the following are stages of the general adaptation syndrome EXCEPT
alarm
exhaustion
termination
resistance
100
You have difficulty coping with stress, meeting goals, and managing anxiety, consistent with the Big Five trait of
neuroticism
agreeableness
extraversion
openness to experience