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Duplicate of AP Psychology - AP Exam Review Flashcards | StudBud
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Duplicate of AP Psychology - AP Exam Review
Duplicate of AP Psychology - AP Exam Review
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A basic review over all material covered in AP Psychology used to prepare for the AP Exam.
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Answers
1
What is cognitive dissonance?
feeling of discomfort experienced by receivers of persuasion
feelings of guilt produced by acting against your conscience
occurs only when cognitions are unrelated
a state of tension produced by inconsistent cognitions
2
Expectations about what is appropriate behavior for each sex most accurately describes...
gender stereotypes
gender differences
gender behaviors
gender roles
3
The superego is Freud's term for...
the moral component of personality
the mediating agent between the id and ego
the conscious aspect of personality
the biological impulses that drive behavior
4
If Jane used an external attribution to explain why her son got into a fight, she would say...
he can't help himself since he doesn't have self-control
he always gets in fights
he's just like his father
the other boy started it and he was defending himself
5
In the Little Albert experiment, the conditioned stimulus was the...
loud noise
rabbit
rat
fear reaction
6
Multiple-choice tests use what measure of memory?
recognition
relearning
recall
reiteration
7
Framing refers to...
presenting only part of the information required
presenting irrelevant information
how alternatives in a decision problem are presented
structuring decision problems so they lead to poor decisions
8
What is not a characteristic of groupthink?
censoring dissent from group members
dividing the world into the ingroup & outgroup
censoring information that contradicts the group's views
gathering all the relevant information (pros & cons)
9
The sensory receptors for smell are referred to as...
smell buds
sciatic receptors
gustatory bulbs
olfactory cilia
10
PTSD is an example of what kind of disorder?
anxiety
personality
schizophrenic
mood
11
Inferences that people draw about the causes of their and other's behavior are known as..
stereotypes
self-serving bias
prejudices
attributions
12
Putting group goals ahead of personal goals & defining one's identity in terms of the group is
collectivism
attributionism
functionalism
individualism
13
The gate-control theory suggests that incoming pain sensations may be blocked at the...
spinal cord
thalamus
location of injury
cortex
14
A rat learns to press a bar to turn off an electric shock. This is an example of...
avoidance learning
an unconditioned response
escape learning
positive reinforcement
15
The process of pushing distressing thoughts into the unconscious and keeping them there is...
repression
avoidance
suppression
neurogenic amnesia
16
Aggression is often a behavioral response to stressors involving...
change
conflict
frustration
pressure
17
Prejudice is to discrimination as...
behavior is to motive
feeling is to thinking
thought is to perception
attitude is to action
18
The process of selectively reinforcing responses that are closer to the desired response is..
shaping
selection
step-wise conditioning
stimulus discrimination
19
The fundamental attribution error leads observers to attribute crime in poor neighborhoods to..
job discrimination experienced by the residents
crowded living conditions
poor police protection
the personal qualities of the residents
20
Focusing awareness on a narrowed range of stimuli or events defines...
perception
processing
attention
sensation
21
The ability to rapidly process words in reading depends most on...
top-down processing
bottom-up processing
lateral processing
bottom-to-top processing
22
The hypothalamus communicates with the endocrine system by way of the..
pituitary gland
thyroid gland
pancreas
sebaceous gland
23
The deepest level of processing which involves emphasizing the meaning of words is known as...
the triarchic level of encoding
attention encoding
the semantic level of encoding
dyadic encoding
24
Which of the following statements is the best example of telegraphic speech?
i wanted a cookie
cookie
give cookie
I eated a cookie
25
Tension reduction is the goal of which motivational theory?
incentive theory
drive theory
evolutionary theory
instinct theory
26
The test you are currently taking is an example of what kind of test?
an achievement test
a personality test
an intelligence test
an aptitude test
27
Reliability refers to the _______ of a measuring device, such as a test.
accuracy of inference
representativeness
predictability
consistency
28
A person who loses memories of events that occur following a head injury is experiencing...
anterograde amnesia
pseudoforgetting
retrograde amnesia
retroactive interference
29
Negative reinforcement involves...
the presentation of an unpleasant stimulus
the presentation of a pleasant stimulus
the removal of a pleasant stimulus
the removal of an unpleasant stimulus
30
Cultural norms that determine which facial expressions are appropriate for what occasions are..
investment differentiations
display rules
social scripts
parental investments
31
Which of the following is not one of the intelligence types described by Gardner?
spatial
musical
mechanical
logical-mathemathical
32
According to the notion of semantic networks, which word pair should be linked most closely?
fill-feed
car-nose
tree-bird
boat-goat
33
What kind of validity do the ACT and SAT strive for?
absolute
criterion-related
construct
content
34
A person who perceives stimuli that aren't there is said to have...
hallucinations
illusions
obsessions
delusions
35
Voluntary responses come to be controlled by their consequences in what type of learning?
classical conditioning
operant conditioning
observational learning
reinforcement
36
Homeostasis is a state of...
physiological stability
psychological stability
physiological instability
psychological instability
37
The structure of the ear that transduces sound vibrations into nerve impulses is the...
oval window
stirrup
temporal lobe
cochlea
38
Alice has a dog phobia, and is being told to completely relax and imagine a dog. This is...
systematic desensitization
avoidance therapy
aversion therapy
psychotherapy
39
A drug that depresses central nervous system activity is referred to as...
a hallucinogen
an amphetamine
a narcotic
a sedative
40
Which type of intelligence involves the ability to apply acquired knowledge in problem solving?
episodic
crystallized
procedural
fluid
41
If a psychological test intends to tell you how you score relative to others, they must develop
test scores
test norms
test levels
test scales
42
At which stage do people use a personal code of ethics to guide their moral reasoning?
conventional
concrete
postconventional
preconventional
43
A student's organized set of expectations on how a professor should act is an example of a..
script
chunk
schema
semantic network
44
When a choice must be made between two unattractive goals, you are experiencing...
an approach-approach conflict
an approach-avoidance conflict
a risk-aversion conflict
an avoidance-avoidance conflict
45
Diffusion of responsibility refers to the...
halo effect in aggression
loss of identity one experiences in mob violence
basis for performing pro-social behavior
assumption others will take responsibility;bystander effect
46
The most optimistic view of human nature is found in the ________ approach.
psychoanalytic
humanistic
cognitive
behavioral
47
Failure to actively seek out contrary evidence may lead to...
the conjunction fallacy
the confirmation bias
the gambler's fallacy
overestimating the improbable
48
The decrease in individual effort exerted by group members when working together on a task is..
group polarization
conformity
deindividuation
social loafing
49
Unusually vivid and detailed recollections of momentous events are called...
episodic memories
sensory memories
non-declarative memories
flashbulb memories
50
In Pavlov's experiment, the unconditioned stimulus was the...
tone
light
salivation
food/meat powder
51
Learning that is not apparent from behavior when it first occurs is known as...
insight learning
operant conditioning
latent learning
classical conditioning
52
In which level of processing is an emphasis placed on the sounds of words?
phonemic
platonic
morphemic
mnemonic
53
The largely unconscious reactions used to protect us from guilt and anxiety are known as...
offense mechanisms
coping mechanisms
id mechanisms
defense mechanisms
54
You see a female VP being pushy/aggressive, and then assume all female VPs are this way, which
a self-serving attribution
a heuristic observation
a contravened stereotype
demonstrates an illusory correlation
55
Depression is an example of a _____ mood disorder.
unipolar
dissociative
bipolar
cyclical
56
Classical conditioning could account for how a child learns to...
print letters
tie shoe laces
sing a song
fear the dark
57
According to the five-factor model, people who score _____ tend to be trusting and cooperative.
high in neuroticism
high in agreeableness
low in openness
low in extraversion
58
Yielding to real or imagined social pressure defines...
groupthink
obedience
conformity
cognitive dissonance
59
Which of the following disorders/issues would be least likely to be treated by a psychiatrist?
marital problems
schizophrenia
bipolar disorder
anxiety disorders
60
Severing the reticular formation in cats caused them to
become aggressive
remain in continuous sleep
remain in continuous wakefulness
become fearful/cautious
61
Jay used to say "mikk", but now says "milk" properly, meaning he has made gains in the use of..
linguistic heuristics
phonemes
morphemes
syntax
62
According to the James-Lange theory, one's conscious experience of emotion occurs..
after autonomic arousal
independently of autonomic arousal
simultaneously with autonomic arousal
before autonomic arousal
63
When people overestimate the frequency of violent crimes because these events are on TV, they..
are using the representativeness heuristic
use the elimination by aspects strategy
use a holistic decision model
are using the availability heuristic
64
A father suggests that his son's low marks are due to the child's laziness. He has made...
an external attribution
a distinctive attribution
an internal attribution
a situational attribution
65
Cohort effects are most closely associated with which research design?
longitundinal
sequential
cross-sectional
time of testing
66
The amygdala plays a role in the modulation of which emotion?
happiness
fear
sadness
surprise
67
A valid test is one that...
is consistent
has been standardized but not normed
measures what it is supposed to measure
is reliable
68
If a teacher gives an exam with questions that were not covered in class, the test lacks..
criterion-related validity
predictive validity
standardized validity
content validity
69
The characteristic mood, activity level, and emotional reactivity of an infant is their...
behavioral quality
attachment
personality
temperament
70
Widely held beliefs about groups of people based on their group membership defines...
cultural direction
cognitive structuring
stereotypes
schematizing
71
Rehearsal is most beneficial for maintaining information in _______ memory.
intermediate-term
short-term
long-term
sensory
72
Potty training is a key challenge in which of Erikson's stages of development?
autonomy vs. shame & doubt
trust vs. mistrust
industry vs. inferiority
initiative vs. guilt
73
Which of the following is a mood disorder?
fugue
panic disorder
bipolar disorder
conversion disorder
74
According to the medical model...
all mental illnesses can be treated using drugs
all mental illnesses are caused by biological factors
all physical illnesses have a psychological component
abnormal behavior can be thought of as a disease
75
The idea that we should pay back in kind what we receive from others is known as the..
the principle of collectivism
the law of cognitive dissonance
display rules
the reciprocity norm
76
The gradual disappearance of an operant response that is no longer being reinforced is called..
unconditioning
extinction
conditioned forgetting
spontaneous remission
77
Dave washes his hands 50 times a day, even when they're not dirty. This is an example of..
a delusion
a compulsion
an obsession
a phobia
78
Sleep spindles are characteristic of which stage of the sleep cycle?
stage 1
stage 2
stage 4
REM
79
A perceptual set implies that...
feature analysis is a "hard-wired" process
the focused-attention stage of processing is overridden
visual perception is based on bottom-up processing
people often see what they expect to see
80
A worker who is paid every Friday for completing his 40-hour work week is being paid on a...
fixed-interval schedule
variable-ratio schedule
variable-interval schedule
fixed-ratio schedule
81
Substances such as viruses and drugs that can harm a developing fetus are known as...
prenatals
teratogens
pathogens
opiates
82
The minimum stimulus intensity of any sensory input that an organism can detect is called the..
absolute threshold
sensory memory
subliminal threshold
just noticeable difference
83
We often perceive a series of dots as a "solid" line because of the Gestalt principle of...
closure
constancy
symmetry
similiarity
84
Most explanations for the Flynn effect revolve around...
genetic influences on IQ
changes in testing procedures
a variety of environmental factors
group differences in basic intelligence
85
Slot machines increase gambling behavior through the use of...
an intermittent reinforcement schedule
a continuous reinforcement schedule
a short-delay reinforcement schedule
a non-contingent reinforcement schedule
86
During the sensorimotor stage of cognitive development, a child experiences the world through..
abstract operations
logical reasoning
physical interaction
systematic hypothesis testing
87
If two sounds vary in frequency they are perceived as differing in...
loudness
timbre
pitch
decibels
88
In Milgram's study of obedience, subjects...
indicated which of 3 lines matched the "standard line"
became the recipient of painful electric shocks
were ordered to deliver painful shocks to a stranger
were put into a simulated prison
89
What is somnambulism?
difficulty remaining asleep
sleep-talking
sleep-walking
difficulty breathing when asleep
90
The assumption of a preoperational child that a car is moving because she is in it demonstrates
centration
reversibility
conservation
egocentrism
91
What appears to be responsible for regulating circadian rhythm?
cultural practices
amount of time awake
amount of time alseep
exposure to light
92
The last are of the brain to fully mature in late adolescence or early adulthood is the...
occipital cortex
prefrontal cortex
medulla
hypothalamus
93
If a dog salivates to a blue light but not a yellow light, the dog is demonstrating...
spontaneous recovery
conditioned emotional reactions
stimulus generalization
stimulus discrimination
94
In order for a memory to be stored, it must first be..
encoded
modeled
ablated
retrieved
95
A personality measure that asks you to respond freely to an ambiguous stimulus (ex. inkblot) is
a behavior rating
a deceptive test
a projective test
a self-report inventory
96
Which of the following is not a characteristic of antisocial personality disorder?
excessive guilt
social charm
aggressiveness
manipulative behavior
97
Which statistical method is used to determine the reliability of a test?
correlation coefficients
percentiles
means
standard deviation
98
Mary Ainsworth's strategy for studying infant attachment is known as the __________ procedure.
strange situation
secure-avoidant
attachment probing
shared inhibition
99
Conditioned taste aversions represent an unusual or atypical example of...
operant conditioning
punishment
classical conditioning
observational learning
100
The Binet-Simon scale of intelligence expressed a child's score in terms of...
IQ
mental age
a percentile score
a potential score
