Semester 1 Review 2022

If you feel that you have control over what takes place in your life you have an

Distribution of subjects in experiment i/w each has equal chance of being assigned to any group

Support for a particular viewpoint through the use of personal (and frequently vivid) stories

According to Skinner people learn on the basis of patterns of

A condition or event that an experimenter manipulates in order to observe its impact

Research on children viewing violence on TV is related to their own aggressive behavior in that

The variable that results from the manipulation in an experiment

What type of learning would mirror neurons be used to explain?

The arithmetic average

Which of the following statements is an example of learned helplessness?

The group in an experiment that is exposed to manipulation of the independent variable

Exists when a sample is not representative of the population from which it was drawn

Research strategy i/w neither subjects nor experimenters know which condition subjects are in

Youre trained to react to a bell but every time you hear a specific bell you react differently

Precisely defines ea. variable in study in terms of operations needed to produce/measure them

teaching small individual steps toward the desired behavior is called

The group in an experiment that is not exposed to manipulation of the independent variable

The spread or dispersion of data, including the extent to which scores vary from the mean

In Bandura’s Bobo Doll experiment, he demonstrated

Which is NOT a schedule of Reinforcement?

Albert Bandura contends that most human behavior

The fact that learning can occur without reinforcement is demonstrated by studies of

Who coined the term 'Behaviorism?'

Descriptive statistic & measure of central tendency; exact halfway point of data distribution

Which of the following is innate, or does not need to be taught behavior

Which of the following is an example of Positive Reinforcement?

According to Thorndike’s Law of Effect, when responses are followed by something unpleasant

A statistical procedure that combines the results of many studies

The tendency to answer questions about oneself in a socially approved manner

In Pavlov's experiment with dogs, which of the following represents the Unconditioned Stimulus.

Occurs when a researcher's expectations influence the results of a study

Rewarding incremental movement/behavior in order to gain the desired response is known as

Two stimuli are linked together to produce a new learned response in a person or animal

Go to see a movie. 10 mins in, you decide it's the worst & get up and walk out. Consequence?

Which is a secondary reinforcer

Occurs when an extraneous variable makes it difficult to sort out the effects of the IV

A system of interrelated ideas used to explain a set of observations

What type of learning involves modeling, where people watch and mimic the behavior of others?

A child asks when Christmas is everyday until Christmas, when will the parents get relief?

An in-depth, generally subjective, investigation of an individual subject

Toddlers taught to fear speeding cars may also begin to fear speeding trucks and motorcycles. 

When you use the can opener the cat comes to the kitchen. What is the conditioned stimulus?

After repeating pairing a US with a NS, the Cs comes to elicit a

the ability to control impulses and delay short-term gratification for greater long-term rewards

Famous Behaviorist who developed observational learned theory

Variable Ratio, Fixed Ratio, Variable Interval, and Fixed Interval are all forms of?

SLT research on vicarious reinforcement and punishment, we are especially likely to learn from people

The behavioral view of learning emphasizes

Research method in which IVs are manipulated and which permits causal interpretation

A measure of variability in data

Ivan Pavlov worked with which kind of conditioning?

Which theorists had a big role in behaviorism?

Famous Behaviorist who developed observational learned theory

The desire to engage in an activity for the sake of its own enjoyment involves

Social learning theory is..

Parents giving their child a dollar for every A grade is an example of...

The score that occurs most frequently

After repeatedly presenting the CS without the US, the CR will gradually disappear.

Judgment inferred from statistics that probability of observed findings occurring b/chance= low

the perception that chance or outside forces beyond your personal control determine your fate.

Once extinction has occurred, the CR may return if the US and CS are combined again.

A larger group from which a sample is drawn and to which the researcher wishes to generalize

In ____, a response is strengthened in order to avoid something unpleasant.

A tentative statement about the expected relationship between two or three variables

Prosocial Behavior is?

Any variables other than the IVs that seem likely to influence the DV in an experiment

Riley can get up from the dinner table when she eats 2 bites of her broccoli.

Jimmy was frightened by a barking dog. For the next few months, he was afraid around that dog.

Youre trained to react when you hear any bell now every time you hear a bell you react the same

Jeremy wears his baseball cap backwards because he noticed his older brother doing it...

The statistic that indicates the degree and direction of relationship between variables

Statistical procedures used to interpret data in an experiment and draw generalization conclusions

Purchasing scratchers lottery tickets is reinforced with monetary winnings on a _____ schedule.

A link or association between variables such that one can be predicted from the other

Resistance to extinction is most strongly encouraged by which schedule of _____ reinforcement?

Which is a primary reinforcer

Students are released from class when the end-of-period bell rings. Schedule of reinforcement?

Getting a cookie for going to the Cram & Cookie session is what type of consequence.

In Pavlov’s experiment, the dog’s salivation to the bell is the

Getting grounded because you came home past curfew. What type of consequence?

By pushing vending machine buttons, children learn this action is associated with delivery of a candy bar. 

Youre trained to react to a bell sound but you also react the same for a symbol

What is variable interval schedule?

in classical conditioning, the __ elicits a __

What is latent learning?

It's easier to train a dog to bark for food than to stand on its hind legs for food--why?

You run into a pole while texting. What type of Consequence

Buy a tea you get your card punched; after 10 teas you get a free one. Schedule type?

Effects that occur when subjects experience change due to expectations (or to "fake" treatment)

The tendency, for stimuli similar to the conditioned stimuli to trigger similar responses...