stud
bud
Sign up
Log in
Home
Library
Explore
SAT
More
[PSY314] Social Psychology Exam 1 Flashcards | StudBud
Explore
/
[PSY314] Social Psychology Exam 1
[PSY314] Social Psychology Exam 1
104 terms
·
StudBud Administration
·
20 plays
#psy314
Flashcards
104 cards
F
Practice quiz
P
Host live
L
Questions
104
Answers
1
Which thinking style do those who grew up in East Asian cultures typically have?
Holistic thinking style
Analytic thinking style
2
How people select, interpret, remember, and use social information to make judgements/decisions
Hindsight effect
Social cognition
Construal
Social psychology
3
Construal is ...
People's evaluations of their own self-worth
An attempt to explain social psychology in terms of genetics
The conviction that we perceive things "as they really are"
How you perceive, comprehend, and interpret the social world
4
Which of the following involves the
least
amount of automatic thinking?
Using metaphors about the body to make judgements
Self-fulfilling prophecies
Acting according to goals that have been primed
Counterfactual reasoning
5
Which of the following is
not
one of the six known universal emotional expressions?
Embarrassment
Sadness
Anger
Disgust
6
Which of the following is a basic assumption that social psychologists make?
It is hard to study effects because everyone is different
Many social problems can be studied scientifically
We will never know why social problems occur
7
Who of the following individuals is most likely to make a self-serving attribution?
Maria, a baseball player who has won multiple championships
Rory, a golfer in the early stages of his career
Alex, a basketball player who has played since he was young
Roger, a pro tennis player with over a decade of experience
8
The overall set of beliefs that people have about their personal attributes is ...
Internal knowledge
Self-concept
Self-familiarity
Self-esteem
9
Impression management is ...
doing introspection to analyze one's impression of someone
ensuring our impressions of others are unbiased
the attempt by people to control how others see them
10
What judgmental heuristic is being used if you guess a student at UKY is from Kentucky?
Representativeness heuristic
Base rate information
Availability heuristic
11
The study of how we form impressions of and make inferences about other people
Communiology
Sociology
Social perception
Ethnography
12
People's specific plans about where, when, and how they'll fulfill a goal and avoid temptation
Self-control
Restriction-planning method
Implementation intentions
Goal tuning
13
Which of the following is the best example of a task-contingent reward?
A basketball team wins a game because they had more points
A girl receives a metal for coming in first in gymnastics
A kid receives a participation award for being on swim team
A dog receives a treat for doing tricks correctly
14
Crediting one's success to internal factors and one's failure to external factors
Internal-External Bias
Performance Attribution
Self-Serving Attributions
Double Standard Attribution Effect
15
Which of these is
not
an example of the observational method?
All of these use the observational method
Ethnography
Surveys
Archival analysis
16
Which of the following statements best illustrates self-perception theory?
"I get a warm feeling inside when I hear my favorite songs."
"I might not know why, but I know what I like."
"I often don't know what I like until I see what I do."
"I like classical music because my wife always plays it."
17
Which of these is
not
an example of upward social comparison?
Comparing your instagram followers to Selena Gomez's
Comparing your wealth to Bill Gates's wealth
Comparing your responsibility to a 13 year old's
Comparing your swimming skills to Michael Phelps
18
First making an automatic internal attribution
then
thinking about possible situational reasons
Corrective Attribution Process
Two-Step Attribution Process
Internal-External Attribution
Perpetual Salience
19
In social psychology, why is construal so important?
People realize that other people see things the way they do
Behavior is determined by one's objective circumstances
People are aware of their biases in perceiving events
Behavior is affected by one's interpretation of events
20
The seeming importance of information that is the focus of people's attention
Fundamental Importance Effect
Perpetual salience
Attribution of focus
Consensus information
21
The two-step process of attribution suggests that ...
Americans commonly commit the fundamental attribution error
1)Internal attribution 2)Correct for situational influence
If attribution process is interrupted no attribution is made
1)External attribution 2)Correct for dispositional influence
22
A method in which a researcher examines the accumulated documents of a culture
Construal
Ethnography
Archival analysis
Correlational method
23
Which of these is
least
likely to pass the "mirror" test, suggesting some self-concept?
An orangutan
A chimpanzee
A 3-year-old human child
A 12-month-old human infant
24
What was the main contribution of Gestalt psychology to social psychology?
It added an understanding of how the brain works
It showed that the whole is larger than the sum of its parts
It emphasized how people perceived the physical world
It added historical perspective to the study of behavior
25
Information about the frequency of members of different categories in the population is ...
Base rate information
Applied research
Representativeness information
Cover story
26
A fixed mindset is the idea that ...
opinions cannot easily be changed once they are formed
achievements are the result of hard work and strategizing
those raised in one culture cannot adopt another culture
we have a fixed amount of an ability that cannot change
27
Which of the following is the best way to increase external validity of a study?
Make sure you have at least two dependent variables
Conduct the study in the laboratory instead of the field
Make sure it is low in psychological realism
Replicate the study with a different population and setting
28
Thinking that the findings of a study are obvious and predictable is an example of ...
internal validity
psychological realism
external validity
the hindsight bias
29
Which of the following is true about social psychological findings?
They sometimes seem obvious after we learn about them
Most people could easily predict them in advance of knowing
30
The idea that people evaluate and compare their behavior to their internal standards and values
Independent view of the self
Self-awareness theory
Introspection
Self-concept
31
Which of these topics would most interest a social psychologist?
How levels of extraversion affected views of presidents
What passers-by on the street think of global warming
The extent to which peoples' social class predicts income
How one's peer group affects likeliness to cheat on a test
32
Ann gets a better participation grade when she sits by the prof's podium. This is most like ...
the teacher's construal
perceptual salience
the teacher's use of schemas
the two-step process of attribution
33
A growth mindset is the idea that ...
achievement is the result of hard work and strategizing
as we grow up, our experiences shape our future mindset
we have a set amount of an ability that can eventually grow
anyone can continually develop new personality traits
34
A psychologist joins a local commune to observe its members' social relationships. This is ...
an experiment
applied research
cross-cultural research
ethnography
35
What is the "level of analysis" for a social psychologist?
A person's level of achievement
A person's level of reasoning
The social situation itself
The individual in the context of a social situation
36
Which of the following is
not
a way in which schemas can become accessible in people's minds?
Schemas can become temporarily accessible because of priming
Schemas can be accessible because of people's experiences
They can be accessible if they relate to our current goals
The more negative a schema is, typically the more accessible
37
Mental shortcut where people classify a thing according to how similar it is to a typical case
Representativeness heuristic
Fundamental attribution error
Judgemental heuristic
Availability heuristic
38
Which of the following is the best example of a performance-contingent reward?
Paula gets extra credit because she won the kahoot game
A kid receives a participation award for being on swim team
The dentist gives all children a sticker once they are done
All of the children in class who read any book get candy
39
The process whereby people look inward to examine their own thoughts, feelings, and motives ...
Independent analyzation
Self-centering
Introspection
Self-awareness process
40
People often pursue goals that have been recently primed without realizing it
False
True
41
When people make mistaken inferences about what is causing them to feel the way they do
Fundamental attribution error
Self-decoding error
Error of emotion theory
Misattribution of arousal
42
To get an accurate assessment of her volleyball skills, Mary should compare her abilities to ..
a sophomore with about the same amount of experience as Mary
the coach of the team
a senior who was the best player on the team last year
a sophomore who has less experience than Mary in volleyball
43
Which of the following is an example of a culturally-learned causal theory?
"Read between the lines"
"All that glitters isn't gold"
"All for one, and one for all"
"Absence makes the heart grow fonder"
44
How much psychological processes triggered in experiment are similar to those in everyday life
Psychological realism
External validity
Internal validity
Construal
45
Which of the following is true about the Institutional Review Boards (IRBs)?
IRBs must be made up entirely of nonscientists
You can decide whether to have an IRB approve research
The IRB reviews research after it is conducted
IRBs review studies before they are conducted
46
The observational method is best at answering which of these questions?
How polite are people in public places?
Does music in stores influence shoppers' politeness?
In public, are southerners more polite than northerners?
What makes people act politely or rudely in public places?
47
What is a major assumption of Kelley's covariation model of attribution?
People make causal attributions using cultural schemas
We make attributions after seeing one instance of behavior
We gather information to make causal attributions rationally
We infer causes of others' behaviors through introspection
48
The desire to engage in an activity because of external rewards or pressures
Intrinsic motivation
Performance contingency
Extrinsic motivation
Outward motivation
49
Researchers who study social cognition assume that people ...
Can't think clearly with other people around them
Are driven by the need to control others
Try to view the world as accurately as possible
Distort reality to view themselves favorably
50
Humans can only think about one thing at a time in a conscious and controlled way
False
True
51
The method by which researchers attempt to study a group by observing it
from the inside
Observational method
Ethnography
Archival analysis
Correlational method
52
Which of the following is true about cross-cultural research in social psychology?
Its purpose is to see which findings are universal
Most findings are universal across virtually all cultures
Researcher travels to another country and replicates a study
53
_____ is expressing nonverbal behavior, while ______ is interpreting it
Encoding; decoding
Symboling; translating
Emoting; receiving
Ciphering; deciphering
54
What do social psychology and sociology have in common?
They both examine demographic trends in society
They both are concerned with personality differences
They both study national institutions
They both are concerned with group processes
55
Which of the following is
not
a function of the self?
Self-criticism
Impression management
Self-control
Self-knowledge
56
For social psychologists, the likely explanation of the mass suicide at Jonestown was ...
members of the cult were mentally unstable or depressed
the open, welcoming nature of the cult
processes that could ensnare almost any healthy person
the cult leader used hypnotism or drugs to coerce followers
57
Mental structures people use to organize their knowledge about the social world
Construals
Social cognition
Schemas
Automatic thinking
58
Coding posts on Facebook pages to see if people express more positivity on certain days is ...
Archival analysis
Experimental method
Ethnography
Survey
59
The inference that a person is behaving a certain way because of something about the situation
Context effect
Internal attribution
External attribution
Environmental attribution theory
60
Which of the following psychological phenomena shows the least cultural variation?
Fundamental attribution error
Anger facial expressions
Preferences regarding eye contact and personal space
Self-serving attributions
61
Social psychologists often do experiments in the laboratory, instead of the field, to ...
decrease psychological realism
conduct a meta-analysis
increase external validity
increase internal validity
62
The tendency to stick with an initial judgement even in the face of new, contrary information
First impression bias
Impression effect
Primary effect
Belief perseverance
63
A mental shortcut where one bases judgements on what they can easily recall
Availability heuristic
Representativeness heuristic
Base rate information
Judgemental heuristic
64
How do social psychologists formulate hypotheses and theories?
They disagree with a previous researcher's interpretations
They are inspired by previous theories and research
All of these are correct
They construct hypotheses/theories based on everyday life
65
The desire to engage in an activity because we enjoy it or find it interesting
Performance contingency
Task contingency
Intrinsic motivation
Extrinsic motivation
66
Social psychology had its origins in ...
Biological psychology
Freudian psychology
Behavioral psychology
Gestalt psychology
67
The easier it is to mentally undo an outcome, the stronger the emotional reaction to it
Schemas
Counterfactual thinking
Analytical thinking style
Cognitive dissonance
68
Who would ask this:
Are northerners more prone to violence than southerners?
all of the above
sociologist
personality psychologist
social psychologist
69
People first experience physiological arousal then seek an appropriate emotional explanation
Two-factor theory of emotion
Self-perception theory
Self-decoding theory
Self-concept
70
Which is the best definition of an independent view of the self?
Someone who enjoys activities such as reading and poetry
Defining oneself in terms of one's relationships to others
Defining oneself in terms of one's own internal thoughts
Someone who enjoys activities such as team sports
71
Type of thinking in which people focus on objects without considering their surrounding context
Counterfactual thinking
Controlled thinking
Analytic thinking style
Holistic thinking style
72
What do social psychology and personality psychology have in common?
They both focus on personality traits
They both focus on formative childhood experiences
They both focus on the individual
They both focus on genetic contributions to personality
73
The inference that a person is behaving in a certain way because of their character/personality
Presence effect
Internal attribution
Character bias
External attribution
74
When people focus attention on themselves, they ...
almost always like what they see about themselves
are less likely to drink alcohol or bring eat
are less likely to follow their moral standards
compare their behavior to their internal standards/values
75
When thinking about other people, which of these will
we
see as central to their self-concept?
Their physical attributes
Their memories
Their morals
Their preferences and attitudes
76
The social comparison theory is the idea that ...
we are often compared to other people by our peers
we learn ab our abilities by comparing ourselves to others
low self-esteem is from comparing ourselves to similar peers
comparing ourselves to others is unavoidable and unfortunate
77
those in Western cultures tend to think like
_
, those in Eastern cultures tend to think like
_
children; adults
psychologists; sociologists
personality psychologists; social psychologists
introverts; extraverts
78
A description of the way in which people explain the causes of their own and others' behavior
Decoding effect
Internal attribution process
Primacy effect
Attribution theory
79
The process whereby people flatter, praise, and try to make themselves likable to others
Self-enhancement
Positive impression management
Self-flattery
Ingratiation
80
Which of the following statements about impression management is true?
Tends to be counterproductive, "rubs people the wrong way"
It involves an effort to depict the self accurately
It occurs in person but not during online interactions
It can be a conscious or unconscious process
81
Although he claims to hate reality TV, Sid never misses an episode of
Hoarders
. This is ...
low in consensus
high in distinctiveness
low in distinctiveness
low in consistency
82
Which of the following research topics is one that a social psychologist might investigate?
Why some situations are more likely to provoke aggression
Brain abnormalities that produce aggression when provoked
How rates of violence change over time within a culture
Why murder rates vary across cultures
83
The correlational method is best at answering which of these questions?
Does music in stores influence shoppers' politeness?
How polite are people in public places?
In public, are southerners more polite than northerners?
What makes people act politely or rudely in public places?
84
What does the Wall Street Game reveal about personality and situation?
The name of the game makes no difference in strategy
The name of the game strongly influences how people play
Cooperative people try to get opponents to work with them
Competitiveness is not determined by a game's name
85
Bob changes his answer to a test question, then later finds out his original answer was correct
He is likely to experience cognitive dissonance
He is likely to engage in counterfactual thinking
He is likely to avoid similar games in the future
86
Which is the best definition of an interdependent view of the self?
Defining oneself in terms of one's relationships to others
Someone who enjoys activities such as reading and poetry
Defining oneself in terms of one's own internal thoughts
Someone who enjoys activities such as team sports
87
"Naïve realism" refers to the fact that ...
Most people would rather be naïve than accurate
Most people are naïve about psychology
Most people believe they perceive things accurately
Few people are realistic
88
Drawing meaningful conclusions about someones personality or skills based on brief interaction
Conclusion heuristic
Thin-slicing
Affect blending
Impression effect
89
Bad things happen to bad people and good things happen to good people
Belief in a Just World
Perceptual Salience
The Karma Solution
Self-Serving Attributions
90
The fundamental attribution error is best defined as the tendency to ...
explain all behavior entirely in terms of personality traits
explain all behavior in terms of the social situation
believe that peoples' peer group influences their behavior
91
Who would ask this:
Are conscientious people more likely to be liberal?
sociologist
personality psychologist
all of the above
social psychologist
92
Automatic thinking is vital to human survival, but it is not perfect and can lead to mistakes
False
True but in yellow
True
93
The basic dilemma of the social psychologist is that ...
Almost all social behavior is influenced by culture
It is hard to teach to students
There is a trade-off between internal and external validity
It is nearly impossible to use a random selection
94
Facial expressions in which the face registers multiple emotions at once are called ...
Affect blends
Mixed displays
Emblems
Multipressions
95
Social psychology is the study of ...
the real or imagined influence of other people
social institutions, such as the church or school
psychological processes, such as dreaming
social events, such as football games and dances
96
No one except your boss yells at Hannah. According to the Covariation Model, this is ...
High distinctiveness
High consensus
Low consensus
Low consistency
97
The first traits we perceive in others influences how we view information that we learn later
Thin-slicing
Impression effect
Primacy effect
Belief perseverance
98
Which of these is an example of display rules in the United States?
High school teachers cannot show students explicit videos
A student shouldn't flick off a professor
Certain cuss words cannot be said in TV shows
Elders and higher-ups should be addressed by Mr./Ms. [name]
99
The analytic thinking style is where people focus on the overall context of an object
False
True
100
The tendency for people to be overly optimistic about how soon they will complete a project
Planning fallacy
Availability heuristic
Counterfactual thinking
Abomasum effect
101
Social psychologists would look for explanations of a mans violent behavior primarily in ...
his aggressive personality traits
what his father taught him
how his peer group behaves
possible genetic contributions
102
Which of these is a common emblem in the United States?
Holding up the pointer and middle finger to mean "peace"
Rarely making actual calls and mainly sticking to texting
Referring to your friends as your "squad"
Using hashtags on instagram photos and twitter posts
103
Type of thinking where people focus on the overall context and how objects relate to each other
Holistic thinking style
Counterfactual thinking
Controlled thinking
Analytic thinking style
104
Research indicates that which of these political candidates would be most likely to win?
Jo, whose face indicates a calculating, powerful personality
Vanessa, who has large eyes and a small, child-like nose
Denise, whose face indicates a warm personality
Theo, who many assume is gay based only on his appearance
